Isiokwu gbasara Nguzogide
Banyere ọkụ eletrik, a tụlere njupụta nke ọkụ eletrik, otú ahụ ka akọwara ubi eletrik n'isiokwu gbasara ọkụ eletrik. Ọdụ eletrik na ọkụ eletrik dị n'ime ihe na-eduzi ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ọdịiche dị na ihe na-eduzi ya, ebe ọ bụrụ na enweghị ọdịiche dị, mgbe ahụ enweghị ọkụ eletrik na ọkụ eletrik.
N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eduzi ígwè niile, oghere eletrik ahụ dabara kpọmkwem na njupụta nke ọkụ eletrik, ebe oke nke ọkụ eletrik na njupụta nke ọkụ eletrik na-adịgide adịgide. A na-akpọ uru nke ntụnyere nke ọkụ eletrik na njupụta ugbu a resistive. N'ime mgbakọ na mwepụ, a na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọkụ eletrik, njupụta ugbu a, na nguzogide na nha nhata:
ρ = E / J
ρ = iguzogide, E = ubi eletriki , J = njupụta ugbu a
Otu n'ime usoro eletriki bụ E = V/d ebe V = ọdịiche ike eletrik = voltaji eletrik na d = anya ka nkeji ubi eletrik bụrụ Volt/mita (V/m). Usoro nke njupụta ugbu a bụ J = I/A ebe I = ọkụ eletrik na A = mpaghara obe nke onye na-eduzi ya, yabụ nkeji nke njupụta ugbu a bụ Ampere/mita squared (A/m 2 ). Nha nhata nke nguzogide bụ ρ = E/J ka nkeji nguzogide bụ V/m : A/m 2 = V/mxm 2 / A = V/A (m) = Ω m (gụọ: Ohmmeter). Ω = Volt / Ampere bụ nkeji nke nguzogide eletriki.
Uru kachasị nke iguzogide bụ nke ihe mkpuchi eletriki ma ọ bụ, ebe obere ihe mgbochi bụ nke ezigbo onye na-eduzi eletriki nwere. Ka onye na-eduzi eletriki na-enye ọkụ eletrik ka mma, otú ahụ ka nguzogide nke ụdị onye na-eduzi ígwè dị obere. Usoro nke ndị na-eduzi ígwè nwere nguzogide kachasị ukwuu ruo obere bụ tin, ígwè, aluminom, ọlaedo, ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha. Ya mere, a pụrụ ikwubi na uru nguzogide nke ihe na-egosi nha nke ikike ihe ahụ nwere igbochi ọkụ eletrik.
Ọ bụrụ na onye na-eduzi ihe dị mma ma na-erubere iwu Ohm isi, n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, uru iguzogide ihe anaghị adabere na mpaghara eletriki, nke pụtara na ọ bụrụ na mpaghara eletriki agbanwee uru iguzogide ihe anaghị agbanwe. N'aka nke ọzọ, maka ndị na-eduzi ihe na-anaghị agbaso iwu Ohm, uru iguzogide ihe na-adabere na mpaghara eletriki, nke pụtara na ọ bụrụ na oke mpaghara eletriki agbanwee, uru R na-agbanwekwa.
Nguzogide nke ihe na-eduzi ígwè dabere na okpomọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ ígwè amụba, nguzogide nke ígwè na-abawanye, ebe ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ ígwè ebelata, nguzogide nke ígwè na-ebelata. Ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, atọm na-agagharị ngwa ngwa ma na-ahazi ha n'usoro na-adịghị mma ka ha wee gbochie mmegharị nke elektrọn, na-eme ka mmiri nke elektrọn na-aga nwayọ nwayọ. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-ebelata, atọm na-agagharị nwayọ nwayọ ma na-ahazi ha mgbe niile ka mmiri elektrọn wee dị nro.
Ihe megidere nke resistive bụ conductivity. N'ime mgbakọ na mwepụ, a na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti resistive na conductivity site na usoro nha anya:
σ = 1/ ρ
σ = njikwa nke onye na-eduzi ihe, ρ = iguzogide.
Ngụkọta nke iguzogide bụ Ωm nke mere na nkeji nke njikwa bụ 1 / Ωm = (Ωm) -1
Uru kachasị ukwuu nke conductivity bụ nke onye na-eduzi eletriki, ebe obere conductivity bụ nke insulator eletriki ma ọ bụ onye na-eduzi eletriki na-enweghị ike nwe. Ka onye na-eduzi eletriki na-enye ọkụ eletrik ka mma, otú ahụ ka conductivity nke onye na-eduzi ya na-akawanye mma. Usoro nke ndị na-eduzi ígwè nwere conductivity kachasị ukwuu ruo nke kacha nta bụ ọlaọcha, ọla kọpa, ọlaedo, aluminom, ígwè, tin. Ya mere, a pụrụ ikwubi na uru nke conductivity nke ihe na-egosipụta nha nke ikike nke ihe ahụ nwere ibu ọkụ eletrik. Silver nwere nnukwu conductivity mana ọ dị oke ọnụ nke na a na-ejikarị ọla kọpa eme ihe dị ka onye na-eduzi eletriki.
