Odeakwụkwọ Maxwell ji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nweta usoro nhazi ike. A na-akpọ ya usoro n'ihi na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe nnwale. Nhazi ike pụtara nkesa nhata nke ike.
Ike kinetic nke nsụgharị sitere na mmegharị ntụgharị, nke nwere ihe atọ dị na ọsọ: axis x, axis y, na axis z. Ihe atọ ndị a bụ ihe mere nọmba 3 ji apụta na nha anya dị n'elu. A na-akpọ ihe ọ bụla dị na ọsọ ogo nnwere onwe. N'ihi na e nwere ihe atọ dị na ọsọ, ike kinetic nke nsụgharị nwere ogo nnwere onwe atọ.
Usoro equipartition nke ike na-ekwu na a ga-ekesa ike ahụ n'otu aka ahụ n'etiti ọkwa nnwere onwe niile. Ya mere, nkezi ike maka ọkwa nnwere onwe ọ bụla bụ 1⁄2 kT.
Mkpụrụ ndụ gas Monatomic
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke Monatomic gas na-arụ naanị mmegharị ntụgharị ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke monatomic gas nwee ogo nnwere onwe atọ.
Ike kinetic nkezi maka molekul ọ bụla nke gas monatomic bụ:
3 (1⁄2 kT) = 3/2 kT = 3/2 nRT.
Ike okpomọkụ nke monatomic gas molekul:
C = 3/2 R = 3/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 12,47 J/Kg.K
Mkpụrụ ndụ gas diatomic
Na mgbakwunye na mmegharị ntụgharị, molekul gas diatomic na-arụkwa mmegharị ntụgharị na ịma jijiji. Ọnụọgụ ogo nnwere onwe maka mmegharị ntụgharị = 3. Ogo ole nke nnwere onwe maka mmegharị ntụgharị na ịma jijiji?
E nwere axes atọ nke ntụgharị, ya bụ axes x, y na z. Ngagharị ntụgharị gburugburu axes x adịghị na mgbakọ ahụ n'ihi na atọm abụọ mejupụtara molekul ahụ na-adakọ na axes ntụgharị. Mgbe ha dabara na axes x, oge nke inertia nke atọm abụọ ahụ = 0. Ya mere, ọnụọgụ nke ogo nnwere onwe maka mmegharị ntụgharị = 2.
Ike nkezi maka molekul gas diatomic ọ bụla bụ:
3 (1⁄2 kT) + 2 (1⁄2 kT) = 5/2 kT = 5/2 nRT.
Ike okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ gas diatomic:
C = 5/2 R = 5/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 20,79 J/Kg.K
Ike okpomọkụ molekul nke e nwetara n'echiche dị ntakịrị karịa ikike okpomọkụ n'ezie. 
Mkpụrụ ndụ gas diatomic nke e nwetara site na nnwale.
Mgbe ha na-ama jijiji, molekul gas diatomic nwere ụdị ike abụọ: ike kinetic na ike elastic potential. Ya mere, ọnụọgụ nke ogo nnwere onwe maka mmegharị vibrational bụ 2.
Ike nkezi maka molekul gas diatomic ọ bụla bụ:
3 (1⁄2 kT) + 2 (1⁄2 kT) + 2 (1⁄2 kT) = 7/2 kT = 7/2 nRT.
Ike okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ gas diatomic:
C = 7/2 R = 7/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 29,1 J/Kg.K
Biko jiri nsonaazụ a tụnyere ike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas diatomic enwetara n'ime nnwale. Ihe dị iche dị mkpa. molekul gas diatomic nwere ogo nnwere onwe 7 (nsụgharị, ntụgharị, na mmegharị mkpọtụ), ya mere ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas diatomic enwetara n'ime nnwale kwesịrị ịdị ihe dịka 29,1 J/Kg.J.
