He aha te Hanganga Whenua ā-Iwi?
He ariā kua roa te noho a te hoahoanga whenua i roto i te ao hoahoanga, ahakoa kāore pea i te tino mōhiotia e te marea. Heoi, he tata tonu tōna noho mai, ā, he mea e kitea ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā, e whakaputa ana i ngā hiahia me te ahurei ahurea o ia rohe ki ngā momo whare motuhake. Engari he aha rawa te hoahoanga whenua?
Whakamāramatanga me ngā Mātāpono Taketake
I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ko te hoahoanga whenua he momo hanga whare i whakawhanakehia mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o te rohe, ngā tikanga i tukuna iho i ngā whakatipuranga, ā, i hangaia i runga i ngā hiahia o te rohe me ngā āhuatanga o te taiao. Ehara i te mea mō ngā auahatanga hou, mō ngā hoahoa matatini rānei, engari mō te whaihua me te mātauranga o te rohe. Ka whakamahia e te hoahoanga whenua ngā rauemi o te rohe, pērā i te rakau, te kōhatu, te uku, me te raupo, me te urutau ki te āhuarangi, te ahurea, me te momo noho o te rohe.
Hītori me te Whanaketanga
Kua roa te ariā o te hoahoanga whenua tūturu e mau ana, ā, kua whanake haere i te wā e urutau ana te tangata ki tōna taiao. I mua i te mātauranga ōkawa mō te hoahoanga, i whakamahia tēnei huarahi hei hanga whare me ētahi atu hanganga. Hei tauira, ko ngā whare tuku iho i ngā rohe pārūrū he whānui ngā tuanui me te hauhautanga pai hei ārai i te wera me te haumākū, ko ngā rohe makariri ia, he pakitara matotoru me ngā tuanui piki hei ārai i te hukarere ka hangaia ngā whare.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hanga Whare ā-Iwi
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o te hoahoanga whenua ko:
1. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Rauemi ā-Rohe:
He maha ngā rauemi o te rohe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare o te whenua. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia ngā utu hanga anake, engari ka whakarite hoki kia pai te whakakotahitanga o te whare me tōna taiao.
2. Te Urutau ki te Āhuarangi:
Ka whai whakaaro tonu te hoahoa ki te āhuarangi o te rohe. Hei tauira, ko ngā whare i ngā koraha he pakitara matotoru pea hei pupuri i te pāmahana o roto kia pumau, engari i ngā wāhi he nui te ua, ka hangaia ngā tuanui kia pari te pari hei mimiti tere i te wai ua.
3. Taonga Tuku Iho:
He maha ngā wā e whakaatahia ana ngā tikanga me ngā ahurea o te rohe e ngā hoahoanga whenua. Ka kitea tēnei i roto i ngā whakapaipai, i te whakatakotoranga o te wāhi, tae noa ki te whakaritenga o ngā rauemi. Ehara i te mea he whare noho noa iho ngā whare whenua engari he tohu hoki mō te tuakiri ahurea me ngā tikanga tuku iho o te rohe.
4. Te Oranga Tonu:
Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te hoahoanga whenua ko tōna oranga tonutanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua me ngā tikanga hanga kua roa e whakamatautauria ana, ka whakaatuhia e te hoahoanga whenua he oranga pumau ake, he oranga pai ake hoki mō te taiao.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Hanganga Whenua ā-Iwi o te Ao
He maha ngā tauira o ngā hoahoanga ā-iwi e kitea ana puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki:
1. Whare Honai i Papua, Indonesia:
Ko te Honai te whare tuku iho o te iwi Dani o Papua, he mea hanga ki te rakau me te raupo. Ko tōna āhua porowhita me tōna tuanui koi he mea hanga hei pupuri i te mahana i ngā maunga makariri.
2. Ngā Igloo i te Pou Raki:
He whare noho rangitahi te igloo, he mea hanga ki ngā poraka hukapapa. Ahakoa te pāmahana tino kino o waho, ka mau tonu te mahana o roto i tōna hoahoa.
