Ngā Tikanga Whakaaturanga Toi Mamati mā te Whakamahi i te Pūmanawa
Kua hurihia e ngā whanaketanga hangarau te huarahi e hangaia ai, e pārekareka ai, e tohatohahia ai hoki e te tangata ngā mahi toi. Ko tētahi o ngā momo toi tino rongonui ko te toi matihiko, arā, ngā mahi tirohanga i hangaia, i tukatukahia rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hiko me ngā pūmanawa. I roto i te toi matihiko, ko te "whakaahua" ehara i te mea ko te whakaatu noa i ngā whakaahua ataahua, engari ko te huarahi hoki e whakamaoritia ai tētahi whakaaro ki tētahi hanganga tirohanga kaha, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te motuhake. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga whakaaturanga toi matihiko mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa, mai i te wāhanga whakamahere me te kōwhiringa taputapu tae noa ki te whakatikatika whakamutunga.
1. Kia Mārama ki te Ariā me te Kaupapa o te Whakaaturanga
I mua i te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi pūmanawa, me tautuhi ngā kaitoi matihiko i tētahi ariā: ko tēhea karere e hiahia ana rātou ki te whakapuaki, ko tēhea kare ā-roto e hiahia ana rātou ki te whakaoho, me ko wai hoki tā rātou hunga whakarongo. Ko ngā whakaaturanga whai hua e ahu mai ana i tētahi whāinga mārama. Hei tauira, ko te whakaahua mō te uhi o tētahi pukaemi e hiahia ana ki tētahi āhuarangi, tohu, me te momo āhua motuhake, ko te hoahoa pānui ia e hiahia ana ki tētahi kaupapa mōhiohio mārama.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā kaitoi e hanga ana i tētahi papa āhua (he kohinga o ngā tae, ngā kakano, ngā rama, me ngā tohutoro momo), e tuhi ana i ngā kupu matua, e hanga ana rānei i ngā tātuhinga whānui. Kāore ngā tohutoro i te whakaarohia hei tārua, engari hei āwhina i te whakatau i te ahunga tirohanga me te pupuri i te ōritetanga.
2. Te Tuhi Mamati: Te Pūtake o te Tito
Ko te tuhi te tūāpapa o te tirohanga. Mā ngā pūmanawa tuhi pēnei i a Adobe Photoshop, Krita, Clip Studio Paint, Procreate rānei, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te hanga tuhi tere mā te whakamahi i ngā paraihe māmā. Ko te painga o te tuhi matihiko ko tōna ngāwari: he ngāwari ki te muku, ki te neke i ngā huānga, ki te whakarerekē i ngā ōwehenga, me te tūhura i ngā momo hanganga maha i roto i te wā poto.
Ko ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– Te tuhi nekehanga: te hopu tere i ngā tū me ngā nekehanga.
– Te tuhi pikitia iti: te hanga tātuhinga iti hei whakamātau i ngā tito maha.
– Te ārai: te wehewehe i te horahanga o te ahua ki ngā āhua taketake hei whakatau i te wāhi, ngā mea, me te arotahi.
I te tuhi tātuhi, ko te arotahi matua ko te tito: te pūwāhi arotahi, te taurite o ngā mea, te wāhi kino, me te titiro a te kaimātakitaki. Mā te tito kaha ka ahua rere, ka noho māhorahora te mahi.
3. Toi Raina me te Koi o te Āhua
Kia whakaaetia te tito, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te waihanga toi raina (ngā raina ma). Mā te toi raina ka whakamārama i ngā āhua, ngā taipitopito, me ngā hanganga. Ko ngā tikanga tirohanga i tēnei wā e pā ana ki te māramatanga o te āhua tirohanga: mēnā he maeneene, he angiangi rānei ngā raina mō te ahua huatau, he matotoru, he māia rānei mō te ahua kaha, hihiri hoki.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakaratohia e te pūmanawa ngā āhuatanga hei āwhina i:
– Whakaū/whakamaeneene kia maeneene ake ngā rārangi.
– Paparanga wetereo (i roto i ētahi pūmanawa) kia taea ai te whakatika i ngā rārangi me te kore e whati.
