Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Na-ekwu Maka Ọkwa Ebili Elektrọmagnetik
Pendahuluan
Igwe eletriki bụ oke nke ụdị redio eletriki niile. Igwe eletriki bụ ike nke na-agafe n'ime oghere n'ụdị ebili mmiri. Ihe atụ nke radieshon eletriki gụnyere ìhè a na-ahụ anya anyị na-ahụ, ebili redio eji eme nkwukọrịta, na radieshon X-ray eji eme ọgwụ. Isiokwu a ga-enye ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke nsogbu ndị na-atụle ụdị redio eletriki iji nyere aka ịghọta echiche ndị bụ isi na ojiji ha na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.
Ọwa Electromagnetic
Tupu anyị abanye n'ajụjụ na mkparịta ụka ihe atụ, ka anyị lelee obere oge elektrọnik spectrum. A na-ekewa spectrum a n'ọtụtụ ụdị dabere na ogologo ma ọ bụ ugboro ole, ya bụ:
1. Ebili redio: Ogologo ebili mmiri dị site na ihe dị ka milimita 1 ruo kilomita 100. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ihe gbasara nkwukọrịta redio na telivishọn.
2. Ngwa ndakwa nri: Ogologo ebili mmiri sitere na milimita 1 ruo mita 1. A na-eji ya eme ihe na radar na ngwa ndakwa nri.
3. Infrared: Ogologo ebili mmiri sitere na nanomita 700 ruo otu milimita. A na-eji ya na njikwa anya, igwefoto ọhụụ abalị, na ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ.
4. Ìhè A Na-ahụ Anya: Ogologo ebili mmiri ahụ sitere na ihe dị ka nanomita 400 ruo 700. Nke a bụ ụdị spectrum anya mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ.
5. Ultraviolet: Ogologo ebili mmiri dị site na nanomita 10 ruo 400. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka ime ka a ghara ịmịcha ọbara na nchọpụta ọrịa.
6. X-ray: Ogologo ebili mmiri sitere na nanomita 0.01 ruo 10. A na-eji ya eme ihe na onyonyo ahụike.
7. Gamma Rays: Ogologo ebili mmiri na-erughị nanomita 0.01. A na-eji ya agwọ ọrịa kansa.
Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka Ihe Nlereanya
Ajụjụ nke Atọ
Ajụjụ: Antenụ redio na-arụ ọrụ na ugboro 100 MHz. Kedu ka ogologo ya si dị?
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– Ugboro ugboro (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
– Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Usoro eji eme ihe bụ:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \ederede{ m/s}}{100 \ugboro 10^6 \ederede{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \ederede{ mita} \]
Ya mere, ogologo ebili mmiri nke mgbaàmà redio bụ mita 3.
Ajụjụ nke Atọ
Ajụjụ: Ọ bụrụ na ogologo ebili mmiri nke ìhè infrared bụ 900 nm, kedu ugboro ole ọ na-eme?
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– Ogologo ebili mmiri (λ) = 900 nm = 900 x 10^-9 mita
– Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Usoro eji eme ihe bụ:
\[f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \ederede{ m/s}}{900 \ugboro 10^{-9} \ederede{ mita}} \]
\[ f = 3.33 \ugboro 10^{14} \ederede{ Hz} \]
Ya mere, ugboro ole ụzarị infrared bụ 3.33 x 10^14 Hz.
Ajụjụ nke Atọ
Ajụjụ: Ìhè ultraviolet nwere ugboro 8 x 10^14 Hz. Kedu ka ogologo ya si dị?
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– Ugboro ole (f) = 8 x 10^14 Hz
– Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Usoro eji eme ihe bụ:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \ederede{ m/s}}{8 \ugboro 10^14 \ederede{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3.75 \ugboro 10^{-7} \text{ mita} \]
\[ \lambda = 375 \ederede{ nm} \]
N'ihi ya, ogologo ebili nke ìhè ultraviolet bụ 375 nm.
Ajụjụ nke Atọ
Ajụjụ: Isi iyi na-ewepụta ngwa ndakwa nri nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke 5 cm. Kedu ugboro ole ọ na-ewe?
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– Ogologo ebili mmiri (λ) = 5 cm = 0.05 mita
– Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Usoro eji eme ihe bụ:
\[f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \ederede{ m/s}}{0.05 \ederede{ mita}} \]
\[ f = ugboro isii 10^9 \ederede{ Hz} \]
Ya mere, ugboro ole nke ngwa ndakwa nri bụ 6 x 10^9 Hz ma ọ bụ 6 GHz.
Ajụjụ nke Atọ
Ajụjụ: Ìhè acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke ihe dị ka nm 450. Kedu ike nke foton sitere na ìhè acha anụnụ anụnụ a?
Mkparịta ụka:
A maara:
– Ogologo ebili mmiri (λ) = 450 nm = 450 x 10^-9 mita
– Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– Planck nke na-agbanweghi agbanwe (h) = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js
Usoro eji eme ihe bụ:
\[ E = hf \]
Na:
\[f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \ederede{ m/s}}{450 \ugboro 10^{-9} \ederede{ mita}} \]
\[ f = 6.67 \ugboro 10^{14} \ederede{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 6.626 \ugboro 10^{-34} \ederede{ Js} \ugboro 6.67 \ugboro 10^{14} \ederede{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 4.42 \ugboro 10^{-19} \ederede{ Joules} \]
Ya mere, ike foton nke ìhè anụnụ anụnụ bụ 4.42 x 10^-19 Joules.
Mmechi
Igwe eletriki nwere ụdị radieshon dị iche iche nwere ogologo na ugboro ole dị iche iche. N'isiokwu a, anyị atụleela ọtụtụ nsogbu ihe atụ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụdị a, site na ebili redio ruo na ìhè ultraviolet. Site n'ịghọta echiche na mgbakọ na mwepụ bụ isi, anyị nwere ike itinye ihe ọmụma a n'ọrụ na ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ dị iche iche dịka nkwukọrịta, ọgwụ, na ngwa ndị ọzọ. Olileanya, nsogbu ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu enyerela gị aka ịghọta ụdị eletriki nke ọma.
Ndụmọdụ Mmega Ahụ Ndị Ọzọ
Omume ọzọ na-enyere aka mgbe niile iji mee ka nghọta gị banyere echiche ndị ị mụtara sikwuo ike. Lee ụfọdụ ajụjụ ndị ọzọ ị nwere ike ịnwale:
1. Anteena telivishọn na-enweta akara nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke 75 cm. Chọpụta ugboro ole ọ na-ewe.
2. Ogologo ebili nke ìhè uhie bụ 650 nm. Kedu ike ya?
3. Ngwa ndakwa nri nwere ugboro 10 GHz. Chọpụta ogologo ebili ya.
4. X-ray nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke 0.1 nm. Gbakọọ ugboro ole ha na-eme.
5. Ìhè akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ugboro 5.5 x 10^14 Hz. Chọpụta ogologo ebili ya.
Ịrụ ọrụ na nsogbu ndị ọzọ ga-enyere aka mee ka nghọta na nkà gị sikwuo ike n'okwu gbasara ụdị ebili mmiri elektrọnik.
