סטטיקת נוזלים - בעיות ופתרונות

סטטיקת נוזלים - בעיות ופתרונות

Liquid pressure

1. What is the difference between the hydrostatic pressure of blood between the brain and the soles of the feet of a person whose height 165 cm (suppose the צפיפות of blood = 1.0 × 10³ kg / m³, תאוצה עקב כוח הכבידה = 10 מטר/שנייה²)

ידוע:

Height (h) = 165 cm = 165/100 m = 1.65 meters

Density of bloods (ρ) = 1.0 × 10³ kg / m³

תאוצה עקב כוח הכבידה (g) = 10 מטר/שנייה²

מבוקש: liquid pressure

פתרון:

P = ρ gh

P = (1.0 × 10³)(10)(1.65)

P = (1.0 × 10⁴)(1.65)

P = 1.65 x 10⁴ N / m²

Pipe U

2. A U pipe is initially filled with water than on one pipe filled with oil, as shown in the figure below. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³. If the height of oil is 8 cm and the height of the water is 5 cm, what is the density of oil?

ידוע:

Density of water = 1000 kg.m^-3

גובה המים (h₂) = 5 ס"מ

The height of oil (h₁) = 8 ס"מ

מבוקש: צפיפות השמן

פתרון:

ρ₁ ג'₁ =ρ₂ ג'₂

ρ₁ h₁ =ρ₂ h₂

(1000)(5) = (ρ₂)(8)

5000 = (ρ₂)(8)

ρ₂ = 625 ק"ג.מ"ר^-3

3. A U pipe was first filled with kerosene then added water. If the mass of kerosene is 0.8 grams/cm³ ו צפיפות המים is 1 gram/cm³ and the cross sectional area is 1.25 cm². Determine how much water should be added so that the height difference of the kerosene surface is 15 cm

A. 9 ml

B. 12 ml

C. 15 ml

D. 18 ml

ידוע:

Density of kerosene (ρ₁) = 0.8 gram/cm³

צפיפות המים (ρ₂) = 1 gram/cm³

Sectional area of the pipe = 1.25 ס"מ²

The height difference of the surface of kerosene (h₁) = 15 ס"מ

מבוקש: נפח מים

פתרון:

גובה המים (h₂):

ρ₁ ג'₁ = ρ₂ ג'₂

(0,8)(15)(1)(h₂)

h₂ = 12 ס"מ

Volume of water :

V = (Sectional area of the pipe)(height of water)

V = (1.25 ס"מ²)(12 cm)

V = 15 ס"מ³

1 liter = 1 dm³ = 10³ cm³

1 mililiter = 10^-3 לִיטרs = (10^-3)(10³) ס"מ³ = 1 ס"מ³

Volume of water is 15 cm³ = 15 mililiters

התשובה הנכונה היא C.

4. A pipe U filled with water with density of 1000 kg/m³. One column of pipe U filled with glyserin with density of 1200 kg/m³. If the height of glyserin is 4 cm, determine the height difference of both columns of the pipe.

0.8 ס"מ

ב. 4 ס"מ

כ-8 ס"מ

D. 12 ס"מ

ידוע:

צפיפות המים (ρ₁) = 1000 ק"ג/מ"ר³

Density of glycerin (ρ₂) = 1200 ק"ג/מ"ר³

Height of glycerin (h₂) = 4 ס"מ

מבוקש: The height difference of both columns of the pipe.

פתרון:

The height of the column of the pipe (h₁):

ρ₁ h₁ = ρ₂ h₂

(1000)(h₁) = (1200)(4)

(1000)(h₁) = 4800

h₁ = 4.8 ס"מ

The height difference of both columns of the pipe U = h₁ - ח₂ = 4.8 ס"מ – 4 ס"מ = 0.8 ס"מ

התשובה הנכונה היא A.

5. צינור U has two ends are open filled with water עם a mass of 1 גרם / ס"מ³. The sectional area along the pipe is the same, that is 1 cm². Someone blows on one end of the foot of the pipe so that the משטח של the water at the other foot rises 10 cm from its original position. If מה היא האצה due to gravity is 10 m/s2 then לקבוע הכוח acted by that אדם.

A. 20 kilodyne

B. 10 kilodyne

C. 2 kilodyne

D. 1 kilodyne

ידוע:

Change all units to the International system.

צפיפות המים (ρ₁) = 1 gr/cm³ = 10^-3 kg / 10^-6 m³ = 10³ kg / m³

Cross sectional area of pipe (A) = 1 cm² = 10^-4 m²

The change of column of pipe (h) = 10 cm = 1 dm = 10^-1 m

תאוצה עקב כוח הכבידה (g) = 10 מילישניות^-2 = 10¹ גְבֶרֶת^-2

Volume of moved water (V) = (A)(h) = (1 cm²)(10 cm) = 10 cm³ = (10¹)(10^-6 m³) = 10^-5 m³

מבוקש: Force (F) acted by the person.

פתרון:

The force that acted by that person = weight of water with a height of 10 cm

F = w

F = m g —–> Equation of density : m = ρ V

F = ρ V g

ו = (10³)(10^-5)(10¹)

ו = (10⁴)(10^-5)

F = 10^-1 Newton —–> 1 Newton = 10⁵ דין

ו = (10^-1)(10⁵ dyne)

F = 10⁴ דין

F = 10 kilodyne

התשובה הנכונה היא ב'.

