Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi whakairo mō te toi whakairoiro
Ko te whakairo he tikanga tā e whakaputa ana i ngā whakaahua mā te "ngau" (te whakahoro) i te mata o tētahi pereti whakarewa mā te whakamahi i tētahi otinga waikawa, i tētahi kaihoko whakairo rānei. He rongonui tēnei tikanga mō tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i ngā rārangi angiangi, i ngā taipitopito whai kiko, me ngā āhuatanga tirohanga motuhake—mai i ngā whiu ngawari ki ngā kakano whakamiharo. Mō ngā kaitoi whakairoiro, he whakakotahitanga whakahihiri o te whakahaere ringa (mā te tuhi) me ngā tauhohenga matū (mā te tukanga whakairo). Ka hipokina e tēnei tuhinga te taahiraa i te taahiraa me pēhea te hanga i tētahi whakairo mō te mahi tā, mai i te whakarite taputapu ki te tukanga tā.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakairo
I roto i te whakairo, ka hangaia te ahua ki runga i tētahi pereti (he parahi, he konutea, he maitai rānei te nuinga) kua pania ki tētahi paparanga tiaki ātete-waikawa, ki tētahi paparanga tiaki ātete-waikawa rānei. Kātahi ka "tuhi" te kaitoi ki tētahi ngira whakairo hei tango i te paparanga tiaki, ka kitea te konganuku. Ina tōia te pereti ki roto i tētahi wai whakairo, ka memeha te konganuku e kitea ana, ka hangaia he awaawa. Kātahi ka pupuri ēnei awaawa i te mangumangu, ka whakawhitia ki te pepa mā te pēhanga o tētahi mīhini perehi.
He maha ngā momo whakairo, pērā i te whakairo whenua mārō (whakairo rārangi), te whakairo whenua ngohengohe (mō te āhua kakano/āhua tohu rauemi rite ki te pene), me te aquatint (mō ngā wāhi oro/pōuri-mārama). Heoi, mō te hunga tīmata, ko te whakairo rārangi me te whenua mārō te taahiraa tuatahi māmā ki te mārama me te mahi.
2. Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana
I mua i te tīmatanga, whakaritea ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi e whai ake nei:
– Ngā pereti whakarewa: parahi (he tino pai ngā hua, he nui ake te utu), te konutea rānei (he iti ake te utu; he tere ake te tukanga).
– He pepa kirikiri angiangi, he pumice rānei hei whakangawari, hei horoi hoki i te pereti.
– Kaiwhakakore hinu: ka taea te whakamahi i te hopi rihi, te uku mā, te kaihoroi motuhake rānei.
– He paparanga mārō (he paparanga tiaki ātete-waikawa) me te roera/paraihe hei whakataurite, hei huri rānei hei wai.
– He ngira whakairo, he taputapu koi rānei, pumau.
– Te otinga whakairo: te waikawa hauota i ngā wā o mua (ko te tikanga mō te konutea), te konupora whanariki (ko te tikanga mō te parahi; he māmā ake te whakahaere).
– He ipu kirihou (ehara i te mea whakarewa) mō te kaukau whakairo.
– Ngā karapu nitrile, ngā mōhiti tiaki, te ēperona, me te hauhautanga pai.
– Waituhi tā Intaglio.
– Pepa tā toi (hei tauira, pepa whakairo motuhake).
– He kakahu Tarlatan (he kakahu horoi waituhi), he kāri kirihou/rapa hei hiki i te waituhi, me te kakahu ngohengohe.
– He mīhini whakairo, he mīhini rānei hei whakamahi (engari ko te hua pai rawa atu he mīhini whakairo).
– Hinu/whakarewa horoi haumaru e ai ki te taunakitanga a te whare toi mō te horoi i te mangumangu me te huri.
Tuhipoka haumaru: He waikura ngā mea whakairo. Mahi i roto i tētahi wāhi e pai ana te hau, kakahuria he taputapu tiaki, karohia te pa ki te kiri, ā, rongoatia ngā matū kia rite ki ngā ture. Mena kei te mahi koe i te kāinga, whakaarohia te whai i ngā tikanga a tētahi whare whakairoiro kua whakatū i ngā SOP mō te whakakorenga para me te haumaru matū.
