Ngā Whakairo Parahi Rongonui i roto i ngā Whare Taonga: Ngā Tohu Tūturu o te Hītori
He wāhi rongoa, he wāhi tiaki hoki te whare taonga tuku iho me ngā taonga tuku iho o mua mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai. I roto i ngā momo toi e whakaatuhia ana, he tūranga motuhake kei roto i ngā whakairo parahi tawhito. Nā te mea ehara i te mea ko ngā whakapakoko parahi anake e whakaata ana i te pūkenga hangarau whakamiharo me te ataahua o te āhua, engari e whakaatu ana hoki i ngā tuhinga hītori tūturu mō te hapori nāna i hanga. Ka whakaahuahia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā whakapakoko parahi tawhito rongonui ka kitea i roto i ngā whare taonga o te ao, e whai ana i ngā tohu hītori tawhito mā roto i ēnei mahi toi.
1. Te whakapakoko o “Rāwhiti” nā Donatello
Whare Taonga: Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
Ko tētahi o ngā whakapakoko parahi rongonui o te ao ko te "David" nā Donatello. I hangaia i te tīmatanga o te rautau 15, e whakaatu ana i a Rawiri, te tangata o te Paipera i hinga i a Koriata nui. Kāore i rite ki te "David" māpere o muri mai a Michelangelo, he karisma motuhake tō te putanga a Donatello, me tōna momo Gothic huatau me ngā āhua kikokore. E kiia ana hoki ko tētahi o ngā mahi whakairo tuatahi ki te whakaatu i te tū tahanga o te tangata i roto i te huarahi tino pono mai i te wā tawhito. Ko te pono me te tika o te hanganga o te whakairo e tono ana i a tātou ki te ruku hohonu ki roto i te whakaute mō te ataahua o te āhua tangata i whakahaere i te toi Renaissance.
2. Te Whakairo o "Te Hātare Kanikani"
Whare Taonga: Museo Archeologico Regionale di Palermo, Sicily
I kitea pōhēhētia te whakairo parahi "Dancing Satyr" e tētahi kaihao ika i te Moana Mediterranean i te tau 1998. Ahakoa kāore te whakapakoko i oti i tēnei wā—ko te tinana anake e toe ana—e whakaatu tonu ana te mahi toi i tētahi whakaaturanga oraora me te hihiri o te nekehanga. Ko ngā Satyr he mea hanga nō ngā pūrākau Kariki, e hono pinepine ana ki te harikoa me te whanoke. E whakaarohia ana nō te rautau 3 BC te whakairo. Ko te ataahua o te hopu i te wā kanikani i roto i te parahi e whakarato ana i te miharo ki te pehea i hopukina ai e ngā kaitoi Kariki tawhito te nekehanga me te kare ā-roto i roto i tētahi momo toi he uaua ki te hanga, ā, he mea pumau.
3. Te whakapakoko "Perseus me te Upoko o Medusa" nā Benvenuto Cellini
Whare Taonga: Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence
Kei roto i te Loggia dei Lanzi i Florence tēnei mahi toi nā Benvenuto Cellini i te rautau 16. E whakaatu ana i a Perseus e pupuri ana i te upoko o Medusa, kua tapahia nei e ia. I hangaia e Cellini tētahi whakairo e whai kiko ana, e whakaatu ana i te kaha me te maia o Perseus i tana tū atu ki a Medusa, he mea hanga pūrākau he makawe nakahi ka taea te huri i te tangata hei kōhatu mā tana titiro. Ko "Perseus me te Upoko o Medusa" tētahi tauira pai o te Mannerism, e tū ai ngā tāngata i roto i ngā momo whakaari me te whakanui rawa, e whakanui ana i te taha whakaari o tētahi kōrero.
4. Te whakapakoko o "Te Kaikōmeke e Okioki ana"
Whare Taonga: Museo Nazionale Romano, Roma
Ko "The Boxer at Rest" tētahi o ngā tauira tino whakamiharo o te whakairo parahi Hellenistic. E whakaatu ana i tētahi kaimekemeke e noho ana i muri i tētahi whawhai, kua ngenge, kua whara hoki. Ko ia taipitopito o te whakapakoko, mai i ngā uaua kua pakari ki ngā marō me ngā motu i tōna mata, e whakaatu ana i te tino pono. Ka whakahokia tātou e tēnei whakapakoko ki tētahi wā i eke ai te pūkenga whakairo ki tōna taumata teitei ki te whakaatu i ngā kare ā-tangata uaua. Mā tēnei whakapakoko, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te mamae, te ngenge, me te honore i pā ki ngā kaitākaro o te wā tawhito.
