Te Hononga i waenga i te Arorangi me te Reo
Ko te whaipara tangata me te reo he kaupapa e rua e tū ana i roto i ngā mara rerekē. E whakaarohia ana te whaipara tangata he pūtaiao e pā ana ki te keri i ngā taonga tawhito me te ako i ngā iwi o mua mā roto i ngā toenga rauemi. I taua wā, ko te reo he pūtaiao e aro ana ki te reo, tae atu ki tōna hanganga, mahi, me te whanaketanga. Heoi, ki te tirotirohia tata atu, ka hono tahi ngā mea e rua, ā, ka tautoko tetahi i tetahi i roto i te māramatanga ki te iwi tangata. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whaipara tangata me te reo, me pēhea te whakakotahi i ēnei huarahi e rua ka taea te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whai kiko ake i roto i te ako i te hītori o te tangata.
Te Whaipara Tangata me te Reo: Te Māramatanga Taketake
I mua i te matapaki i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ēnei marautanga e rua, me mārama tātou ki ngā kaupapa matua o te whaipara tangata me te mātauranga reo.
Te whaipara tangata
Ko te whaipara tangata te ako i te ao tūroa o te tangata mā te keri me te tātari i ngā taonga tuku iho, ngā hoahoanga, ngā raraunga koiora, me ētahi atu wāhi ahurea. Ka kerihia e ngā kaiwhaipara tangata te kiri o te whenua hei hura i ngā taonga tuku iho o mua, pērā i ngā taputapu, ngā whakapaipai, ngā toenga whare, tae atu ki ngā kōiwi tawhito. Mā ēnei taonga tuku iho ka kitea te noho, te mahi, te taunekeneke, me te whanaketanga o te tangata i roto i ō rātou hapori.
wetereo
I tētahi atu taha, ko te mātauranga reo te pūtaiao e ako ana i te reo me ōna āhuatanga rerekē, pērā i te oro, te oro, te āhua, te wetereo, te tikanga, te mahi whaihua, me te pāpori-reo. Ka tirotirohia e te mātauranga reo te hanganga o te reo, te whakakotahitanga o ngā hanganga rerenga kōrero me ngā hanganga kupu, me te huraina o te tikanga i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-waha me te kore-waha.
Te Hononga i waenganui i te Arorangi me te Reo
Ahakoa kei roto i ngā mara rerekē, ka tautokona e te mātauranga whaipara tangata me te mātauranga reo tētahi i tētahi i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakahoutanga Hītori
He mea nui te mahi a te whaipara tangata me te reo ki te hanga anō i te hītori o ngā hapori onamata. Mā ngā tuhinga i kitea i roto i ngā kerihanga whaipara tangata ka homai he kōrero whai hua mō ngā reo e kōrerotia ana, ā, mā te tātari reo o ēnei reo ka āwhina i te mārama ki te horopaki ahurea me te horopaki pāpori o ēnei hapori.
Hei tauira, ko te kitenga o ngā papa uku i Mesopotamia i tuhia ki te tuhinga cuneiform kua homai he māramatanga ki ngā reo Sumeria me Akkadia. Nā te rangahau reo ki ēnei tuhinga i āwhina ki te wetewete i ngā karere kei roto, ā, nā reira i hurahia ai ngā kōrero mō ngā pūrākau, te ture, te hokohoko, me te oranga o ia rā o te iwi i taua wā.
2. Te Whanaketanga o te Reo
Mā te keri i ngā taonga tuku iho kei roto ngā tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te whanaketanga me te horapa o te reo. Mā ngā tuhinga tawhito pērā i ngā tohu whenua o Īhipa, ngā tuhinga a Phoenician, me ngā tuhituhinga mai i te iwi Mayan ka taea e te mātauranga reo te whai i te whanaketanga o te reo i roto i ēnei hapori.
Hei tauira, i roto i te take o te reo Latina me te reo Kariki Tawhito, ko te kitenga o ngā tuhituhinga me ngā tuhinga tawhito i āwhina i ngā tohunga reo ki te mārama ki te whanaketanga mai i ngā reo Romance ki ngā reo Romance hou pērā i te reo Pāniora, Itari, me te reo Wīwī.