6. A Y-shaped tube is inserted upside down so that the left foot and right foot are immersed in two kinds of liquid. After both feet are immersed in the liquid, then the top of the Y pipe is closed with the finger and pulled upwards, so that the two legs of the Y pipe are filled with a column of different high-density liquids. If the density of the first liquid is 0.80 gram.cm^-3 and the second density is 0.75 gram.cm^-3, and the lower liquid column is 8 cm, then לקבוע the height difference between the two liquid columns on U pipe.

1.0666 ס"מ

ב. 0.9375 ס"מ

כ-0.3533 ס"מ

D. 0.5333 ס"מ

ידוע:

Density of first liquid (ρ₁) = 0,80 gram.cm^-3

Density of second liquid (ρ₂) = 0,75 gram.cm^-3

The height of the lower liquid (h₁) = 8 ס"מ

מבוקש: The height difference between the two liquid columns on U pipe

פתרון:

The height of the higher liquids (h₂):

ρ₁ h₁ = ρ₂ h₂

(0.80)(8) = (0.75)(h₂)

6.4 = 0.75 (h₂)

h₂ = 6.4/0.75

h₂ = 8.5 ס"מ

The height difference of liquids = h₂ - ח₁ = 8.5333 ס"מ – 8 ס"מ = 0.5333 ס"מ

התשובה הנכונה היא ד.

Buoyant force

7. A stone with the volume of 0.5 m³ placed in a liquid with the density of 1.5 gr cm^-3. Acceleration due to gravity is 10 m s^-2. What is the buoyant force?

ידוע:

נפח האבן (V) = 0.5 מ"ר³

Density of water (ρ) = 1.5 gr cm^-3 = 1500 ק"ג מ"ר^-3

תאוצה עקב כוח הכבידה (g) = 10 מילישניות^-2

מבוקש: buoyant force (F_A)

פתרון:

The equation of the buoyant force :

F_A = ρ g V = (1500 kg m^-3)(10 m s^-2)(0.5 מ'³) = 7500 ק"ג מטר לשנייה² = 7500 ניוטון

לָצוּף

8. A block of ice float in the sea as shown in the figure below. The density of sea is 1.2 gr cm^-3 and density of ice is 0.9 gr c^-3. The volume of ice in sea water = ……. x the volume of ice in the air.

ידוע:

Density of sea (ρ_ים) = 1.2 gr cm^-3

Density of ice (ρ_קֶרַח) = 0.9 gr c^-3

מבוקש: The volume of ice in sea water = ……. x the volume of ice in the air.

פתרון:

The volume of ice in sea = 0.75

The volume of ice in air = 0.25

The volume of ice in sea water = 3 x the volume of ice in air (3 x 0.25 = 0.75).

9. An object float in a liquid where 2/3 of the object in the liquid. If the density of the object is 0.6 gr cm³, then what is the density of water.

ידוע:

The part of the object in liquid = 2/3

Density of object = 0.6 gr cm³ = 600 ק"ג מ"ר³

מבוקש: the density of the liquid (x)

פתרון:

The density of the liquid is 900 kg m³

10. A wood float in water, where 3/5 part of wood in the water. If the density of water is 1 × 10³ kg / m³, what is the density of wood?

ידוע:

Part of object in water = 3/5

Density of water = 1×10³ kg / m³ = 1000 ק"ג/מ"ר³

מבוקש: The density of wood (x)

פתרון:

The density of wood is 600 kg/m³ = 6 x 10² kg / m³

1. What is fluid statics?
   • תשובה: Fluid statics, also known as hydrostatics, is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at rest and the forces exerted by static fluids on immersed objects and container walls.
2. How does pressure in a fluid vary with depth?
   • תשובה: In a static fluid, pressure increases linearly with depth due to the weight of the fluid column above any given depth. The change in pressure with depth is given by $\Delta P=\rho gh$, שם $\rho$ is the fluid density, $g$ is the gravitational acceleration, and $h$ is the depth.
3. What is Pascal’s principle?
   • תשובה: Pascal’s principle states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container.
4. How does a hydraulic lift work based on fluid statics principles?
   • תשובה: A hydraulic lift utilizes Pascal’s principle. When a small force is applied to a small piston, it creates a pressure in the fluid. This pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid, exerting a much larger force on a larger piston, enabling the lift to raise heavy objects with relatively little effort.
5. What is buoyant force and how is it related to fluid statics?
   • תשובה: The buoyant force is the upward force exerted by a fluid on any immersed object. According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
6. Why do objects float or sink in fluids?
   • תשובה: Whether an object floats or sinks depends on the relationship between the buoyant force and the object’s weight. If the buoyant force (due to the displaced fluid) is greater than the object’s weight, it will float. If the object’s weight is greater, it will sink.
7. What is the concept of hydrostatic pressure?
   • תשובה: Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It increases linearly with depth in the fluid, and is calculated as P=P₀​+ρgh, שם P₀​ is the pressure at the surface, $\rho$ is the fluid density, $g$ is the gravitational acceleration, and $h$ is the depth.
8. How is atmospheric pressure related to fluid statics?
   • תשובה: The atmosphere can be thought of as a fluid. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air above a given point. It decreases with altitude, similar to how pressure in a liquid decreases as one moves upward in the fluid column.
9. What role does the shape of a container play in the pressure distribution of a static fluid within it?
   • תשובה: In fluid statics, the pressure at a given depth depends only on the height of the fluid column above that depth, not on the shape of the container. Thus, pressure at a specific depth is the same regardless of the container’s shape.
10. What is the significance of the hydrostatic paradox?

• תשובה: The hydrostatic paradox highlights that in fluid statics, the force exerted by a static fluid on the bottom of a container depends only on the height of the fluid column, not its volume or the shape of the container. Thus, very different containers with the same fluid height exert the same pressure at their base, even if they hold different amounts of fluid.