5. Te Whakairo "Ngā Parahi o Riace"
Whare Taonga: Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia, Reggio Calabria
I kitea i te takutai o Riace, Itari, i te tau 1972, ko ngā "Parahi Riace" he mea hanga mai i ngā whakapakoko toa Kariki e rua kua tiakina pai. Nō te rautau 5 BC ēnei whakapakoko, ā, e kiia ana he tauira pai o ngā whakairo Kariki, e whakaatu ana i te pūkenga o ngā tikanga whakarewa parahi. E rongonui ana ēnei whakapakoko mō ō rātou taipitopito tino ataahua me te pono, mai i te huruhuru ki ngā uaua kua pūmau. Ehara i te mea he mahi toi noa iho ēnei whakapakoko engari he taunakitanga hītori anō hoki, e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga hohonu ki te hangarau me te ataahua o Kariki onamata.
6. Te whakapakoko o "Te Wikitōria o Samothrace"
Whare Taonga: Louvre, Parī
Ahakoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te whakapakoko māpere (he kaha hoki te nuinga o ngā whakapakoko parahi), kāore e taea te wareware i te whakapakoko "Winged Victory of Samothrace". Kei ngā whare taonga huri noa i te ao ngā tauira parahi o tēnei whakapakoko Hellenistic. Kei te whakaatuhia e te whakapakoko a Nike, te atua wahine o te wikitoria, me ōna parirau e toro atu ana, e tau ana i mua i tētahi kaipuke. E whakanuia ana te whakapakoko mō tōna tika o te nekehanga me te kaha e tukuna ana e ia. Ahakoa i ēnei rā, kei te whakaoho tonu te āhua o te whakapakoko i ngā mahi toi me te hoahoa maha.
7. Te whakapakoko o “Te Kaihoe Hariata o Delphi”
Ngā Whare Taonga: Te Whare Taonga Whaipara o Delphi, Delphi
He whakapakoko rongonui tēnei nō ngā Kariki onamata mai i te tau 470 BC pea. E whakaatu ana i tētahi kaieke hōiho e tū rangatira ana, he kākahu hōiho tōna. I kitea i te tau 1896 i te taha o te temepara o Apollo i Delphi, e whakaatu ana te whakapakoko i ngā taipitopito tino taipitopito, tae noa ki te mea he kōhatu utu nui ngā kamo o ōna kanohi. Ko te "Kaieke Hōiho o Delphi" tētahi o ngā whakapakoko parahi Kariki onamata torutoru e toe ana, tata tonu ki te tino pai te āhua, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o ngā whakairo Kariki.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā whakapakoko parahi tawhito i roto i ngā whare taonga o te ao, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i tō tātou mōhiotanga ki ngā āhuatanga ataahua me ngā tikanga toi o ngā wā onamata, engari ka whakatuwhera hoki i tētahi matapihi ki roto i ngā oranga me ngā uara o ngā hapori nāna rātou i hanga. Mā roto i ēnei whakapakoko parahi tawhito, ka taea e tātou te miharo ki ngā pūkenga o ngā kaitoi onamata, me te whiwhi i te maioha hohonu mō te taonga tuku iho i mahue iho i a rātou. Hei whakaata mutunga kore o ngā wā o mua, ka whakaohooho tonu ēnei whakapakoko i ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai mō te hiranga o te hītori me te toi.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā whare taonga e whakaatu ana i ēnei mahi toi anake he wāhi whakaaturanga engari he kaitiaki wā anō hoki, e tiaki ana i ngā kōrero me te ataahua o mua hei tirohanga tonu me te ako tonu. Ko te haerenga i roto i ngā taiwhanga toi e kī ana i ngā whakairo parahi tawhito he haerenga i roto i te hītori o te ao tangata, me ia whakairo e kōrero ana i te kōrero mō ngā whakatutukitanga toi me ngā whakaaturanga ahurea o ō tātou tūpuna.
