Ihe atụ nke Ajụjụ Mkparịta ụka Solenoid
Solenoids bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ngwa eletriki na elektrọnik, site na ngwaọrụ ahụike ruo na igwe mmepụta ihe. Tupu anyị abanye n'ajụjụ na mkparịta ụka, ka anyị buru ụzọ ghọta ihe solenoid bụ na otu o si arụ ọrụ.
Ịghọta Solenoids
Solenoid bụ eriri waya, nke a na-akpụkarị dị ka silinda ogologo. Mgbe ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na solenoid, ọ na-emepụta oghere magnet n'ime ya. Enwere ike iji oghere magnet a mee ihe maka ebumnuche dị iche iche, dị ka ịkwaga piston na solenoid electromechanical, ma ọ bụ ịmepụta oghere magnet otu na ụfọdụ nyocha na ngwa teknụzụ.
Otu ihe dị mkpa e ji mara solenoid bụ ebe magnet ọ na-emepụta. Ebe magnet dị n'ime solenoid dị ogologo, nke juputara na ya, dị ka otu. Usoro nke na-akọwa ebe magnet B dị n'ime solenoid zuru oke bụ:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
Ebe:
– \(B \) bụ ebe ndọta,
– \( \mu_0 \) bụ ikike ikuku na-agbapụta (\( 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \) T m/A),
– \( n \) bụ ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị kwa ogologo nkeji (ntụgharị/m),
– \( I \) bụ ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na solenoid.
Ọdụ magnet a dabara kpọmkwem na mmiri na-asọ asọ na ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị kwa ogologo nkeji, ihe onwunwe nke ihe dị na solenoid ahụ na-emetụtakwa ya, n'ọnọdụ a, ikuku ma ọ bụ ikuku.
Ajụjụ nke 1: Ịgbakọ Ọdụ Magnetik dị n'ime Solenoid
Ajụjụ:
Solenoid nwere ntụgharị 1000 ma ogologo ya bụ mita 0,5. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na solenoid bụ amperes abụọ, gbakọọ ebe magnet dị n'ime solenoid ahụ.
Azịza:
Nke mbụ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị kwa ogologo nkeji (n):
\[ n = \frac{N}{L} = \frac{1000}{0,5} = 2000 \, \text{turns/m} \]
Mgbe ahụ, jiri usoro ihe ndọta solenoid:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
\[
B = (4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7}) \cdot 2000 \cdot 2
= 8\pi \ugboro 10^{-4} \, \ederede{T}
\]
\[
B \ihe dị ka 2,51 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \ederede{T}
\]
Ya mere, ebe ndọta dị n'ime solenoid dị ihe dịka \( 2,51 \u003 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \) ma ọ bụ 2,51 mT (milliTesla).
Ajụjụ nke Abụọ: Ịgbakọ Ike Lorentz na Waya n'ime Ọdụ Igwe Ọdụdọ Solenoid
Ajụjụ:
N'ime solenoid nke na-emepụta oghere magnet nke \( 2,51 \u3 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \), enwere waya kwụ ọtọ nke mita 0,2 n'ogologo nke na-ebu ọkụ eletrik nke amperes atọ nke kwụ ọtọ na mpaghara magnet. Gbakọọ ike Lorentz na-arụ ọrụ na waya ahụ.
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike Lorentz na-arụ ọrụ na waya dị na mpaghara magnet site na iji usoro a:
\[F = I \cdot L \cdot B \]
Ebe:
– \( F \) bụ ike Lorentz,
– \( I \) bụ ọkụ eletrik,
– \( L \) bụ ogologo waya ahụ,
– \( B \) bụ ebe ndọta.
Anyị na-eji dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[ F = 3 \cdot 0,2 \cdot 2,51 \ugboro 10^{-3} \]
\[ F = 1,506 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \ederede{N} \]
Ya mere, ike Lorentz na-arụ ọrụ na waya ahụ bụ \( 1,506 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \text{N} \).
Ajụjụ nke 3: Ike Magnetik n'ime Solenoid
Ajụjụ:
Ike ndọta ole ka echekwara n'ime solenoid nke dị mita 1 n'ogologo, nwere radius nke mita 0,05, nwere ntụgharị 1000, ma na-ebu ọkụ eletrik nke amperes abụọ?
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike magnetik dị na solenoid site na iji usoro a:
\[ U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot L \cdot I^2 \]
ebe \( L \) bụ inductance nke solenoid. Enwere ike ịgbakọ inductance nke solenoid (\( L \)) site na iji usoro a:
\[ L = \mu_0 \cdot \frac{N^2 \cdot A}{l} \]
na:
– \( N \) bụ ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị,
– \(A \) bụ mpaghara obe nke solenoid ahụ,
– \( l \) bụ ogologo nke solenoid.
Mpaghara obe \( A \):
\[ A = \pi r^2 \]
\[ A = \pi (0,05)^2 = 7,85 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \text{m}^2 \]
Ntinye aka \( L \):
\[
L = (4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7}) \cdot \frac{1000^2 \cdot 7,85 \ugboro 10^{-3}}{1}
\]
\[
L \ihe dị ka 9,87 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \ederede{H}
\]
Ike magnetik \( U \):
\[
U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 9,87 \ugboro 10^{-3} \cdot (2)^2
\]
\[
U = 1,97 \ugboro 10^{-2} \, \ederede{J}
\]
Ya mere, ike ndọta echekwara na solenoid bụ \( 1,97 \ugboro 10^{-2} \, \text{J} \) ma ọ bụ 19,7 mJ (milliJoules).
