Ngā Hononga ā-Ao me te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro
Kua noho te whanaketanga tauwhiro hei tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o te whakahaere ā-ao o te rautau 21. I a ngā whenua e pāngia ana e te raruraru āhuarangi, te kore taurite ohaoha, ngā pakanga rauemi, me ngā pēhanga ki te hauora tūmatanui, kua kitea kāore i te rawaka ngā huarahi whanaketanga e whai ana i te tipu ohaoha anake. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao: ko ēnei raruraru kei tua atu i ngā rohe, nō reira me mahi tahi ngā rohe katoa, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te whakapakari i ngā umanga ā-ao mō ngā otinga whai hua. Arā, ehara te whanaketanga tauwhiro i te take ā-rohe noa iho, engari he kaupapa tahi a te hapori o te ao.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whanaketanga tauwhiro e pā ana ki ngā mahi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te whakatupuranga o nāianei me te kore e whakararu i te kaha o ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai ki te whakatutuki i ō rātou ake hiahia. E whakanui ana tēnei ariā i te taurite i waenga i ngā pou matua e toru: te ōhanga, te pāpori, me te taiao. I roto i te mahi, ka tutukihia tēnei taurite mā roto i ngā kaupapa here e whakatairanga ana i te tipu whānui, e whakaiti ana i te rawakore me te kore taurite, me te pupuri i te kaha kawe o ngā rauropi. Heoi, nā te mea he ao whānui te hokohoko, te haumi, te hekenga, ngā tukunga waro, me ngā rerenga hangarau, ka tūtaki tonu te kaupapa whanaketanga tauwhiro ki ngā hihiri o ngā whanaungatanga o te ao.
Ko tētahi o ngā anga matua o te ao ko ngā Whāinga Whakawhanake Tauwhiro (SDG), i whakaaetia e te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao i te tau 2015. E 17 ngā whāinga o ngā SDG, mai i te whakakorenga rawakore, te mātauranga kounga, me te ōritetanga ira tangata ki te mahi āhuarangi, ngā rauropi moana, me ngā hononga ā-ao. E whakanui ana ngā SDG me mahi tahi ngā whenua, ngā whakahaere o te ao, te rāngai tūmataiti, me te hapori whānui mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Mai i te tirohanga whanaungatanga o te ao, e whakaatu ana ngā SDG i te āhua o te hanganga o ngā tikanga ā-ao mā te whiriwhiringa, te whakaaetanga, kātahi ka whakamaoritia ki ngā kaupapa here ā-motu.
E pā ana hoki ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao ki te whakahaere taiao o te ao. Ko te huringa āhuarangi te tauira tino kitea: ka pāngia te ao katoa e ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi i roto i tētahi whenua. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao pērā i te Whakaaetanga o Parī hei whakarite i ngā herenga ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, te urutau, me te putea āhuarangi. Heoi, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o ēnei. He rerekē ngā kaha me ngā kawenga o mua o ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua whakawhanake. Ko te tautohetohe mō ngā "kawenga noa engari he rerekē" e whakaatu ana ehara i te mea ko te pūtaiao me te hangarau anake ngā whiriwhiringa āhuarangi, engari ko te tika, te hītori o te ahumahi, me te tiritiri i ngā utu.
I roto i te ao o te ōhanga tōrangapū o te ao, ka awehia te whanaketanga tauwhiro e te hoahoa hokohoko me te haumitanga o te ao. Mā te ao whānui ka taea e ngā whenua whakawhanake te uru atu ki ngā mākete, ki te whakapaipai, me te hangarau, engari ka taea hoki e ia te whakaoho i te "whakataetae ki raro" ina pehia ngā paerewa taiao me te mahi hei kukume i te haumitanga. Nō reira, he maha ngā whenua me ngā poraka ōhanga e akiaki ana kia whakauruhia ngā wāhanga taiao ki roto i ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko. Kei te tīmata ngā kaupapa here pēnei i ngā paerewa tapuwae waro, te tiwhikete hua tauwhiro, me ngā mekameka tuku kore-ngaherehere ki te awe i te hokohoko taonga. Mō ngā whenua kaweake, ka taea e ēnei tono te whakaatu i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te whakanui ake i te uara tāpiri me te ingoa pai, engari ka taea hoki e rātou te noho hei arai ina iti te kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te putea whakawhiti.
Ko ngā take pūtea kei te pūtake o te whanaketanga tauwhiro, ā, he wāhi nui hoki mō ngā whanaungatanga o te ao. He maha ngā whenua whakawhanake e hiahia ana ki te haumi nui ki te hanga hanganga matomato, ki te whakawhānui i te pūngao hou, ki te whakapakari i ngā pūnaha hauora, me te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga kai. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai ngā umanga o te ao pēnei i te World Bank, te IMF, me ngā peeke whanaketanga rohe mā roto i ngā nama, ngā takoha, me te tautoko hangarau. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kaupapa pūtea āhuarangi—pēnei i te Green Climate Fund—kua hangaia hei āwhina i ngā whenua ngoikore ki te aro atu ki ngā pānga o te raruraru āhuarangi. Heoi, ko ngā take nama, ngā tikanga nama, me te whakawhirinakitanga pūtea ka arahi pea ki te whakahē he pānga tōrangapū te pūtea o te ao i ētahi wā. Nō reira, ko te māramatanga, te kawenga, me te whakahaere tika he mea nui ki te whakarite kia tautoko pono te mahi tahi pūtea i te tauwhiro.
