Ngā Take Taiao me te Oranga Tauwhiro
Ko te mātauranga taiao he peka o te mātauranga taiao e ako ana i ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i te tangata, te ahurea, me te taiao tūturu. Ehara i te mea ko te whakamahinga a te tangata i ngā rauemi anake te kaupapa matua, engari ko te pānga hoki o ngā uara, ngā mōhiotanga ā-rohe, ngā hanganga pāpori, ōhanga, me te tōrangapū ki te taunekeneke a ngā hapori ki te taiao. I waenganui i te piki haere o te raruraru āhuarangi, te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, te parahanga, me te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora, ka whakaratohia e te mātauranga taiao he tirohanga nui hei mārama ake i ngā take pumau - ehara i te mea ko ngā take hangarau anake, engari ko ngā take whanonga, mana, me te tikanga.
Te mārama ki te taiao hei wāhi ahurea
Mai i te tirohanga a te tangata taiao, kāore te "taiao" e noho kūpapa. Ehara i te mea he taonga ā-tinana noa iho ngā ngahere, ngā awa, ngā moana, me te whenua, engari he wāhi whai tikanga nā roto i ngā tikanga ahurea. Hei tauira, ki ētahi hapori taketake, ka taea te mārama ki ngā ngahere hei wāhi noho tapu, hei nohoanga o ngā tūpuna, hei pūtake tuakiri rānei. He rerekē tēnei tirohanga i ngā tirohanga hou, e titiro pinepine ana ki te taiao hei rauemi ōhanga. Nā ēnei tikanga rerekē ka rerekē ngā mahi whakahaere: ka whakatinanahia e ētahi hapori ngā ture tikanga tino pakari mō te tua rākau, ka aukati i ētahi mahi i ngā wāhi tapu, ka whakahaere rānei i ngā wā hauhake kia kore ai e whakararuraru i te whakaoranga taiao.
Ko ngā tikanga ahurea o te taiao anō hoki e hanga ana i ngā mātauranga taiao tuku iho (TEK). Ka puta mai tēnei mātauranga i roto i ngā wheako roa, i ngā mātakitaki, me ngā akoranga whakawhiti-whakatupuranga. Hei tauira, ko te mahi ahuwhenua neke, e kiia ana he whakangaromanga ngahere. I ētahi horopaki, he huringa kore whenua tō te ahuwhenua neke e āhei ai te oneone kia ora anō. E whakanui ana te mātauranga taiao i te hiranga o te mārama ki ngā mahi ā-rohe mai i te tirohanga a ngā kaiwhakaari, me ō rātou whakaaro pāpori me te taiao.
Te oranga tonutanga hei take pāpori me te take tōrangapū
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia ngā take oranga tonutanga hei kaupapa matua o te ao: te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, te pūngao ma, te tiaki taiao, me te ōhanga matomato. Ahakoa he mea nui ēnei katoa, ka whakatūpato te tohunga taiao he nui ngā pānga pāpori ki ngā kaupapa here "kakariki". Hei tauira, ina tohua he rohe hei papa whenua ā-motu, hei rohe tiaki taiao rānei, ehara i te mea ko te tiaki noa i te taiao. Kei reira anō te tūponotanga o te peinga, te aukati i te urunga atu o ngā kainoho ki ngā oranga, ngā pakanga whenua rānei. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngā rangahau arohaehae ko te "tiaki pā," he huarahi tiaki taiao e wehewehe ana i te tangata mai i te taiao, me te mea he mea whakangaro te noho mai o te tangata.
I roto i te horopaki o te oranga tonutanga, ko te pātai mō te mātauranga taiao ehara i te mea ko "me pēhea te whakaora i te taiao?" anake, engari ko "ko wai e whakatau ana i ngā huarahi hei whakaora?", "ko wai e whiwhi ana i ngā painga ōhanga?", me "ko wai e pikau ana i ngā utu pāpori?". Kāore e taea te wehe i te oranga tonutanga mai i ngā whanaungatanga mana: he maha ngā wā ka whai mana nui ngā kāwanatanga, ngā umanga, ngā tari kaituku moni, me ngā whakahaere o te ao ki te hanga i te ahunga o ngā kaupapa here taiao. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā hapori o te rohe—ko te hunga e noho tata ana ki te rohe—he maha ngā wā ka iti rawa te mana whiriwhiri.