Mmetụta nke mmegharị ahụ na ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas diatomic dabere na oke okpomọkụ (T). E mere nnwale ndị gara aga n'ofe oke okpomọkụ dị warara. Nnwale ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ofe oke okpomọkụ sara mbara egosila na ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas daberekwa na oke okpomọkụ. Iji ghọta okwu a nke ọma, ka anyị lelee mgbanwe dị na ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas hydrogen na okpomọkụ dị iche iche.
Mgbanwe dị na ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas hydrogen na okpomọkụ dị iche iche.
Haịdrojiin (H)2) gụnyere gas diatomic. Foto dị n'akụkụ na-egosi mgbanwe dị na ikike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas hydrogen na okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Uru ikike okpomọkụ molekul nke 5/2 R = 20,79 J/Kg.K dị naanị na oke okpomọkụ nke ihe dị ka 250 K ruo 750 K. N'okpuru 250 K, ikike okpomọkụ molekul nke gas hydrogen na-ebelata mgbe niile ruo mgbe ọ ruru 3/2 R = 12,47 J/Kg.K. N'aka nke ọzọ, karịa 750 K, ikike okpomọkụ molekul nke gas na-abawanye mgbe niile ruo mgbe ọ ruru 7/2 R = 29,1 J/Kg.K.
Dabere na eziokwu a, anyị nwere ike ikwu na n'okpomọkụ dị ala, molekul gas na-eme naanị mmegharị ntụgharị. Ozugbo okpomọkụ ahụ mụbara, molekul gas na-eme mmegharị ntụgharị. N'okpomọkụ dị elu, molekul gas na-adakọ ibe ha, na-eme ka atọm ndị mejupụtara molekul ahụ mee mmegharị ịma jijiji. Ya mere, ụdị mmegharị atọ a na-eme n'ọkwa, nke mbụ bụ mmegharị ntụgharị (okpomọkụ dị ala), mgbe ahụ ntụgharị + ntụgharị (okpomọkụ dị n'etiti), na n'ikpeazụ ntụgharị + ntụgharị + ịma jijiji (okpomọkụ dị elu). Mmegharị ịma jijiji na-eme naanị mgbe molekul gas na-adakọ ibe ha.
Nke a abụghị naanị gas hydrogen, kama ọ na-emetụtakwa gas ndị ọzọ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na ike okpomọkụ nke molekul gas na-agbanwekwa ka okpomọkụ na-aga. Mgbanwe ndị a yiri nke gas hydrogen na-enweta, mana n'ihi na nhazi nke gas ọ bụla dị iche (ọnụọgụ na ụdị atọm ha nwere), mgbanwe na ikike okpomọkụ na-emekwa n'elu oke okpomọkụ dị iche iche.
Usoro equipartition nke ike na-ekwu na ike niile ga-adịrịrị n'otu n'otu n'ogo nnwere onwe ọ bụla. N'eziokwu, ike ndị ọzọ nke molekul gas na-enweta anaghị ekesa n'otu n'otu n'ogo nnwere onwe ọ bụla, kama a na-ekesa ya nwayọ nwayọ. Ọzọkwa, nha anya maka ikike okpomọkụ molekul nke gas, nke anyị nwetara n'ụzọ echiche dabere na ozizi kinetic nke gas, na-ekwu na ikike okpomọkụ molekul dabere naanị na R (1/2 R maka ogo nnwere onwe ọ bụla). N'eziokwu, ike okpomọkụ (T) na-emetụtakwa ikike okpomọkụ molekul.
Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ nkwubi okwu. Nke mbụ, equipartition theorem nke ike sitere na usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke oge ochie, nke dabere na iwu nke usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Newton. Nke abụọ, usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke gas, nke anyị ji akọwa mmegharị nke molekul gas, daberekwa na iwu nke usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Newton. Ebe ọ bụ na emebiela usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke ike na usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke gas, enwere ike ikwubi na iwu nke usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Newton enweghị ike ịkọwa mmegharị nke na-eme na ọkwa atọm ma ọ bụ molekul. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Newton, ma ọ bụ usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke oge ochie, nwere ike ịkọwa mmegharị nke ihe na nnukwu nha.
