Usoro Mmepụta Plastik Thermosetting na Ngwa Ya na Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrọniki
Plastik thermosetting (ma ọ bụ thermosets) bụ otu polima ndị na-agbanwe kemịkalụ mgbe niile mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-eme ka ha dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-emepụta nhazi netwọk akụkụ atọ (njikọ cross-linking). N'adịghị ka thermoplastics, nke enwere ike ịgbaze ma gbanwee ya ugboro ugboro, plastik thermosetting, ozugbo "siri ike," enweghị ike ịgbaze ya na-enweghị mmebi. Ihe onwunwe a na-eme ka plastik thermosetting dị mma karịsịa maka ngwa ndị chọrọ oke iguzogide okpomọkụ, nkwụsi ike nha, na ezigbo iguzogide eletriki - njirimara ndị dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ eletrọniki.
Isi Njirimara nke Plastik Thermosetting
Tupu anyị ekwu maka usoro nrụpụta, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe kpatara eji ahọrọ thermosetting n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwa eletrọniki:
1. Ọ naghị eguzogide okpomọkụ ma ọ naghị adị nro ngwa ngwa: Ozugbo ọ gwọrọ, ihe ahụ na-anọgide na-adị mma na okpomọkụ ọrụ dị elu karịa ọtụtụ thermoplastics.
2. Nkwụsi ike dị elu: Mbelata na mgbanwe dị ala, dị mkpa maka ihe ndị dị mkpa.
3. Ezigbo ihe mkpuchi eletriki: Ọtụtụ resin thermosetting nwere ike dielectric dị elu na iguzogide dị elu.
4. Nguzogide kemịkalụ na mmiri: Ọ dị mma maka ichebe sekit site na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emebi emebi ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri.
5. Ike na nrụaka igwe: Ọ na-esi ike nke ukwuu, ọkachasị mgbe ejiri eriri (dịka ọmụmaatụ fiberglass) mee ka ọ sie ike.
Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama nke thermosetting: epoxy, phenolic (Bakelite), melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, unsaturated polyester, na thermosetting polyurethanes.
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Usoro Izugbe nke Usoro Mmepụta Plastik Thermosetting
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị iche dabere na ụdị resin, n'ozuzu usoro nke imepụta ngwaahịa thermosetting na-agafe usoro ndị a.
1. Nhazi Resin: Ịchọpụta "Ntụziaka" Ihe E Ji Mee Ya
Usoro a na-amalite site n'ịhọrọ ihe e ji emechi ihe na ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike/na-agwọ ọrịa. N'oge a, ndị nrụpụta na-agbakwụnyekwa ihe mgbakwunye iji gbanwee ihe ndị a:
– Ihe ndị na-ejupụta ihe dị ka silica, calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate: mee ka ike dịkwuo elu, belata ọnụ ahịa, melite ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ.
– Mmesi ike (ike) dịka eriri iko, eriri carbon, aramid: na-eme ka ike nrụgide na iguzogide mmetụta dịkwuo elu.
– Ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ: dị mkpa maka ụkpụrụ nchekwa eletrọniki (dịka ọmụmaatụ UL 94).
– Agba: njirimara agba na akụkụ.
– Ihe mkpali/ihe ngwa ngwa: na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.
– Plasticizer (n'ụdị ụfọdụ): na-achịkwa mgbanwe.
– Ihe na-ejikọ ọnụ: na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti resin na ihe na-emeju ihe/na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
Usoro a dị oke mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ eletrọniki n'ihi na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ga-emezu ihe ndị siri ike dịka iguzogide okpomọkụ, arụmọrụ dielectric, na iguzogide mmiri.
2. Ịgwakọta na iwepụ ihe
A na-eji igwekota ihe eji emepụta ihe eji eme ihe (igwekota ụwa, igwekota ihe dị elu, ma ọ bụ igwe ndọta abụọ maka sistemụ ụfọdụ). Maka ngwa eletrọniki, a na-emekarị ka ikuku ghara ịdị ọcha iji wepụ afụ ikuku. Afụ nwere ike ịbụ ebe adịghị ike mechanical ma kpatara nsogbu eletriki (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mwepụ akụkụ na ihe mkpuchi).