3. Whakaritea te pereti: kia maeneene, kia ma, kia kore he hinu.
He nui te pānga o te whakarite pereti ki te kounga o te whakairo. Ko ngā mahi:
1. Whakamaeneenehia ngā taha o te pereti: Whakamahia he pepa kirikiri hei whakapiko i ngā taha o te pereti kia kore ai e haehae te pepa i te wā e tā ana.
2. Te oro i te mata (kāore e hiahiatia): Mena he rakuraku taratara te pereti, orohia mārire kia maeneene ina hiahiatia.
3. Te tango hinu: Horoia te pereti ki te tango hinu. Mā te hinu mai i ō maihao ka piri koretake te whenua, ka turuturu hoki te whakairo.
Kia horoia, kaua e pā atu ki te mata o te pereti ki ō ringaringa kau. Puritia mai i te taha, mau rānei he karapu.
4. Taupokina te pereti ki te oneone mārō
He "whakangungu" te paparanga whenua hei tiaki i te konganuku mai i te wai whakairo. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te whenua totoka (kua pania, kua whakamahanatia) i te whenua wai rānei (he pai ake te mahi).
– Mēnā he whenua totoka te whakamahi: ka whakamahana mārire te pereti (hei tauira, i runga i te pereti wera e ai ki ngā paerewa o te whare pikitia), kātahi ka mirimiri kia ōrite te whenua, ka whakatauritea mā te whakamahi i te roera.
– Ki te mea he wai te whenua: horahia, hurihia rānei kia ōrite, kātahi ka waiho kia maroke kia rite ki ngā tohutohu mō te hua.
Ko te whāinga he paparanga angiangi, he paparanga ōrite. Mēnā he matotoru rawa te paparanga, ka kore e tere te aro o te rārangi ina tuhia; mēnā he angiangi rawa ka turuturu te rārangi i te wā e whakairohia ana.
5. Te hanga i te ahua: te waru i te whenua ki te ngira whakairo
Kia maroke te whenua, kua tae ki te wā ki te tuhi:
1. Whakatauhia te hanganga. Ka taea e koe te tuhi i tētahi tātuhi ki te pepa i te tuatahi.
2. Kia maumahara ka hurihia te tuhinga (whakaata). Ki te tāpirihia he tuhinga, me huri te tuhinga ki runga i te pereti.
3. Whakamahia he ngira whakairo hei whakairo i te whenua kia kitea rā anō te konganuku. Pēhia kia nui: ko te mea nui kia ma te hiki o te whenua, kaua e whakairo hohonu te konganuku.
Whakarerekētia ngā rārangi: angiangi, matotoru, matotoru, koretake rānei. Ko te hohonutanga o ngā awaawa ka whakatauhia nuitia e te roa o te wā e noho ana te pereti i roto i te wai whakairo (te wā ngau).
6. Te tukanga whakairo: te "ngau" i te pereti ki te wairewa
Ngā taahiraa whakairo taketake:
1. Taupokina ngā wāhi kāore koe e hiahia kia whakairohia. Ka hipokina hoki e ētahi kaitoi te tuara o te pereti ki te rīpene, ki te wanihi rānei hei ārai i te whakairo.
2. Whakaritea te paepae whakairo (ipu kirihou) me te otinga e hiahiatia ana.
3. Tōia mārire te pereti ki roto i te wai whakairo.
4. Aroturukihia te wā. Ka roa ake te rārangi, ka hohonu ake, ka nui ake te waituhi e mau ana (ka pōuri ake/ka mārama ake te hua).
5. Mā te whakaoho mārie (te neke mārire i te wairewa/pereti) ka āwhina kia ōrite te whakairo, i runga i te momo wairewa.
6. Hiki ake, ka horoia ki te wai rere i muri i te wā e tika ana.
Hei whakarerekē i te matotoru o te rārangi, ka taea e koe te whakamutu: i muri i ētahi meneti, tangohia te pereti, horoia, whakamarokehia, kātahi ka hipokina ngā rārangi kua hohonu kē ki te wanihi/whakamutu. Kātahi ka toua anō kia hohonu ake ngā wāhanga kē. Mā tēnei tikanga ka hangaia he mahi whai rawa, he mahi whakahaere hoki.
7. Te horoi i te whenua (te tango i ngā rau)
Kia oti te whakairo, ā, kia horoia te pereti, me tango te whenua hei whakarite i te pereti mō te mangumangu. Whakamahia he whakarewa/horoi e tika ana mō te momo whenua. Horoia kia ma te mata whakarewa, kia kitea mārama hoki ngā awaawa whakairo.
