Te Hanganga Koiora me tōna Whakaaweawe mai i te Taiao
Ko te hoahoanga te toi me te pūtaiao o te whakaata i te ao tangata puta noa i te wā me te wāhi. Heoi, kua tāpirihia e tētahi peka hou e kīia nei ko te hoahoanga biomimetic tētahi paparanga hou ki tō tātou māramatanga ki te hoahoa whare. Ko te biomimetic, ko te 'whakaahua i te ora' rānei, e pā ana ki te ariā o te whai i ngā otinga taiao kua tino pai ake i roto i ngā miriona tau o te whanaketanga hei whakaoti rapanga hoahoa tangata. I roto i te horopaki o te hoahoanga, ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te hoahoa i ngā whare e whai ana i te hanganga, te mahi, te ataahua rānei o ngā huānga taiao. Ka ruku hohonu atu tēnei tuhinga ki te hoahoanga biomimetic me tōna hihiri mai i te taiao.
Hītori me ngā Ariā Taketake o te Hanganga Biomimetic
Ehara te koiora-mimetika i te ariā hou. Mai anō i ngā wā onamata, kua whai te tangata i te taiao i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao. Hei tauira, i tohu te pūrākau Kariki mō Daedalus rāua ko Icarus i te ariā o te rere mā te whai i ngā parirau o ngā manu. Heoi, i tino rongonui te whakamahinga o te koiora-mimetika i roto i te hoahoanga i te rautau 20 me te 21, i te whanaketanga o te hangarau me tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā rauropi taiao.
Ngā Mātāpono Koiora-mimetika i roto i te Hanga Whare
1. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao: Ko tētahi o ngā tino pūtake o te ao koiora ko te whai hua o te pūngao. Ka whakamahia e ngā tipu te photosynthesis hei huri i te hihi o te rā hei pūngao. Ka taea e te hoahoanga koiora te tūhura i tēnei ariā mā roto i ngā pakitara matomato, i ngā tuanui matomato rānei e whakanui ana i te mimiti o te hihi o te rā, me ngā hoahoa whare e whakaiti ana i te whakamahinga hiko mā roto i te hauhautanga me te rama taiao.
2. Te Urutau ki te Taiao: He tino pai te urutaunga o te taiao ki tōna taiao. Hei tauira, he uaua ngā hanganga hauhautanga o ngā pukepuke pōpokorua e āhei ai te pāmahana o te kōhanga kia pumau. Ka taea e ngā whare koiora-whakaari te whai i tēnei rautaki me ngā pūnaha hauhautanga kore e hāngai ana ki te āhuarangi o te rohe, e whakatinanahia ana i te Eastgate Centre i Zimbabwe, e whai ana i te pūnaha hauhautanga o ngā kōhanga pōpokorua.
3. Kaha me te Pūmau: He maha ngā wā he kaha whakamiharo ngā hanganga taiao. Ko te angaanga tangata, ko te hanganga o te honikoma rānei, he tauira o ngā hanganga taiao kaha, pakari hoki. Ko ngā whare pērā i te Centre Pompidou-Metz i Parani e whakamahi ana i te hanganga angaanga rite ki ngā wheua kararehe hei hanga i tētahi hanganga kaha engari he māmā.
4. Ataahua: Ka whakaaweawe hoki te taiao i te ataahua. He maha ngā wā ka whai ngā hoahoa whare i ngā tauira taiao, pērā i ngā porowhita i runga i te anga ngata, i ngā tauira porotaka rānei i runga i ngā rau rarauhe, hei hanga whare whai hua, ā, he ataahua hoki.
Akoranga Take: Ngā Whare i Whakaaweawetia e te Taiao
1. Te Gherkin (30 St Mary Axe), Rānana:
Ko te Gherkin tētahi o ngā tohu rongonui o te ao mō te hoahoanga koiora-whakaari. Nā Tā Norman Foster i hanga te hoahoa o te whare, ā, i ahu mai i te hanganga whakaputa uri o ngā rengarenga moana, e ātete ana ki te hau. Ehara i te mea ko tōna āhua ā-hauora anake te hanga i tētahi hanganga ataahua engari ka whakaitihia hoki te pēhanga hau ki runga i te hanganga, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
2. Te Pokapū o Eastgate, Harare, Zimbabwe:
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, he rite te whare ki te pūnaha hauhautanga o te kōhanga moko. I whakamahia e te kaihoahoa a Mick Pearce tētahi whatunga matatini o ngā paipa hau hei whakahaere i te pāmahana o roto. Mā tēnei, e iti iho i te 10% o te pūngao e whakamahia ana e tētahi whare rite me te pūnaha hauhautanga tuku iho e hiahiatia ana e te Eastgate Centre.
3. Kaupapa Ētene, Cornwall, Ingarangi:
Kei roto i te Kaupapa Ētene he raupapa o ngā koiora nui e noho ana i te neke atu i te kotahi mano ngā momo tipu. Ko te hoahoa o te tuanui i ahu mai i te hanganga o te ngota waro e mōhiotia ana ko te buckminsterfullerene, ko te "buckyball" rānei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tapatoru me ngā hexagon e hono tahi ana, he tino kaha, he māmā hoki te tuanui, e āhei ai te hanganga ki te kapi i tētahi wāhi nui me te kore he pou tautoko pokapū.
Ngā Wero me te Anamata o te Hanganga Biomimetic
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, he maha ngā wero kei mua i te hoahoanga koiora-whakaari. Ko te mea nui o ēnei ko te uaua o te hoahoa me te nui o ngā utu tīmatanga. Kāore i te ngāwari te tārua i ngā otinga taiao whai hua i runga i te tauine nui, i roto rānei i ngā horopaki tāone. Hei tāpiri, ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi taiao kāore pea e tino ātete ki ngā pānga tangata pēnei i te parahanga, i ngā āhuatanga kino rānei o te taiao.
Heoi, i te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te tīmata te wikitoria i ēnei wero. Kei te whakatuwherahia e ngā tikanga tā 3D me ngā rauemi ira kua hangaia he huarahi hou mō te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono koiora ki te hoahoanga. Hei tauira, ko ngā rauemi hanga whare ka taea te whakatika i a ia anō, te urutau rānei ki tōna taiao, tera pea ka tutuki i roto i ngā rā kei te heke mai.
Whakamutunga
Ka tukuna e te hoahoanga koiora-mimetic ngā otinga auaha me te pumau ki ngā wero hoahoa hou. Mā te whai i ngā rautaki kua whakamatautauria e te taiao, ka taea e tātou te hanga whare he pai ake te whai hua, he urutau, he pakari, he ātaahua hoki. Ahakoa ngā wero, he nui te kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono koiora-mimetic. Mā te tautoko o te hangarau me te rangahau e whanake haere ana, ka taea e te heke mai o te hoahoanga te noho tahi me te taiao, ka matomato ake, ka pumau ake hoki ō tātou tāone.
Ko te whakatinanatanga o te hoahoanga koiora-whakaari he taahiraa whakamua ki te anga whakamua ki tētahi heke mai pumau me te noho tahi me te taiao. Hei kaitiaki o te whenua, e tumanakohia ana kia nui ake te aro ki te hoahoa i ō tātou wāhi noho, kia ako mai i ngā tikanga whakaoti rapanga a te taiao, kia waihanga hoki i ngā otinga e tino whai hua ana, ehara i te mea ko tātou anake te tangata engari ko te ao e noho nei tātou.
