Ngā Tikanga Whakairo mō te Hunga Tīmata
Ko te whakairo he tikanga tā whakairoiro e whakaputa ana i ngā whakaahua mā te "ngau" ki te mata o tētahi pereti whakarewa mā te whakamahi i tētahi otinga matū. E mōhiotia ana ngā hua mō ō rātou taipitopito whai kiko, ngā rārangi whakamīharo, me te kaha ki te waihanga i ngā panonitanga me ngā kakano e uaua ana ki te whakatutuki me ngā whakaahua tuku iho. Ahakoa he uaua te ahua, ka taea e te hunga tīmata te ako i ngā tikanga whakairo, mena ka mārama rātou ki te raupapa o te mahi, ngā taputapu tika, me ngā āhuatanga haumaru. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te hanga i tētahi tānga whakairo mai i te tīmatanga, mai i te ako i ngā rauemi ki te tā i te hua whakamutunga.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakairo
I roto i te whakairo, ka hangaia he ahua mā te tiaki i tētahi wāhanga o te mata o te pereti (te nuinga he parahi, he konutea rānei) ki tētahi paninga tiaki (hurihia). Ka kitea te konganuku i te wāhi whakairo. Ina tōia te pereti ki roto i tētahi wai whakairo, ka memeha te konganuku e kitea ana, ka hangaia he awaawa angiangi e rite ana ki ngā rārangi o te ahua. Kātahi ka pupurihia te mangumangu e ēnei awaawa i te wā o te tukanga tā. Kia horahia te mangumangu kia ōrite, kia horoia hoki te mata o te pereti, ka pēhia te pepa mākū ki te pereti mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini pēhi (tētahi atu tikanga pēhanga rānei), kia taea ai te whakawhiti i te mangumangu mai i ngā awaawa ki te pepa.
2. Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana
Mō te hunga tīmata, ka taea e koe te tīmata me ngā taputapu taketake e whai ake nei:
– Pereti whakarewa: parahi (he koi, he pakari hoki ngā hua) he konutea rānei (he iti ake te utu). Ko tētahi atu huarahi haumaru ake mō te mahi ko te pereti polymer (pereti rā), ahakoa he rerekē paku te tikanga.
– Papa whenua (paparanga tiaki): papa whenua mārō (paparanga mārō) mō ngā rārangi tika, papa whenua ngohengohe rānei mō te kakano/pānga "ngawari ake".
– Ngira whakairo: hei whakairo i te ahua.
– Te otinga whakairo: kei te āhua o te konganuku. Mō ngā tīmatanga, he maha ngā whare toi e whiriwhiri ana i ngā otinga he māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā waikawa kaha, engari me whai tikanga haumaru tino pakari.
– Waituhi tānga intaglio: waituhi motuhake mō te tānga intaglio.
– Pepa tā: pepa toi e tika ana mō te whakairo i roto i te miro (hei tauira, momo kakahu/miro).
– He mīhini tā Intaglio: he mīhini tā pai rawa atu. Ki te kore āu, ka taea e koe te mahi i roto i tētahi whare hoahoa whakairoiro, te whakamahi rānei i ngā tikanga ā-ringa mō te whakaharatau, ahakoa he rerekē te kounga i te nuinga o te wā.
– Ngā rauemi horoi: te kakahu tarlatan (he kakahu motuhake mō te muru i te mangumangu), te pepa tauera, me te hinu/waipiro kohuke e ai ki ngā hiahia o te whare mahi toi.
– Ngā taputapu haumaru: ngā karapu nitrile, ngā mōhiti tiaki, te ēperona, me te hauhautanga pai.
> He kōrero nui: He morearea ētahi matū whakairo. Mena he ako takitahi koe, he tino taunaki kia haere koe ki tētahi akomanga, kia mahi rānei i tētahi whare hoahoa whakairoiro he paerewa haumaru me te whakahaere para.
3. Te whakarite i te pereti: te horoi me te whakakanapa
He nui te pānga o te angitū o te whakairo ki te ma o te pereti. Mā ngā tohu matihao, te hinu, te puehu rānei ka piri koretake te whenua, ā, ka puta he hapa i roto i te ahua.
