Te Whakamahi i ngā Tikanga Whakaranu i roto i te Peita Hou
He momo toi hihiri, he maha ngā momo toi e taea te whakamahi i te peita o nāianei, e whakaata ana i ngā whakaaro hou, ngā momo kāhua, me ngā hangarau. Ka hanumi tonu te tikanga tuku iho me te auahatanga i roto i ngā mahi a ngā kaitoi o nāianei, ka puta he hua mutunga he mea whakamiharo, he mea whakamīharo hoki. Ko tētahi huarahi e tere tipu haere ana i roto i te peita o nāianei ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pāpāho whakauru. Ko tēnei tikanga ko te whakakotahi i ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga tuhi, peita rānei i roto i tētahi mahi toi kotahi, e āhei ai ngā kaitoi ki te tūhura me te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro i roto i ngā huarahi uaua ake, whai kiko ake hoki.
He Hītori Poto o te Hangarau Whakaranu
Ehara i te whakaaro hou te pāpāho whakauru; ka taea te whai i ōna pūtake mai i te wā i tīmata ai ngā kaitoi ki te whakakotahi i ngā pāpāho rerekē hei waihanga i ngā mahi ahurei me te whai tikanga. I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, ko ngā kaupapa auaha pērā i te Dadaism me te Surrealism i arahi i te whakamahinga o ngā pāpāho whakauru. I whakamahia e ngā kaitoi pērā i a Pablo Picasso rāua ko Georges Braque te collage i roto i ā rāua mahi cubist, me te whakakotahi i ngā niupepa me ētahi atu rauemi me te peita hinu i runga i te kānawehi. I whanake haere tonu tēnei tikanga i muri mai me ngā whakamātautau a Albrecht Dürer rāua ko Leonardo da Vinci, nā rāua i whakakotahi te peita tempera me te peita hinu i roto i ā rāua mahi.
I te taenga mai o te rautau 21, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā mahi toi hou e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga whakaranu, ā, kua whānui haere te whakamahinga a ngā kaitoi o te ao katoa. Inaianei, kua kitea ngā tikanga whakaranu i roto i ngā momo toi maha, mai i te peita me te whakairo ki ngā mahi toi kua tāutahia.
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i ngā tikanga whakaranu?
He maha ngā take e whiriwhiri ai ngā kaitoi i ngā tikanga whakaranu i roto i ā rātou mahi peita:
1. Te Mana Whakapuaki: Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakaranu ka taea e ngā kaitoi te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro i roto i te huarahi whānui ake, hihiri ake hoki. Kāore rātou e herea ki tētahi momo rauemi, ki tētahi tikanga rānei, ā, ka taea e rātou te tūhura i ngā momo kakano, tae, me ngā āhua.
2. Ngā Ahu Hou: Ka taea e ngā tikanga whakaranu te tāpiri atu i ngā ahu ki tētahi mahi toi. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi toru-ahu ki runga i tētahi mata rua-ahu ka hangaia he hōhonutanga me ngā tirohanga hou e kore e taea te whakatutuki mā te peita noa.
3. Te Whai Hua o te Kakano me te Tae: Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi rerekē pēnei i te pepa, te papanga, te konganuku, te rakau, me ētahi atu huānga taiao ka taea te hanga i tētahi whai hua o te kakano me te tae e kore e taea te whakatutuki mā te peita tuku iho anake.
4. Te Wehe i te Tikanga Tuku Iho: Kei te rapu tonu ngā toi o nāianei i ngā huarahi hei wero i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Mā ngā tikanga whakaranu ka taea e ngā kaitoi te whakakore i ngā rohe tuku iho, me te waihanga i tētahi mea hou, taketake hoki.
Ngā Tikanga Whānui i roto i te Peita Whakaranu
Anei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te peita toi whakaranu:
1. Whakaahua Tāpiri: Ko te whakapiri i ngā rauemi maha pērā i te pepa, ngā whakaahua, ngā wahi papanga, me ētahi atu rauemi ki runga i te kānawehi. Ka taea e te whakaahua tāpiri te tāpiri i ngā kōrero me ngā horopaki ki te mahi toi, kia pai ake ai te tirohanga.
2. Te mahi whakairo: He rite ki te mahi whakairo, engari e whakamahi ana i ngā taonga āhua-toru pērā i te konganuku, te rakau, ētahi atu taonga o ia rā hei waihanga mahi toi.
3. Te Whakakorekore: He tikanga mō te whakapaipai i ngā mata mā te tapahi me te whakapiri i ngā paparanga pepa, he mea pania ki te wanihi hei hanga i tētahi āhua maeneene, kanapa.
4. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pāpāho Mamati: I tēnei ao hou, he maha ngā kaitoi e whakamahi ana i te hangarau matihiko hei waihanga i ngā mahi toi pāpāho-whakauru. Ka taea e rātou te whakakotahi i ngā huānga matihiko me te peita tuku iho, ka hangaia he whakakotahitanga e whakakotahi ana i ngā mea pai o ngā ao e rua.
5. Whakawhiti Whakaahua: Ko tēnei tikanga he whakawhiti i tētahi whakaahua mai i tētahi rauemi ki tētahi atu, pērā i te pepa ki te kānawehi. He maha ngā huarahi ka taea te mahi i tēnei, tae atu ki te whakamahi i tētahi rauemi tiēre, i tētahi wai whakawhiti motuhake rānei.
Te Whakamahinga Whaihua o te Hangarau Whakaranu
Hei mārama ki te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga whakauru i roto i te mahi, anei ētahi mahi taketake hei whai:
1. Te Whakarite i te Kanawe: Tīmata mā te whakarite i tō kanawe. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko te whakakī i te kanawe ki te gesso, ki tētahi atu rauemi rānei hei whakatakoto i tētahi turanga pai mō ngā rauemi ka whakamahia e koe i muri mai.
2. Kōwhiria he Pāpāho me he Tikanga: Whakatauhia te huinga o ngā pāpāho me ngā tikanga e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e koe te tīmata me te peita kiriaku hei turanga, kātahi ka tāpirihia ētahi atu rauemi pēnei i te pepa, i te papanga rānei.
3. Waihangahia he Tātuhi Taketake: Waihangahia he tātuhi taketake o tō whakaaro, o tō tito rānei. Ka noho tēnei tātuhi hei aratohu mō te whakatakotoranga o ngā huānga whakauru.
4. Pania he Paninga Turanga: Pania he paninga peita turanga ki te kānawehi. Mā tēnei ka hoatu he tae papamuri me te kakano mō ngā rauemi kē atu ka tāpirihia e koe.
5. Tāpirihia ngā Huānga Whakaranu: Tīmatahia te tāpiri i ō huānga whakaranu kia rite ki te hanganga kua whakaritea. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kāpia motuhake mō ngā rauemi toi, i tētahi rauemi tiēre rānei hei whakapiri i ngā rauemi.
6. Te Whakamātautau me te Whakatikatika: Kaua e wehi ki te whakamātautau. Mā ngā tikanga whakaranu ka māmā ake ngā whakatikatika me ngā whakapainga i te whakamahi i te rauemi kotahi. Mena kāore e pai te ahua o tētahi huānga, ka taea e koe te tāpiri, te whakakapi rānei ki tētahi atu rauemi.
7. Te Whakaoti: Kia oti ngā mea katoa te whakanoho, pania he paninga tiaki pēnei i te wanihi mēnā e tika ana. Mā tēnei ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te kounga me te pakari o tō mahi toi.
He Toi Rongonui o Nāianei me ngā Tikanga Whakaranu
He maha ngā kaitoi o nāianei kua whakamahi angitu i ngā tikanga whakaranu hei waihanga i ngā mahi whakamiharo:
– Robert Rauschenberg: Ko tētahi o ngā paionia i roto i te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga whakaranu, e mōhiotia ana a Rauschenberg mō āna mahi e whakakotahi ana i ngā peita, ngā tānga, me ngā taonga o ia rā.
– Anselm Kiefer: E whakamahi ana tēnei kaitoi Tiamana i ngā rauemi pēnei i te uku, te kakau witi, me te pungarehu i roto i ana peita, e hanga ana i ngā mahi toi whai kiko me te hohonutanga wairua.
– Mark Bradford: E mōhiotia ana a Bradford mō tana whakamahi i ngā rauemi rerekē pērā i ngā pepa pānui hokohoko, ngā pānui, me ētahi atu taonga o ia rā i roto i ana peita. He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana ana mahi i ngā take pāpori me ngā take tōrangapū.
Whakamutunga
Mā te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga whakaranu i roto i te peita o nāianei ka puta he huarahi hou mō te tūhuratanga toi me te whakapuakitanga. Mā te herekoretanga ki te whakakotahi i ngā momo pāpāho me ngā tikanga, ka taea e ngā kaitoi te waihanga i ngā mahi toi me te hohonutanga mutunga kore, te kakano, me te kōrero. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake tēnei tikanga i te ataahua tirohanga me te ataahua o te peita engari ka taea hoki te tūhura i ngā kaupapa uaua e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki mā te whakamahi i ngā pāpāho tuku iho. Mā te tūhura tonu me te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga hou i roto i ngā tikanga whakaranu, ka taea e ngā kaitoi o nāianei te waihanga i ngā mahi toi auaha me te whakaoho whakaaro.
