Ngā Whakamahinga Hikohiko: Te Huri i ngā Mātāpono Pūtaiao hei Hangarau Whaihua
Ko te matū hikohiko he peka o te matū e ako ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tauhohenga matū e uru ana ki te whakawhiti irahiko me te pūngao hiko. He mea nui tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te maha o ngā tono hangarau e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia ētahi o ngā tono matua o te matū hikohiko, tae atu ki ngā pūtau wahie, ngā pākahiko, ngā tukanga whakamahine whakarewa, te waikura me te tiaki whakarewa, me ngā pūoko hikohiko.
1. Pūtau Wahie
Ko ngā pūtau wahie tētahi o ngā tono tino auaha o te matū hiko i roto i te ao o te pūngao hou. Ka mahi ngā pūtau wahie mā te huri i te pūngao matū o te wahie (pērā i te hauwai) hei pūngao hiko mā te tauhohenga hiko. Kāore i rite ki ngā miihini mura ā-roto, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mura hei whakaputa pūngao, ka whakaputahia e ngā pūtau wahie te hiko mā te tauhohenga matū ma, me te wai hei hua taha.
Ko ngā painga o ngā pūtau wahie ko te tino whai hua me te iti o ngā tukunga. Nā tēnei ka pai mō te whānuitanga o ngā mahi, mai i ngā waka motuka ki te whakarato hiko ki ngā wāhi tūroa. Kua tīmata ngā kamupene nui pēnei i a Toyota me Honda ki te whakaputa waka e whakamahia ana e ngā pūtau wahie hei huarahi ki te heke mai mō te pūngao pumau.
2. Pūhiko
Ko ngā pākahiko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matū hiko e tino kitea ana, e tino nui ana hoki i roto i ō tātou ao hou. Mai i ngā taputapu hiko kawe ki ngā waka hiko, e whakawhirinaki ana ngā mea katoa ki te hangarau pākahiko. He taputapu ngā pākahiko e penapena ana i te pūngao matū, ā, e huri ana hei pūngao hiko ina hiahiatia.
Ko ngā momo pākahiko tino noa ko ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ngā pākahiko nickel-cadmium, ngā pākahiko nickel-metal hydride, me ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hou rawa atu, rongonui hoki. Nā ngā pākahiko lithium-ion kua tino hurihia te huarahi e penapena ai, e whakamahi ai hoki i te pūngao nā te mea he nui te kaha o te pūngao, he roa te ora, ā, he mama hoki.
Kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko, ā, kei te piki haere te whai huatanga me te whai huatanga o ngā waka hiko. E matapaetia ana hoki ka taea e ngā whanaketanga hou o ngā rauemi pākahiko me te hoahoa te penapena pūngao pai ake mō ngā tono i roto i ngā whatunga pūngao hou.
3. Tukanga Whakamahinga Konganuku
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi hikohiko i roto i te umanga whakamahine whakarewa. Ka whakamahia te hikohiko hei tiki i ngā konganuku parakore mai i ngā konganuku, hei pure rānei i ngā konganuku kua whiwhihia. Ko tētahi tauira ko te whakamahine parahi. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko te parahi iti iho te parakore hei anode, ko te parahi parakore ia hei cathode. Ina tukuna he ia hiko mā roto i te otinga electrolyte, ka neke ngā katote parahi ki te cathode, ka puta he parahi parakore ki reira.
Ka whakamahia anō hoki ngā tukanga hikohiko rite tonu i roto i te hanga o ētahi atu konganuku, pērā i te konumohe, e whakamahia ai ngā tikanga hikohiko hei tango i te konganuku mai i te konganuku bauxite. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te hanga i te nui o te konganuku parakore teitei, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te ahumahi hou.
4. Te Parenga Waikura me te Whakarewa
He tukanga hikohiko te waikura e kino ai ngā konganuku. He raruraru nui tēnei mō ngā ahumahi nā te mea ka taea e ia te arahi ki te pakaru o te hanganga, te turuturu, me ētahi atu tūponotanga. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tikanga o te waikura hei whakawhanake i ngā rautaki tiaki whai hua.
Ko tētahi tikanga hei tiaki i te konganuku mai i te waikura ko te whakamahi i te tiaki katote. I tēnei tikanga, ka honoa te konganuku hei tiaki ki tētahi atu konganuku e ngāwari ake te waikura (e kiia ana ko te anode patunga tapu). Ko te anode patunga tapu he konupora, he konutea, he konumohe rānei. Ina puta te waikura, ka waikura tuatahi te konganuku anode, hei tiaki i te konganuku tuatahi.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te paninga i te konganuku ki tētahi mea tiaki, pērā i te whakakikorua konutea ki te maitai (whakapūmau i te konupūmā) me te whakamahi rānei i te peita tiaki kei roto ngā tae ātete-waikura.
5. Pūoko Hikohiko
Ko ngā pūoko hikohiko he taputapu e whakamahi ana i ngā mātāpono hikohiko hei kite i te aroaro me te kukū o ngā matū motuhake. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā momo mahi, tae atu ki te aroturuki hauora, te whakahaere taiao, me te haumaru kai.
Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga rongonui o ngā pūoko hikohiko ko te mita huka toto, e whakamahia ana e te hunga mate huka hei aroturuki i ngā taumata huka toto. Ka mahi ēnei pūoko mā te whakawaikura i te huka toto i runga i te mata o te hikohiko, ka puta he iahiko e rite ana ki te kukū huka toto.
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā pūoko hikohiko hei whakahaere i te parahanga hei kite i ngā hau paitini pērā i te hauota waro me te hauota hauhā i te rangi. Nā te kaha o ēnei pūoko ki te whakarato i te kitenga tere me te tika, he mea tino nui ēnei pūoko hei tiaki i te hauora me te haumaru o te tangata.
6. Ngā tono hauora
Kua whakaaweawehia hoki e te hikohiko ngā auahatanga nui i roto i te rongoā. Hei tauira, ko te hikohiko he tikanga e whakamahia ana hei wehewehe i ngā ngota i runga i tō rātou utu hiko. He mea nui tēnei tikanga i roto i te tātari i te DNA, te RNA, me ngā pūmua.
Ko ngā tikanga tātaritanga hikohiko, pērā i ngā pūoko whiriwhiri-ā-iona, e whakamahia ana hei aroturuki i ngā ā-iona motuhake i roto i ngā wai o te tinana, he mea nui tēnei mō te tātaritanga me te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga hauora. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga hikohiko i roto i ngā taputapu whakaahua hauora, tae atu ki ētahi momo pūoko MRI me ngā taputapu hihi-X.
Whakamutunga
He peka pūtaiao te matū hiko e pā nui ana ki ngā momo mara hangarau. Mai i te rokiroki pūngao me ngā waka e pai ana ki te taiao ki te purenga whakarewa me ngā pūoko hauora, kei te whānui haere tonu ngā tono matū hiko, ā, kei te whakarato otinga auaha ki ngā wero o ēnei rā.
Mā te tino mārama me te whakamahi i ngā tukanga hiko-matū ka whakatakoto i te ara mō ngā hangarau whai hua, pumau hoki, ā, ka waiho te hiko-matū hei pou nui mō te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau o te heke mai.