3. Trullo i Puglia, Itari:
He whare kōne ngā trulli, he mea hanga ki te kōhatu kōhatu, kāore he sima. Nā te hoahoa ahurei, ka noho mātao te roto i te raumati, ka mahana hoki i te takurua.
4. Ngā Whare Adobe i Amerika Waenganui:
He mea hanga ngā whare adobe mai i te ranunga o te uku, te onepu, me te kakau witi. He pai tēnei tikanga hanga mō ngā āhuarangi wera, maroke, he pai te whakamarumaru me te iti o te pānga ki te taiao.
Ngā Wero me ngā Huarahi
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te hoahoanga whenua, he maha ngā wero kei mua i a ia i tēnei ao hou. He maha ngā wā ka memeha haere te mātauranga ā-rohe i te ao whānui, ā, ko ngā momo hoahoanga hou e tino pāngia ana e ngā au o te ao ka whakakapi i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Heoi anō, ko te mōhio ki te hiranga o te oranga tonutanga me te tiaki ahurea ka whakatuwhera i ngā huarahi kia hoki mai anō te hoahoanga whenua ki te tirohanga whānui.
Kei te tīmata ngā mātauranga hoahoa whare i ngā whare wānanga ki te whakauru i te ako i te hoahoanga whenua ki roto i tana marautanga. Kei te piki haere te ngana a ngā tohunga hoahoa whare o ēnei rā ki te whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga whenua me ngā tikanga hou hei hanga whare whai hua ake, ā, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao.
He aha te hiranga o te hoahoanga ā-iwi?
He maha ngā painga nui o te ako me te mahi i ngā hoahoanga ā-iwi:
1. Te Tiaki i te Ahurea:
He whakaaturanga ā-tinana ia whare tuku iho o ngā uara ahurea, ngā whakapono, me ngā tikanga tuku iho o taua hapori. Ko te tiaki i te ahurea tuku iho he tohu i te ngaro haere o te taonga tuku iho.
2. Te Oranga Tonu:
Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o te rohe me ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao, he pai ake te pumau o ngā hoahoanga whenua i ngā tikanga hanga hou maha.
3. Te Mātauranga ā-Rohe:
Ko ngā whare o te rohe he hua nō ngā rautau o te urutau a te tangata ki tōna taiao. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei mātauranga, ka taea e tātou te hanga whare he pai ake te whai hua, he pai hoki mō ngā āhuarangi o te rohe.
4. Te utu tika:
Nā te mea he rauemi ā-rohe me ngā tikanga māmā noa iho te whakamahi, he iti ake te utu mō te hanga whare ā-iwi i ngā tikanga hanga hou he uaua ake, he utu nui ake hoki.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Hoahoa Whenua ā-Iwi i te Wā Hou
Hei whakauru i ngā hoahoanga whenua ki roto i te ao hou, ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa me ngā kaihoahoa te tango i te whakaaweawe mai i ngā tikanga me ngā rauemi hanga tuku iho, ka whakakotahi i aua mea ki te auahatanga hangarau. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi taiao me te hangarau whakamahana matatau hei hanga whare penapena hiko.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono o te taurite taiao me te mahi wera e kitea ana i roto i ngā whare o te motu ki ngā kaupapa hoahoanga hou. Mā tēnei ka hua ake he whare ataahua, he whare auaha hoki, engari he pai hoki mō te taiao, ā, he rite ki te ahurea o te rohe.
Te Katinga
Mā te hoahoanga whenua, ka tono mai tātou kia hoki anō ki ngā mātauranga ā-rohe e warewarehia ana i waenganui i te kanapa o ngā hangarau hou. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi ā-rohe, te urutau ki te āhuarangi, me te whakaute i ngā uara ahurea o nāianei, ka taea e tātou te hanga whare e whai hua ana, e whai tikanga ana hoki. Mā te ako me te whakamahi i ngā hoahoanga whenua, ka taea e tātou te pupuri i te hononga ki ngā mea o mua, me te urutau hoki ki ngā wero o te heke mai. Ko te rapu i te taurite i waenga i te tikanga tuku iho me te ao hou hei hanga i tētahi heke mai pumau, taurite hoki.