Me whakarite kia maroke rawa te pereti i mua i te tukanga mangumangu.
8. Te tā i te pereti me te muru
He tikanga whakatō te whakairo: ka uru te waituhi ki ngā wāhi kōpiko (ngā awaawa). Ko te tukanga e whai ake nei:
1. Tāpirihia te waituhi ki te mata o te pereti mā te whakamahi i tētahi kāri kirihou, i tētahi kakahu rānei, kia tino uru te waituhi ki roto i ngā awaawa katoa.
2. Horoia te waituhi taikaha i runga i te mata mā te whakamahi i te squeegee (ngā nekehanga porowhita, nekehanga kotahi rānei pērā i te tikanga).
3. Horoi ā-ringa whakamutunga ki te kakahu ngohengohe, ki te nikau rānei o tō ringaringa (me ngā karapu angiangi) kia whiwhi ai i te ma o te mata e hiahiatia ana.
– Ki te mea he ma ake te pereti: he koi ake ngā hua.
– Ki te waiho kia paku "kohu" (te tae o te pereti): ka āhuarangi ake te hua.
Mā tēnei wāhanga e whakatau te āhua o te tānga, kia taea ai e koe te whakamātau.
9. Te tā ki te mīhini perehi
Me whakamakuku te pepa whakairo kia ngāwari ake ai, kia "uru" ai ki roto i ngā awaawa o te pereti.
1. Ruia te pepa mō te wā poto, kātahi ka haua ki waenga i ngā rau ma kia mākū rawa (kia kaua e maturuturu).
2. Whakatakotoria te pereti mangumangu ki runga i te moenga pēhi.
3. Whakatakotoria te pepa haukū ki runga i te pereti, kātahi ka hipoki ki te paraikete pēhi (paraikete) e ai ki te tahora whakakī paerewa.
4. Whakahaerehia mā roto i te mīhini perehi me te pēhanga tika.
Hiki mārire te pepa mai i tētahi kokonga kia kite i ngā hua. He whakamātautau noa iho te tānga tuatahi; ka taea e koe te whakarite i te murunga, te matotoru o te waituhi, te pēhi rānei i te pēhi.
10. Te whakaoti, te whakatika me te tiaki i ngā pereti
I muri i te whiwhi i te hua e hiahiatia ana:
– Tukua kia maroke te pokepoke kia ōrite (ka taea te pēhi mārire ki raro i te papa/pepa mimiti kia kore ai e piko).
– Ki te whakaputahia he putanga, tuhia ngā tau (hei tauira, 1/10), te taitara, te tau, me te waitohu i raro i te tuhinga.
– Horoia te pereti i ngā toenga waituhi. Ka taea te tiaki i te pereti mō ētahi atu tānga, ka taea rānei te "whakakore" ina oti te whakaputanga.
Ngā tohutohu nui mō te hunga tīmata
1. Tīmata ki tētahi hoahoa māmā kia mārama ai koe ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā whiu, te wā whakairo, me ngā hua tā.
2. Tuhia te wā whakairo me ngā hua. He tino āwhina tēnei tuhinga mō ngā kaupapa ā muri ake nei.
3. Kaua e whakaititia te whakaiti i te hinu. He maha ngā hapa o te whakairo nā te mea he hinuhinu tonu te pereti.
4. Whakamātauria mārire. Whakamātauria te whakamutu i te whakamahi i te tae pereti, te muru rānei i ngā momo rerekētanga kia kitea ai tō momo kāhua.
Te Katinga
Ko te hanga whakairo mō te tānga he tukanga e whakakotahi ana i te tika, te whakamātautau, me te aro toi. Mai i te whakarite i te pereti, te whakamahi i te whenua, me te tuhi ki te ngira, ki te tukanga whakairo me te tā, ka hangaia e ia wāhanga he āhua ahurei e uaua ana ki te tārua me ētahi atu tikanga. Mā te mārama ki ngā tikanga taketake me te pupuri i te haumaru, ka taea e koe te whakaputa whakairo koi, whakaatu, me te whakaatu. Kia mōhio koe ki te whakairo rārangi, ka taea e koe te neke atu ki te aquatint, ki ētahi atu tikanga intaglio rānei hei whakarei ake i te reo tirohanga o tō mahi.