3. Te Tāutuhi Ahurea me te Whakapā ki te Ao Whānui
He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana ngā taonga tuku iho kei roto ngā tuhituhi, ngā tohu rānei i te hononga i waenga i ngā iwi rerekē. Hei tauira, he maha ngā kitenga keriwhenua e whakaatu ana i te noho mai o ngā tuhituhi a Phoenician i ngā rohe o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, he tawhiti atu i ngā pokapū ahurea o Phoenician, e tohu ana i ngā whatunga hokohoko whānui, i ngā whanaungatanga tōrangapū rānei.
E pā ana hoki tēnei ki ngā wā hekenga tangata, ina taea e te mātauranga reo hītori te whakaatu i ngā huringa o te reo hei hua o te whakaranu ahurea e ai ki ngā kitenga whaipara tangata.
4. Te Pikinga me te Hinganga o te Reo
Mā ngā rangahau whaipara tangata ka whakamārama i te pikinga me te hekenga o ngā reo. Hei tauira, mā ngā kitenga i te tāone o Pompeii, i tanumia e te pahūtanga o Maunga Vesuvius, ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio mō te whakamahinga o te reo Latina i roto i te oranga o ia rā i taua wā. Nō reira, mā te whaipara tangata ka whakaratohia he horopaki hītori e āhei ai te whakawhanake i ngā whakapae reo tika ake.
Take Study: Rapanui and Rongorongo
Ka kitea te rangahau ā-mātauranga o te whaipara tangata me te reo i roto i te tauira o te ahurea o Rapanui i Te Moutere o te Īhipa. Ko tētahi o ngā mea ngaro nui o te moutere ko tā rātou pūnaha tuhituhi, e mōhiotia ana ko te rongorongo. Tae noa ki tēnei rā, kāore anō kia whakamāoritia katoatia te rongorongo.
Mā te whaipara tangata, ka taea e tātou te mārama he wāhi nui tā te rongorongo i roto i te ahurea o Rapanui. Nā ngā keri i ngā wāhi o te moutere i kitea ai ngā papa rakau kua kapi i ngā whakairo ahurei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga reo, kei te mārama tonu ngā tohunga ki te hanganga o tēnei reo. Ko ētahi ariā e kī ana he rite ki ētahi atu pūnaha tuhituhi o Porinīhiana me ngā awe pea mai i Amerika ki te Tonga.
Mā te rangahau whaipara tangata me te rangahau reo ka taea te whakamārama i te mahi a te rongorongo i roto i te hapori Rapanui, ahakoa hei tuhituhi mō ngā kawa whakapono, hei whakahaere, hei kaupapa rānei. He tauira mārama tēnei o te whakakotahitanga o ēnei kaupapa e rua hei whakaoti i ngā mea ngaro o mua.
Ngā Wero i te Whakaurunga o te Arorangi me te Reo
Ahakoa e mārama ana ngā painga, ehara i te mea kāore he wero i te whakauru i te mātauranga keri whenua me te reo:
1. Raraunga Kāore i Oti
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko ngā raraunga kāore i oti. He maha ngā wā ka pakaru, ka ngaro, ka kore rānei i oti ngā taonga tuku iho o te whenua, ā, ka uaua te hanga anō i te reo.
2. Ngā Whakamāramatanga Rerekē
He tino āhua takitahi te whakamāoritanga o ngā taonga tuku iho me ngā tuhinga. Hei tauira, ka puta ake ngā whakamāoritanga rerekē mai i te puna tuhituhi tawhito kotahi, i runga i te reo, te reo ā-iwi, me ngā tohu e whakamahia ana.
3. Te Kore o te Mahi Tahi
Ko te kore mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tohunga whaipara tangata me ngā tohunga reo he arai pea. Ko te whakauru i ngā mātauranga o ngā mara e rua me mahi tahi tata kia hanga he māramatanga whānui.
Whakamutunga
Ahakoa te āhua rerekē o te whaipara tangata me te reo, e rua ngā kaupapa ako e tautoko ana i a rāua anō i roto i te rapunga ki te mārama ki te hītori o te tangata. Mā roto i ngā taonga tuku iho me ngā tuhinga tawhito, ka whakaratohia e te whaipara tangata ngā rauemi mata ka taea e te reo te tātari hei hanga anō i ngā reo me ngā ahurea o mua. I tetahi atu taha, ka whakaratohia e te reo ngā taputapu hei whakamārama i ngā taonga tuku iho i kitea mā te whaipara tangata. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā mea e rua ka whakaratohia he māramatanga hohonu ake ki te whanaketanga o te ao tangata, ngā taunekeneke ahurea, me ngā whanaketanga pāpori o mua.