– Ngā paraihe ritenga mō ngā kakano motuhake, pērā i te pene, te mangumangu rānei.
Heoi, kāore e hiahiatia ana he toi raina mō ngā mahi katoa. Ko ētahi kaitoi e pai ake ana ki te mahi peita, engari kāore he raina mārō, inā koa mō ngā whakaahua tūturu, ngā toi ariā āhuarangi rānei.
4. Tae Mamati: Te Whakahaere i ngā Papatae me te Harmoni
He taahiraa nui te tae i roto i te whakaaturanga nā te mea he nui te pānga o te tae ki te wairua. I roto i te toi matihiko, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā papatae tae kia tika ake nā te mea ka whakaratohia e te pūmanawa ngā wira tae, ngā tautuhinga uara, me ngā tautuhinga kukū.
Ngā tikanga tae noa:
– Tae papatahi: ka hoatu he tae taketake, kāore he whakarōpūtanga ki ia mea.
– Te whakakorikori me te whakaranu: ka puta he whakawhiti maeneene pērā i te māramatanga taiao.
– Te ōritetanga o ngā tae: te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa ōrite, tautoko, toru, tae kotahi rānei hei pupuri i te kotahitanga.
He maha ngā kaitoi ka tīmata ki te tā tae mā te raka i ngā wāhi motuhake mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tapahi i ngā kopare, te raka ā-ira rānei. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tāpiri i ngā rōnaki, ngā kakano, me ngā taipitopito me te kore e "haere kē".
5. Te Whakatikatika i te Mārama me te Atarangi (Te Whakamārama me te Atarangi)
Ko te rama te tikanga whakaaturanga tino hira nā te mea ka hangaia he āhua, he hohonu, me te arotahi. I roto i te pūmanawa, ka hangaia ngā atarangi mā te whakamahi i ngā paparanga motuhake me ngā aratau whakaranu pēnei i te Whakarea, te Taupoki, te Mārama Ngāwari, te Tae Dodge rānei.
Ko ētahi huarahi whakamārama:
– Atarangi cel: atarangi māia me ngā rohe mārama, e tika ana mō te momo anime, mō ngā whakaahua whakairoiro rānei.
– Atarangi ngawari: he whakarerekētanga maeneene hei hanga i te ahua tūturu, ngawari hoki.
– Mārama awhi: he mārama i te taha o tētahi mea hei wehe i te kaupapa mai i te papamuri.
– Te ārai ā-taiao: ngā atarangi i ngā wāhi whaiti pēnei i ngā kopa, i ngā kokonga rānei hei tāpiri i te hohonutanga.
Mā te mārama ki te pūtake mārama matua me te mārama whakakī ka ātaahua ake te āhua o tō mahi toi. Me aro hoki ngā kaitoi ki te uara (te mārama me te pōuri) kia kore ai e "toremi" te taonga, e ngaro rānei ngā taipitopito.
6. Te Kakano me ngā Taipitopito: Te Whakaoraora i ngā Ataata
Ka tāpirihia e ngā kakano te āhua tirohanga: ki te mata o te hiako, te papanga, te konganuku, te rakau, ki ngā taiao pēnei i te kohu me te ua. He maha ngā huarahi a te pūmanawa hei tāpiri kakano:
– Te whakamahi i te paraihe kakano (hei tauira, he paraihe taratara mō ngā kōhatu, mō te hiako rānei).
– Whakapirihia te whakaahua kakano, kātahi ka whakarerekētia te whakaranu me te opacity.
– Te tuhi i ngā taipitopito ā-ringa me ngā paparanga motuhake.
Ko te mea nui ki te kakano ko te taurite. Mā te nui rawa o te kakano ka āhua pōrearea te mahi toi, ka tahuri ke atu i te arotahi. Me tautoko te kakano i te pūrākau tirohanga, kaua e tahuri ke atu.
7. Te Whakahaere Paparanga me te Rerenga Mahi
Ko tētahi painga matua o te toi matihiko ko te whakamahinga o ngā paparanga. Mā ngā paparanga ka taea e ngā kaitoi te wehewehe i ngā huānga: ngā tātuhi, ngā toi rārangi, ngā tae, ngā atarangi, ngā rama kanapa, ngā pānga, me ngā papamuri. Mā te rerema mahi ma ka whakatairanga i te whai huatanga, ā, ka āwhina i ngā whakatikatika.
