Te Hoahoa Kariki Matarohia me ōna Pou
Ko te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito tētahi o ngā taonga tuku iho tino whai mana i roto i te hītori o te ao tangata. Nā tōna ataahua mutunga kore me tōna pūkenga hangarau whakamiharo, kua whakaaweawe te hoahoanga Kariki i ngā whakatipuranga o ngā kaihoahoa puta noa i te ao. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino rongonui o te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito ko te whakamahinga o ngā pou, e mahi ana ehara i te mea hei wāhanga hanganga anake engari hei tohu hoki mō te ataahua hohonu me te rapunga whakaaro hoahoa. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te ataahua o te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito, me te whakamārama i ngā momo kāhua me ngā mahi a ēnei pou.
He Hītori Poto o te Hoahoa Whare Kariki
Mai i te rautau 8 BC ki te mutunga o te wā o Rōmana, ko te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito he whakakotahitanga tino pai o te ataahua, te rangimarie, me te whai huatanga. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā wā hoahoanga Kariki kia toru ngā wāhanga matua: te Tawhito, te Tawhito, me te Hellenistic. He takoha motuhake tā ia o ēnei wā ki te whanaketanga o te toi hoahoanga Kariki.
Ngā Pou hei Huānga Matua o te Hoahoa Whare
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pou i roto i te hoahoanga Kariki. Ehara i te mea ko ngā pou anake hei tautoko i ngā whare engari he mea whakapaipai, he mea tohu hoki. E toru ngā momo matua o te hoahoa pou Kariki, arā, ko te Doric, te Ionic, me te Corinthian.
1. Te Ota Doric
Ko te raupapa Doric te mea tawhito rawa atu, te mea māmā rawa atu hoki o ngā momo e toru. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te pou Doric ko tōna turanga kāore i whakapaipaihia, he pou porotaka me te whatu papaku, me te pane matua porowhita noa iho. He kaha, he tāne hoki te āhua o ngā pou Doric. Ko te Parthenon i Ātene tētahi tauira rongonui o tēnei momo pou. I whakatapua ki te atua wahine a Athena, ko te Parthenon tonu tētahi o ngā tauira pai rawa atu o te hoahoanga Doric.
2. Te Raupapa Ā-Ioni
He ātaahua ake, he ātaahua ake te āhua o te Ionic Order i te Doric. Ko tētahi āhuatanga motuhake o ngā pou Ionic ko te aroaro o ngā volute (ngā panuku) i runga i te pane, e hanga ana i tētahi āhua wahine, ātaahua hoki. He turanga anō hoki tō ēnei pou i titoa mai i ētahi porowhita, ā, he roa ake, he kikokore ake i ngā pou Doric. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui o te whakamahinga o ngā pou Ionic ko te Erechtheion i Athens, kei reira te whakamahau Caryatids, kei reira ngā caryatids (ngā whakapakoko wahine) hei whakakapi mō ngā pou paerewa.
3. Te Ota o Koriniti
Ko te Ōta o Koriniti te mea tino whakapaipai, tino ātaahua hoki o ngā mea e toru. He rau acanthus matatini ngā whakapaipai o ngā pou o Koriniti, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare nunui me ngā whare kingi. E whakaatu ana ngā pou o Koriniti i te ahua o te papai me te rangatira, ā, he maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai te momo hoahoanga o ngā whare o Rōmana. Ko tētahi o ngā tauira pai rawa atu o te hoahoanga o Koriniti ko te Temepara o Zeus o Ōrimipia i Ātene, e whakaatu ana i te ataahua me te ataahua o te hoahoanga Kariki Matarohia.
Te Mahi me te Hiranga Hapori o ngā Pou Kariki
I roto i ngā hoahoanga Kariki, ehara i te mea he hanganga anake ngā pou, engari he tohu nui, he tikanga pāpori hoki. He maha ngā wā i honoa ai ngā pou ki te kaha, te pumau, me te kotahitanga. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ko ngā temepara me ētahi atu whare tūmatanui i whakamahi i ngā pou hei wāhanga matua, i mahi hei pokapū mō ngā mahi pāpori me ngā mahi whakapono, ā, i waiho hei kaiwhakaatu puku mō ngā kaupapa nui o mua.
Te Awe o ngā Pou Kariki ki te Hanga Whare Hou
Ko te awe o te hoahoanga Kariki, inā koa te kaupapa me te ataahua o ōna pou, e tino kitea ana i roto i ngā hoahoanga hou. He maha ngā whare nui o te ao, tae atu ki ngā whare kāwanatanga, ngā whare taonga, me ngā whare mātauranga, kua tango i ngā hoahoa pou Kariki hei whakarei ake i tō rātou nui me te mana. Ko te tauira rongonui ko te Lincoln Memorial i Washington, D.C., e whakamahi ana i ngā pou Doric hei whakaata i te hihiri mai i te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito.
Te Whanaketanga me te Whanaketanga o te Hoahoa Whare Kariki
Ahakoa ko ngā pou Doric, Ionic, me Corinthian ngā mea tino rongonui, kāore i mutu te whanaketanga o te hoahoanga Kariki i ēnei hoahoa. I Kariki Hellenistic, i puta ake ētahi atu whanaketanga i roto i te hoahoanga, me te whakauru i ngā huānga mai i ētahi atu ahurea pērā i a Ihipa me Pāhia. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai ngā momo hou o ngā hoahoa pou matatini me te whakapaipai.
Hangarau Hanga me te Hangarau
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā pou i roto i te hoahoanga Kariki e whakaata ana hoki i ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā tikanga hanga o taua wā. Ko te whakamahinga o te kōhatu kōhatu me te māpere, me te tika o te hiki me te tāutanga o ngā pou, e whakaatu ana i te taumata tiketike o te pūkenga hangarau. Ko te entasis, he piko ngawari o ngā pou hei hanga i te whakaaro o te tika tino tika ina tirohia mai i tawhiti, he auaha hangarau e whakaatu ana i te tino tupato me te pūkenga o ngā kaihoahoa Kariki.
Whakamutunga
Ko te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito, me ōna pou ataahua, ehara i te mea he tautoko hanganga anake engari he whakaaturanga hoki o te ataahua, te kaha, me te tohu pāpori. Ko Doric, Ionic, me Corinthian ngā hoahoa matua e toru kua ora tonu ki tēnei rā, ā, kei te whakaaweawe tonu i ngā kaihoahoa puta noa i te ao. Nā roto i tā rātou ranunga pai o te mahi me te ataahua, kua waiho e te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito he taonga tuku iho pumau, e waiho ana hei tohu mō ngā whakatutukitanga teitei rawa atu i roto i te hoahoanga me te toi o te hanga whare. Mā te haere tonu ki te ako me te maioha ki te hoahoanga Kariki tawhito, ka taea e tātou te maioha ki te nui me te hohonutanga o te whakaaro kei roto i ia o ōna pou me ōna hanganga.