Ngā taahiraa whānui:
1. Tapahia te pereti kia rite ki te rahi o tāu mahi toi. Whakamaeneenehia ngā kokonga kia kore ai e koi, e haehae rānei i te pepa.
2. Horoia te mata ki te kaihoroi e tika ana (he maha ngā whare mahi e whakamahi ana i te kaihoroi hinu). Mirimiri mārire kia tino ma te mata.
3. Whakamarokehia, kaua e pā ki te wāhi o te whakaahua ki ō ringaringa kau. Whakamahia he karapu, he pupuri rānei i te taha.
Mō te hunga tīmata, ko te whakahaere i te mahi whakairo i tēnei wā ka tino āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā raruraru i te wā whakairo.
4. Tāpirihia te whenua (paparanga tiaki)
He "whakangungu" te mahi a te whenua kia pā noa te wai whakairo ki te wāhi e whakairohia ana e koe. He maha ngā huarahi hei whakamahi:
– Te oneone mārō: ka whakamahana mārire kia ōrite te horapa o te paninga tuatahi, kātahi ka pania kia angiangi ki te pereti. Kia maroke, kua rite te mata mō te peita.
– Te oneone ngohengohe: he piri tonu; he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei whakapiri i te pepa kakano, i ētahi mea rānei hei hanga tohu.
Mō te hunga tīmata e hiahia ana ki te ako i ngā rārangi, he māmā ake te mārama ki te whenua mārō nā te mea he māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā hua ka puta.
5. Te hanga i te ahua: te rakuraku ki te ngira whakairo
Kia maroke te whenua, ka tīmata koe ki te tuhi ki te ngira whakairo. I te wā e whakairo ana, ko tāu whāinga he whakaatu i te konganuku, kaua e whakairo hohonu rawa. Ko te hohonu o ngā rārangi ka whakatauhia e te roa o te wā e noho ana te pereti i roto i te wai whakairo.
Ngā tohutohu tuhi taketake:
– Whakamahia te tātuhi i runga i te pepa hei aratohu. Mēnā he angiangi, ka taea te tāpiri i te tātuhi ki raro i te pereti, ka taea rānei te whakawhiti i te ahua mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga whakawhiti.
– Kia maumahara ka hurihia te tānga (whakaata). Mena he tuhinga kei roto i te mahi, me huri te hoahoa mai i te tīmatanga.
– Waihangahia ngā momo rārangi: angiangi, matotoru, whakapūpū rānei. I roto i te whakairo, ka taea e te whakapūpū ma te hanga atarangi me te rōrahi.
6. Te tukanga whakairo: te ngau haere i te konganuku
Koinei te wāhanga matua o te tikanga whakairo. Ka rumakina te pereti ki roto i te wai whakairo, kātahi ka whakahaere i te hohonutanga o ngā rārangi i roto i te wā.
Ko tētahi tikanga noa mō te hunga tīmata ko te whakairo āta haere (te whakamutu):
1. Tōia te pereti mō te wā poto kia puta ai te rārangi māmā rawa.
2. Hiki ake, horoia, whakamaroke.
3. Taupokina (kati) ngā wāhanga kua tino mangu ki te wanihi, ki te whakamarumaru rānei.
4. Tōia anō kia hohonu ake ngā wāhanga kē atu.
Mā tēnei tikanga, ka taea e koe te waihanga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā uara mārama me ngā uara pōuri i roto i te pereti kotahi. Ka roa ake te whakairo, ka hohonu ake ngā rārangi, ā, ka nui ake te waituhi e mau ana, ka puta he tānga pōuri ake.
> Me whai tonu i ngā tikanga haumaru o te whare pikitia: kaua e hongihia ngā haunga, mau karapu me ngā mōhiti kanohi, ā, kia kore e maka noatia ngā para whakairo.
7. Horoia te whenua, ā, whakaritea mō te tā
Kia oti te mahi whakairo, me tango te whenua hei whakarite i te pereti mō te mangumangu. Horoia ki te wai horoi kounga-ā-studio kia ma ra ano te mata whakarewa, kia kitea marama hoki ngā rārangi whakairo.