Te huringa āhuarangi me te hē o te taiao
E whakaatu ana te huringa āhuarangi i ngā rerekētanga o te ao. He maha ngā rōpū he iti noa iho ā rātou takoha ki ngā tukunga waro kei te pāngia e ngā pānga nui ake: te korenga o ngā hua, te uaua o ngā kaihao ika ki te matapae i ngā wā, te pikinga o ngā taumata o te moana e whakawehi ana i ngā tāone noho ki te takutai moana, me te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o ngā aituā wai me te rangi. Ka rangahau te tātai tangata taiao i te wheako o ngā hapori i ēnei huringa i roto i ō rātou oranga o ia rā: me pēhea tā rātou whakamārama i te huarere kore e taea te matapae, me pēhea tā rātou whakawhanake i ngā rautaki arotau (ngā urutaunga), me pēhea te whai wāhi, te whakararu rānei o ngā whatunga pāpori ki te manawanui o te hapori.
He mea nui te ariā o te "tika taiao" i konei. Ka aro te tika taiao ki te tohatoha tika o ngā mōrearea me ngā painga taiao. Hei tauira, ko te whanaketanga ahumahi e whakapoke ana i ngā awa he maha ngā wā ka pā tika ki ngā kainoho e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wai ma me te ika hei oranga mō rātou, ko ngā painga ōhanga ka rere nui ki ngā kaipupuri whakapaipai. Ka aro te mataotao taiao ki ngā reo o ngā rōpū ngoikore, tae atu ki ngā iwi taketake, ngā wāhine, ngā hapori rawakore o te tāone, me ngā kaimahi e pāngia ana e ngā huringa ōhanga matomato.
Te ao hou, ngā mākete, me ngā momo āhua noho e huri haere ana
E pā ana hoki te oranga tonutanga ki ngā huringa o ngā momo noho e hua mai ana i te ao hou me ngā mākete. Mā te whakaurunga ki roto i te ōhanga mākete ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā tauira kai, ngā pūnaha pupuri whenua, me ngā tikanga whakaputa. Hei tauira, ina huri te ahuwhenua oranga ki te ahuwhenua taonga nui, ka akiakihia te whakamahi i ngā maniua matū, te whakawātea i ngā whenua nui, te whakato rānei i ngā momo ahuwhenua kotahi. Ko ngā hua ka uru atu ki te pirau o te oneone, te ngaronga o ngā momo ā-rohe, me te pikinga o te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaimahi pāmu ki ngā whakaurunga o waho.
Ka tūhuratia e te mātauranga taiao te pānga o ēnei huringa ki ngā hanganga pāpori, arā, ngā whanaungatanga mahi, ngā tūranga ira tangata, tae atu ki ngā tikanga tuku iho. I ētahi wā, ka pāngia ngā hapori e tētahi raruraru: te pupuri i tētahi momo noho e kiia ana he "tūturu" me te whai i ngā au ohanga e oati ana ki te whiwhi moni. He onge te koretake o ēnei kōwhiringa. Ka taea e te tangata te whakakotahi i ngā rautaki, te whiriwhiri, tae atu ki te waihanga i ngā auahatanga ā-rohe hei aro atu ki ngā matea ohanga me te pupuri tonu i te pumau.
Te mātauranga ā-rohe me te pūtaiao: he pakanga, he mahi tahi rānei?