3. Ịkpụzi/Ịkpụzi
N'adịghị ka thermoplastics, nke a na-agbazekarị ma gbanye ya n'ime mmiri, resin thermosetting na-etolite mgbe ọ ka dị mmiri mmiri/viscous ma ọ bụ n'ụdị preform (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe mejupụtara granular/pellet maka ịkpụzi mkpakọ). Usoro nhazi a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
a. Ịkpụzi Mkpakọ
A na-etinye ihe ndị e ji thermoset mee (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ndị e ji phenolic molding mee) n'ime ebu ọkụ wee pịa ya. Okpomọkụ na nrụgide na-akpalite ịgbaze ruo mgbe ngwaahịa ahụ siri ike.
– Uru: dabara adaba maka ihe eletriki dịka switches, ụfọdụ housings, na insulators.
– Ihe ọghọm: usoro nhazi ahụ nwere ike ịdị ogologo karịa ịkpụzi thermoplastic injection.
b. Nnyefe Nhazi
Dịka ọ dị na ịkpụzi ihe n'ime ite, a na-ekpo ọkụ ihe ahụ n'ime ite wee "bufee" ya n'ime oghere ebu site na ọwa. A na-eji usoro a eme ihe nke ukwuu maka itinye ihe ndị mejupụtara semiconductor (IC packaging) site na iji epoxy resin molding components.
– Uru: ejuputa ebu karịa maka ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya.
- Ọ dị oke mkpa maka ngwugwu IC, diodes, transistors.
c. Mmegharị Ntụtụ Mmeghachi omume (RIM)
A na-agwakọta ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa mmiri mmiri (dịka ọmụmaatụ polyurethane) ma gbanye ha n'ime ebu, ebe ha na-emeghachi omume ma sie ike n'ime.
– Dabara adaba maka ihe ndị chọrọ ngwakọta nke ike na ibu dị mfe.
– A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ eletrọniki nke chọrọ iguzogide gburugburu ebe obibi.
d. Ịcha ákwà na itinye ihe n'ime ite
Maka ihe dịka FR-4 (ihe e ji plastik mee na epoxy + PCB substrate), usoro a gụnyere itinye ákwà fiberglass ahụ na epoxy resin (prepreg), wee tinye ya na nrụgide na okpomọkụ.
- Mmepụta: mpempe akwụkwọ laminate maka PCB, nwere ezigbo ihe onwunwe dielectric na iguzogide okpomọkụ.
4. Ịgwọta: Isi ihe dị na nhazi okpomọkụ
Ịgwọ ọrịa bụ usoro njikọ njikọta nke na-eme ka resin gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike na-adịgide adịgide. Enwere ike ịkpalite ọgwụgwọ site na:
- Okpomọkụ (ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ)
– Ihe mkpali/ihe osooso
- radieshon UV (maka ụfọdụ resins pụrụ iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ epoxy a na-agwọ UV na ụfọdụ ngwa)
- Nchikota nke okpomọkụ na oge (a na-emekarị ọgwụgwọ mgbe a gwọchara ya iji nweta ihe kacha mma)
Paramita nhazi dị mkpa:
– Okpomọkụ ebu/oven
- Oge ọgwụgwọ
- Nrụgide (maka ịkpụzi)
– Resin: ihe siri ike
- Profaịlụ kpo oku (mgbago elu) iji gbochie oghere ma ọ bụ mgbawa n'ihi mmeghachi omume exothermic
N'ụlọ ọrụ eletrọniki, njikwa ọgwụgwọ na-ekpebi ịdị mma: ọgwụgwọ na-ezughị oke nwere ike ibute mmebi, mgbawa, isi ihe fọdụrụ, ma ọ bụ mbelata mkpuchi eletriki.
5. Mmecha, Ịrụzi na Njikwa Ogo
Mgbe etinyere ya n'ime ite, akụkụ ahụ nwere ike ịdị iche:
- ịkpụcha (ịkpụcha ọkụ)
- ịkụnye ihe/ịrụ ọrụ (na laminates ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ihe)
- mkpuchi ọzọ ma ọ bụ mkpuchi
- nyocha akụkụ na anya
Njikwa mma maka ngwa eletrọnịkị na-agụnyekarị:
- ule ike dielectric
- ule nledo na nguzogide arc
- ule iguzogide okpomọkụ
- ule nnabata mmiri
- nnwale ntụkwasị obi (ịgbagharị okpomọkụ, nnwale ịma jijiji, nnwale ịka nká)
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Ngwa Thermosetting na Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrọniki
1. Nkwakọba na Ngwugwu Semiconductor
Epoxy resin bụ ihe e ji akpụzi ihe a na-ahọrọ maka sekit ndị a na-ejikọta ọnụ. Ọrụ ya bụ:
- na-echebe ibe na njikọ waya site na mmiri, uzuzu na mmetụta
- na-enye nkwụsi ike n'ime igwe
- na-enyere aka iwepụ okpomọkụ (karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere ya na ihe na-eme ka okpomọkụ na-eduzi dịka alumina)
A na-ejikarị ịkpụzi mbufe eme ihe maka imepụta ngwugwu IC n'ọtụtụ ebe.