I tēnei wā, ka taea e koe te whakahaere i ngā arowhai:
– He hohonu rawa te aho?
– He wāhanga paru kei reira, he mea whakairo tūpono rānei?
– Me mahi anō rānei ētahi atu whakairo, ētahi atu whakatikatika rānei?
He maha ngā huringa tā e mahia ana e te hunga tīmata, arā, te werowero, me te whakamātautau tā kia tae rā anō ki te hua e hiahiatia ana. He wāhanga noa tēnei o te tukanga ako.
8. Tukanga waituhi: whakakī i ngā awaawa whakairo
I roto i te tikanga whakakī, me uru te waituhi ki roto i ngā awaawa kua whakairohia. Ko ngā mahi:
1. Pania te waituhi ki runga i te mata katoa o te pereti, ka panaia te waituhi ki roto i ngā rārangi.
2. Horoia mārire te mata o te pereti ki te tarlatan. Ko te whāinga kia tangohia te waituhi i runga i te mata engari kia waiho te waituhi ki roto i ngā awaawa.
3. Horoia ō ringaringa kia āta horoia hei whakatika i te tae me te ma o te wāhi mārama.
Ko te tikanga muru te mea nui e whakatau ana i te āhua o te tānga. Mā te iti o te waituhi e toe ana ki te mata ka taea te hanga i tētahi pānga oro ngawari, āhuarangi hoki.
9. Whakaritehia te pepa ka tāia
Ko te pepa intaglio he mea hanga kia mākū kia ngāwari ai ngā muka, kia ngāwari ai te uru ki roto i te awaawa pereti.
Ngā taahiraa tā:
1. Ruia te pepa mō te wā poto mēnā e tika ana, kātahi ka haua ki waenganui i te pepa mimiti kia mākū ōrite.
2. Whakatakotoria te pereti ki runga i te moenga pēhi, whakatakotoria te pepa ki runga, kātahi ka tāpirihia te paraikete pēhi.
3. Whakahaerehia te mīhini perehi me te pēhanga e tika ana.
Ina hiki ake te pepa, ka kite koe i te tānga tuatahi. He wā nui tēnei mō te aromatawai: te kounga o te rārangi, te māramatanga, me te mea kei reira ētahi wāhi paru rawa, māwhero rawa rānei.
10. Te whakaoti me te ako mai i ngā taunakitanga
Ka kiia te tānga whakamātautau he taunakitanga. Me waihanga e te hunga tīmata ētahi taunakitanga kia mārama ai ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i:
– te hohonutanga o te whakairo me te taumata pōuri,
– me pēhea te muru me te horoi i ngā wāhi kanapa,
– te momo pepa me te āhua o te waituhi.
Kia makona koe, ka taea e koe te tā i tētahi putanga iti. Mō ngā kaitoi whakairoiro, ko ia tānga he tau (hei tauira, 1/10, 2/10) me te waitohu.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tikanga whakairo tānga he whakakotahitanga o te tuhi, te whakamātautau, me te whakahaere tukanga matū. Mō ngā tīmatanga, ko ngā kī ki te angitu ko ngā mea e toru: he pereti ma, he tika te tuhi ki te whenua, me te manawanui i roto i te tukanga whakairo me te whakatikatika āta haere. Ahakoa e hiahiatia ana he taputapu me ngā tikanga whakahaere, ka puta he hua motuhake me te whakamīharo i te whakairo—he kanapa ngā rārangi, he pakari ngā taipitopito, ā, he āhua motuhake ia tānga. Mena kei te tīmata noa koe, whakaarohia te ako i tētahi whare tā, i tētahi awheawhe rānei hei mōhio ki ngā tikanga me ngā mahi ārai haumaru mai i te tīmatanga.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga whaihua ake o te tuhinga (whakatakotoranga taahiraa 1–10) ki te whakarerekē rānei ki tētahi rauemi haumaru ake mō ngā tīmatanga pērā i ngā pereti polymer (ngā pereti rā).