He mea nui anō hoki te whakawhiti hangarau me te auahatanga puta noa i ngā rohe mō te angitu o te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Ka taea e te pūngao o te rā, te rokiroki pākahiko, te ahuwhenua tika, me ngā pūnaha whakatūpato mō ngā aituā te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Heoi, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakawhiti hangarau nā te mea he arai mō ngā mana pupuri taonga hinengaro, he iti te kaha o ngā rauemi tangata, me te kore taurite o te urunga ki te rangahau. I roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao, he rautaki nui te mahi tahi ki te rangahau, te mātauranga, me te whakangungu hei whakawhāiti i te āputa. Ka taea e ngā kaupapa karahipi, ngā mahi tahi ki ngā whare wānanga, me ngā rōpū rangahau puta noa i ngā rohe te whakatere i te horapa o ngā hangarau matomato me te hanga mana motuhake ki te auahatanga i roto i ngā whenua whakawhanake.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he hononga tata te whanaketanga tauwhiro ki te rangimārie me te haumarutanga o te ao. He maha ngā pakanga o ēnei rā e whakaohokia ana, e whakanuia ana rānei e te pakanga mō ngā rauemi taiao, te whakahekenga o te taiao, me te kore taurite o te hapori. Ka taea e te raruraru āhuarangi te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o ngā aituā me te korenga o te wai, ka puta ai te hekenga ā-ture me ngā taupatupatu i waenga i ngā hapori. I roto i te anga o ngā whanaungatanga o te ao, e whakanui ana te ariā o te "haumarutanga tangata" ehara i te mea he take hōia anake te haumarutanga, engari he tiaki hoki i ngā tūmomo matekai, ngā mate, me ngā aituā. Nō reira, kei te piki haere te hiranga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te ārai pakanga, te mahi tahi ki te whakahaere awa whakawhiti-rohe, me te whanaketanga whai muri i te pakanga e ahu mai ana i te tauwhirotanga.
Kei te kaha haere te mana o ngā kaiwhakaari kore-kāwanatanga. Mā roto i ngā mekameka tuku o te ao, ka awehia e ngā kamupene maha-motu ngā tukunga o te ao, ngā tauira whakaputanga, me ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ka taea e ngā NGO, ngā pāpāho, me ngā kaupapa hapori te akiaki i ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kamupene kia mārama ake, kia haepapa hoki. I tēnei wā, kei te hanga whatunga o te ao ngā tāone nui hei whakawhitiwhiti i ngā mahi pai, pērā i te kawe iti-tukunga, te whakahaere para, me ngā wāhi matomato. I roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao o nāianei, kāore te mana motuhake o ngā kāwanatanga ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero; he maha ngā kaiwhakaari kei te whai wāhi ki te hanga i ngā tikanga me ngā kaupapa here o te ao e tautoko ana i te pumau.
Mō Indonesia, ka hono ngā whanaungatanga o te ao me te whanaketanga tauwhiro ki ngā take rautaki pēnei i te whakawhiti pūngao, te tiaki ngahere, te ōhanga kikorangi, me te haumarutanga kai. Hei whenua moutere me te nui o te kanorau koiora, he nui te hiahia o Indonesia ki te whawhai ki te parahanga moana, te whakawhanake i ngā mahi hī ika tauwhiro, me te whakanui ake i te manawanui ki te pikinga o te taumata moana. I taua wā anō, me whai rautaki whakawhiti tika te whanaketanga me te waihanga mahi. Ka taea e te mahi tahi o te ao te tautoko i tēnei mā te haumi ki te pūngao whakahou, te hanga kaha hangarau, me te urunga mākete mō ngā hua tauwhiro. Heoi anō, me whakarite hoki a Indonesia kia rite ngā mahi tahi o te ao ki ngā kaupapa matua o te motu, kia kaua e whakararu i ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā kaihao ika iti, me te whakaute i ngā tika o ngā hapori taketake.
Ahakoa tōna kaha nui, he maha ngā wero kei mua i te kaupapa whanaketanga tauwhiro i roto i te ao o ngā whanaungatanga o te ao. Tuatahi, ka taea e ngā taupatupatu whenua te aukati i te mahi tahi o te ao, hei tauira, ina pāngia ngā tikanga putea me ngā paerewa hangarau e ngā whakataetae mana nui. Tuarua, ka hangaia he āputa whakatinanatanga nā te kore taurite o te kaha i waenga i ngā whenua: ka taea e ētahi whenua te neke tere ki te pūngao ma, ko ētahi e aukatihia ana e te iti o te putea me te hanganga. Tuatoru, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te "horoi matomato" ina he kōrero noa iho ngā herenga tauwhiro me te kore he huringa tuturu. Tuawhā, ka taea e ngā raruraru o te ao pēnei i te mate urutā te huri i te aro me ngā tahua, ko te whakaoranga ōhanga me aro ki tētahi huarahi matomato me te whānui ake.
Hei whakamutunga, he hononga hohonu ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao me te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Mā ngā whanaungatanga ā-ao ka whakaratohia te ao whiriwhiri, ngā tikanga, me ngā umanga e āhei ai te mahi tahi ki te aro atu ki ngā wero whakawhiti-rohe. I taua wā, mā te whanaketanga tauwhiro ka whakaratohia te aronga matatika me te kaupapa here: me taurite te tipu, me whai rawa te tangata, ā, me tiaki te taiao. Ko te angitu o tēnei kaupapa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakapau kaha tahi, te pūtea taurite, te whakawhiti hangarau whakauru, me te whakahaere mārama o te ao. I roto i tētahi ao e hono haere ana, kāore te tauwhiro e waiho hei kōwhiringa - he whakaritenga matua hei whakarite i tētahi heke mai haumaru me te ora mō te katoa.