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha nui a te mātauranga taiao ko te hono i te āputa i waenga i te mātauranga ā-rohe me te pūtaiao hou. He maha ngā wā e taupatupatu ana ēnei e rua, engari he maha ngā whai wāhitanga mō te mahi tahi. Ka taea e te mātauranga ā-rohe te āwhina i te mahere i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga kino, te tirotiro i ngā huringa o te wā, me te whiriwhiri i ngā purapura e ātete ana ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ka taea e te pūtaiao hou te tāpiri atu ki tēnei me ngā raraunga āhuarangi, te hangarau aroturuki, te whakamahere tauira rānei. Ko te mahi tahi hauora me mōhio ko te mātauranga ā-rohe ehara i te "kōrero" noa iho engari he hua o te tirotiro pūnaha i roto i tētahi horopaki ahurea motuhake.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e te mahi tahi te huri hei momo kohikohi mātauranga, ka tangohia ngā mōhiohio ā-rohe me te kore e whakahoki mai i tētahi painga ki te hapori. E whakanui ana te mātauranga taiao i te hiranga o te rangahau me ngā tikanga matatika kaupapa here: te whakaae whai whakaaro, te tiritiri painga, me te whakaute i ngā tika hinengaro me ngā tika ā-rōpū o ngā hapori taketake.
Mai i ngā mahi o ia rā ki ngā kaupapa here whānui
He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia te oranga tonutanga hei kaupapa nui: ngā kaupapa pūngao hou, te whakato mangrove, te whakaora ngahere rānei. E kī ana te tohunga taiao, ka hangaia hoki te oranga tonutanga mai i ngā mahi o ia rā: te whakahaere a ngā whānau i ngā para, te whakahaere a ngā kaimahi pāmu i te wai, te tiaki a ngā hapori i ngā puna, me te whakatū a ngā kaihao ika i ngā ture hī ika. Kāore ēnei mahi e tū takitahi; ka awehia rātou e ngā tikanga pāpori, ngā whiu tikanga, te kotahitanga, me ngā pēhanga ōhanga.
Nō reira, me whakauru ngā kaupapa here pumau whai hua, me aro hoki ki ngā horopaki. He maha ngā wā ka rahua ngā kaupapa kua hoahoatia kia ōrite, nā te mea kāore e aro ki te kanorau o ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe. Ka akiakihia e te mātauranga taiao he huarahi whakauru, e whai wāhi ai ngā hapori mai i te wā whakamahere, kaua ko te hunga whai hua anake. Ehara te whai wāhi i te mea he tikanga noa iho i ngā hui, engari he tukanga hanga whakaaetanga, te whakatuwhera i te urunga atu ki ngā mōhiohio, me te whakamana i ngā mana whakahaere kua roa e mau ana.
Whakatau: he aha te hiranga o te mātauranga taiao?
He mea nui te mātauranga taiao, nā te mea e whakamahara ana i a tātou ko te raruraru taiao he raruraru o ngā whanaungatanga—i waenganui i te tangata me te taiao, engari i waenganui hoki i te tangata me te tangata. Kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te oranga tonutanga mā te whakamahi noa i ngā hangarau e pai ana ki te taiao mēnā ka mau tonu te kore taurite pāpori, te tango whenua, me te kore aro ki ngā ahurea o te rohe. Mā te mārama ki ngā tikanga ahurea, ngā hanganga mana, me ngā mahi o ia rā, ka āwhina te mātauranga taiao ki te hoahoa i ngā otinga ehara i te mea "kakariki" noa i runga i te pepa, engari he tika, he manakohia, he oranga tonutanga hoki mō te wā roa.
I tēnei ao e piki haere ana te akiaki a ngā kaupapa whanaketanga me ngā whakaritenga ōhanga, he tūāpapa nui te mātauranga taiao: te whakarongo ki ngā wheako o te hapori, te whakaute i ngā mātauranga ā-rohe, me te titiro ki te taiao hei wāhanga o te oranga pāpori. Koinei te wāhi e kore ai e taea te mārama ki te oranga tonutanga hei pepeha, engari hei tukanga tahi e hiahia ana ki te kōrero, te tika, me te kawenga i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga.
