Te Whakapūmautanga o te Rangahau Whaipara Tangata: Te Tūhura i te Anamata mai i te Wā o Mua
Ahorangi
He pūtaiao te whaipara tangata e whakaara ake ana i ngā kōrero kua tanumia ki te puehu o te wā. I ia keri me ia tātaritanga o ngā taonga tuku iho, ehara i te mea ka honoa ngātahitia e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata ngā wāhanga o te hītori engari ka hangaia hoki he piriti e hono ana i te hītori ki te heke mai. He take nui te pumau o te rangahau whaipara tangata nā te mea ehara i te mea ko te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho anake e aro ana, engari kei roto hoki ko ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao, te whai wāhi a te hapori ā-rohe, me ngā hangarau auaha hei tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
Tikanga Hoa Taiao
He maha ngā wā e hono ana te whaipara tangata ki ngā keri nui ka taea te whakararuraru i ngā wāhi tawhito. Hei whakatika i tēnei take, he mea nui te whakamahi i ngā tikanga taiao. Mā ngā tikanga keri tupato ake mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ā-ringa, me ngā huarahi kore-whakaeke pērā i te georadar, te LIDAR, me te whakaahua amiorangi, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga taiao o te rangahau whaipara tangata. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei tikanga matawhenua ka taea e ngā kaiwhaipara tangata te mahere tika i te wāhi o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata me te kore e hiahiatia he keri nui, ā, ka tiakina te taiao e karapoti ana.
Haunga te tiaki i te āhua o ngā wāhi, he mea nui anō hoki te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro i te wā rangahau. He maha ngā tīma whaipara tangata e whakamahi ana i te pūngao hou me ngā waka hiko i roto i ā rātou haerenga. He taahiraa iti engari he mea nui tēnei hei whakaiti i te pānga taiao o te rangahau whaipara tangata.
Te Whai Wāhitanga o te Hapori ā-Rohe
Ko tētahi o ngā mea nui o te pumau o te rangahau whaipara tangata ko te whai wāhi mai o ngā hapori o te rohe. He kaha te mōhiotanga me te hononga kare ā-roto o te hunga e noho tata ana ki ngā wāhi whaipara tangata ki ō rātou taonga tuku iho. Mā te whakauru i a rātou ki te tukanga rangahau, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i ngā raraunga ka riro mai, engari ka hanga hononga kaha ake i waenganui i te wāhi whaipara tangata me te hapori o te rohe.
He mea nui ngā kaupapa mātauranga me ngā kaupapa whakangungu mō ngā hapori o te rohe mō te hiranga o te tiaki i ngā wāhi keri whenua me te whai wāhi atu ki te tiaki i aua wāhi. Mā tēnei, ka kitea ēnei wāhi ehara i te mea hei kaupapa rangahau anake engari hei wāhanga nui hoki o te tuakiri me te hītori o te hapori.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka taea e te whai wāhi a te hapori o te rohe te āwhina i te whakauru i ō rātou hiahia ōhanga ki ngā mahi tiaki taiao. Hei tauira, mā ngā kaupapa tūruhi tauwhiro ka taea te whakarato i tētahi puna moni mā ngā hapori o te rohe, me te whakapiki ake i te mōhiotanga me te tautoko i ngā mahi tiaki i ngā wāhi. Mā tēnei huarahi, ehara i te mea he hunga noho pukumahi noa iho ngā hapori o te rohe, engari he hunga kaha ki te pupuri i te tauwhirotanga o ō rātou taonga tuku iho.
Te Whakamahinga o te Hangarau Auaha
He nui te pānga o te hurihanga hangarau ki ngā momo mara, tae atu ki te whaipara tangata. Ko ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te matawai laser, te whakaahua wera, me te whakatauira 3D kua piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i ngā rangahau whaipara tangata. Mā ēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā kaiwhaipara tangata te tuhi me te tātari raraunga me te tino tika.
Hei tauira, kei te whakamahia te hangarau waka rererangi hei mahere tere me te whai hua i ngā wāhi nunui. Mā te whakamahi i ngā waka rererangi, ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te kohikohi raraunga mai i ngā wāhi tirohanga kāore i taea i mua, ka whakarato tirohanga hou mō te tahora me te hanganga o te wāhi. Mā te matawai taiaho whenua, ā-rangi rānei ka āwhina i te hanga tauira 3D o ngā wāhi me ngā taonga tuku iho, ka taea te tātari pai me te kore e tūpono ki te kino tinana.
Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakaahua hyperspectral ka taea hoki te kite i ngā āhuatanga keri whenua e huna ana i raro i te whenua mā te whakamahi i ngā roangaru mārama rerekē. Ka taea e tēnei hangarau te tautuhi i ngā huānga rerekē i roto i te oneone me ngā mea tanumia e kore e kitea e te kanohi tahanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā ngā hangarau matihiko pēnei i ngā pātengi raraunga ipurangi me ngā pūmanawa Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua (GIS) ka āwhina i ngā tohunga whaipara tangata ki te penapena, ki te whakahaere, me te tātari i ngā raraunga nui. Mā ēnei pātengi raraunga matihiko ka māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā mōhiohio whaipara tangata, ā, ka taea te tohatoha ki te hapori pūtaiao me te marea whānui me te tere me te whai hua.
Te Tiaki me te Whakaora i ngā Taonga Tawhito
Kei roto hoki i ngā rangahau whaipara tangata tauwhiro ngā mahi ki te tiaki me te whakaora i ngā taonga tuku iho kua kitea. Ko ngā taonga tuku iho he matapihi ki ngā kōrero o mua, nō reira, he mea nui ngā mahi ki te tiaki me te whakaora i aua taonga.
Ko ngā tikanga tiaki hou pēnei i te paninga tiaki me te whakamahinga o ngā matū motuhake kua whakamahia inaianei hei ārai i te pirau o ngā taonga tuku iho. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, me āta whakahaere ngā taiao rokiroki e pā ana ki te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te rama kia mau tonu ai te āhua pai o ngā taonga tuku iho.
He tukanga uaua te whakaora, e uru ana ngā tohunga o ngā momo marautanga. Mā te āwhina o ngā hangarau matihiko, pērā i ngā whakatauira rorohiko me te tānga 3D, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora te whakamātau i ngā momo tikanga whakaora i roto i te taiao mariko i mua i te whakamahi i aua tikanga ki te taonga tūturu. Mā tēnei ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā hapa kāore e taea te whakatika, ā, ka whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te angitu o te whakaora.
Mātauranga me te Mōhiotanga ā-Iwi
Kāore e oti ngā mahi rangahau whaipara tangata pumau me te kore he mātauranga me te mōhiotanga o te marea. Me mārama te marea ki te hiranga o te tiaki i ngā whaipara tangata me te rangahau hei tautoko i ēnei mahi. He huarahi whai hua ngā kaupapa mātauranga i ngā kura, te toro atu ki te hapori, me te pāpāho pāpori me te papaaho whānui hei hora i tēnei karere.
He mahi nui anō hoki tā ngā whare taonga me ngā whakaaturanga whaipara tangata. Ehara i te mea he putunga taonga anake engari he pokapū mātauranga anō hoki mō te marea. Mā roto i ngā whakaaturanga taunekeneke me ngā kaupapa mātauranga, ka taea e ngā whare taonga te whakarato i tētahi wheako rumaki o te hītori me te ahurea o mua.
Te Mahi Tahi ā-Ao
I tēnei ao e hono tonu ana, ko te mahi tahi ā-ao te mea nui ki te pumau o te rangahau whaipara tangata. Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, hangarau, me ngā rauemi i waenga i ngā whenua ka whai wāhi ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga hou me te whakahaere whai hua ake o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata.
He mahi nui tā ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i a UNESCO me ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) ki te whakarite i ngā mahi tiaki i te ao katoa. Mā te whakarite i ngā tikanga rangahau me te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho mā roto i ngā aratohu o te ao ka taea te whakarite kia tiakina pai rawa atu tō tātou taonga tuku iho o te ao.
Epilogue
Ehara i te mea ko te rangahau whaipara tangata pumau anake te kaupapa o te kimi i ngā mea o mua, engari ko te tiaki hoki i ngā taonga tuku iho mō ngā rā kei te heke mai. Mā roto i ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao, te whai wāhi a te hapori ā-rohe, te whakamahi i ngā hangarau auaha, me te mahi tahi a te ao, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia ora tonu ēnei taonga tuku iho, kia whai hua ai hoki mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai. Nō reira, ko ngā mahi tahi a ngā tohunga whaipara tangata, ngā kāwanatanga, ngā hapori ā-rohe, me te marea te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te rangahau whaipara tangata pumau.