2. PCB (Bọọdụ Sekit Ebipụtara)
FR-4 epoxy-fiberglass laminate bụ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ. Uru ya:
- mkpuchi eletriki dị elu
- ezigbo nkwụsi ike akụkụ
- usoro soldering na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
- ike igwe zuru oke iji kwado ihe ndị dị na ya
E wezụga FR-4, e nwekwara laminates ndị e ji phenolic mee (nke bara uru karịa) maka ngwa eletrọniki dị mfe, ọ bụ ezie na arụmọrụ ha dị ala.
3. Ịkwanye ite na mkpuchi kwekọrọ
A na-eji thermosetting eme ihe maka ite (ijupụta na "ịkpọchi" sekit na resin) na ihe ndị na-enye ike, ndị na-anya LED, ihe mmetụta, ma ọ bụ modulu ụgbọala. Uru ya gụnyere:
- nchedo megide mmiri, mkpọtụ na kemịkalụ
- gbochie ohere anụ ahụ (mgbochi mmebi)
- na-eme ka mkpuchi dịkwuo elu ma na-ebelata ihe egwu nke sekit dị mkpirikpi
4. Ihe ndị na-egbochi ihe na ngwa eletriki
A na-eji resin phenolic, melamine, ma ọ bụ epoxy eme ihe maka:
- ịgbanwee ụlọ
- ngọngọ nkwụsị
- ihe mkpuchi
- akụkụ ndị chọrọ iguzogide okpomọkụ na iguzogide arc
Thermosets dị mma nke ukwuu n'ihi na ha anaghị adị nro mgbe okpomọkụ mpaghara dị elu.
5. Ngwakọta Elektrọnik
A na-ejikwa epoxies thermosetting dị ka:
- ihe nrapado nhazi maka ihe mejupụtara
- jupụta na BGA/CSP iji mee ka iguzogide ịgbagharị okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu
- tinye ihe nrapado n'ọtụtụ ụdị ngwugwu semiconductor
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Ihe Ịma Aka na Usoro Mmepe
N'agbanyeghị uru ya, thermosetting nwere oke: ọ na-esiri ike ịmegharị ya n'ụzọ igwe n'ihi na enweghị ike ịgbaze ya ọzọ. Ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na:
- usoro VOC dị ala ma dịkwa mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi
– thermosets nwere ikike de-bonding ma ọ bụ netwọk ike (vitrimers) nke dị mfe ịhazigharị
- mmụba nke ike okpomọkụ maka mkpa ngwaọrụ dị elu
- mbelata nrụgide dị n'ime iji zere mgbawa na ngwugwu semiconductor ọgbọ ọhụrụ
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Mmechi
Usoro mmepụta maka plastik thermosetting na-elekwasị anya na nhazi na nhazi resin, nke na-eme ka usoro njikọ na-adịgide adịgide. Usoro imepụta dịka ịkpụzi mkpakọ, ịkpụzi mbufe, RIM, na lamination na-enye ohere ka thermosets chọta ngwa ngwa n'ihe gbasara eletrọniki - site na nkwakọ ngwaahịa IC na PCBs ruo na itinye modulu na ọbụna ihe mkpuchi. Ebe eletrọniki ọgbara ọhụrụ na-achọwanye iguzogide okpomọkụ, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, na nkwụsi ike nha, thermosetting ka bụ ihe dị mkpa, na-akwalite ihe ọhụrụ maka arụmọrụ ka mma na nkwado.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ, enwere m ike ịgbanwe akụkọ a ka ọ bụrụ ụdị teknụzụ ka mma (na ihe atụ nke paramita ọgwụgwọ, ụdị hardener epoxy, ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ UL/IPC) ma ọ bụ ụdị ewu ewu maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ozuzu.