Ko ētahi o ngā mahi e whakamahia pinepinetia ana:
– Whakaingoatia te rōpū paparanga (hei tauira, “Pūāhua”, “Papamuri”, “Pānga”).
– Whakamahia he kopare hei utu mō te mukunga tuturu.
– Tiakina ngā putanga kaupapa i ia wā (v1, v2, v3) hei ārai i te tūponotanga.
Mā te whakahaere paparanga pai, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te whakamātau me te kore e wehi kei kino ngā mahi o mua.
8. Ngā Pānga Tirohanga: Te Āhua, Ngā Matūriki, me te Nekehanga
Ka taea e ngā pānga tirohanga te whakarei ake i te āhuarangi. Hei tauira, ko ngā rama neon, te māramatanga whetū, ngā matūriki puehu, te paoa, te ua rānei. Ko tētahi tikanga noa ko te peita i te pānga ki tētahi paparanga motuhake, kātahi ka whakarerekē i te aratau whakaranu.
Mō ngā mahi toi e hiahia ana ki te āhua hihiri, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te tāpiri i te pōuriuri o te nekehanga, ngā rārangi neke, te whakapōturi tirohanga rānei. Mā ngā pūmanawa pēnei i a After Effects, i a Blender rānei ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pānga pakiwaituhi, ka nui ake te rumaki me te whakakorikori o te toi matihiko.
9. Te Hanganga Whakamutunga me te Whakarōpūtanga Tae
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga ko ngā whakatikatika ā-ao pēnei i:
– Te whakarōpūtanga tae hei whakakotahi i te āhuarangi (hei tauira, ngā tae mahana, ngā tae mātao, ngā tae tawhito).
– Te whakataurite me te whakakoi kia koi ake te arotahi.
– He whakaahua poto hei aro atu ki waenganui.
– Te haruru/te kakano hei hoatu i te āhua kiriata, hei whakaiti rānei i ngā wāhi "ma" rawa.
Kei roto i te pūmanawa ngā āhuatanga paparanga whakatikatika pēnei i ngā Āwhiowhio, ngā Taumata, te Hue/Saturation, me te Taurite Tae. He tino whai hua ngā paparanga whakatikatika nā te mea kāore e whakangaro: ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā wā katoa.
10. Kaweake me te Arotau mō ngā Pāpāho Maha
Kāore te whakaaturanga toi matihiko e mutu i runga i te kānawehi matihiko; me whakarite ngā mahi toi mō ngā tūāpapa motuhake. Mō ngā pāpāho pāpori, me whai whakaaro ki te rahi me te kōpeketanga kia kore ai e pōuri. Mō te tānga, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he taumira iti rawa o te 300 DPI me te aratau tae CMYK.
Ngā hōputu kaweake noa:
– PNG mō te kounga teitei me te mārama.
– JPEG mō te rahi kōnae iti ake.
– TIFF mō ngā hiahia tānga ngaio.
– PSD/CLIP/KRA mō ngā kōnae mahi kei roto tonu ngā paparanga.
Mā te whakataurite i te hua whakamutunga ki te momo whakaputanga ka tino pai te āhua o te mahi, ā, ka ātaahua hoki.
Te Katinga
Mā ngā tikanga whakaatu toi matihiko e whakamahi ana i te pūmanawa ka whakakotahi i te pūkenga toi me te māramatanga hangarau. Mai i te whakatakoto ariā me te tito waiata, te hanga āhua me te māramatanga, ki te whakapai ake i ngā tae me ngā pānga, ka taea te mahi i ngā mea katoa me te ngāwari ake mā te āwhina o ngā āhuatanga matihiko. Heoi, he taputapu noa iho te pūmanawa; ko te kounga o te mahi e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki te koi o te whakaaro, te mahi, me te ōritetanga o te momo. Mā te rere mahi kua whakaritea pai me te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā tikanga, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te huri i ō rātou whakaaro auaha ki ngā tirohanga whakamiharo kua rite ki te pārekareka ki ngā momo pāpāho.
