Aha: Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka gbasara obe Monohybrid
Pendahuluan
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ ngalaba nke bayoloji nke na-amụ otu esi ebufe àgwà site n'otu ọgbọ gaa na nke ọzọ. Otu echiche dị mkpa na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ obe monohybrid, nke bụ obe nke gụnyere otu ụzọ abụọ nke àgwà dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị obe monohybrid na-akpali akpali ma na-ama aka, nke a na-ejikarị amụ otu alleles (ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa) si akpakọrịta iji chọpụta àgwà nke ihe dị ndụ. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle ọtụtụ nsogbu atụ na mkparịta ụka ha gbasara obe monohybrid.
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 1: Ịgafe Osisi Pea
Otu ihe atụ a ma ama nke obe monohybrid bụ nyocha Gregor Mendel mere na osisi pea. N'otu nnwale, Mendel gafere otu osisi pea nwere okooko odo odo (UU) nke nwere osisi pea nwere okooko ọcha (uu).
Ajụjụ: Kedu ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ụmụ F1 na F2?
Azịza:
– Ọgbọ F1:
Mendel gafere osisi nwere okooko odo odo (UU) nwere osisi nwere okooko ọcha (uu). N'ihi obe a, ụmụ F1 niile ga-enwe genotype (Uu) n'ihi na ha natara otu allele kachasị site na nne na nna nwere okooko odo odo na otu allele recessive site na nne na nna nwere okooko ọcha. N'ihi na allele odo odo (U) bụ nke kachasị, osisi F1 niile ga-enwe ụdị odo odo. Ya mere, n'ọgbọ F1, osisi niile nwere ụdị odo odo nwere ụdị heterozygous genotype (Uu).
– Ọgbọ F2:
Mgbe e kewara osisi F1 (Uu) n'etiti onwe ha, ụmụ F2 ndị a na-enweta nwere oke phenotypic nke 3:1, dabere na square Punnett. Nkesa genotypic sitere na ya bụ 1 UU: 2 Uu: 1 uu. N'ihe gbasara phenotypic, 3 n'ime osisi ndị a ga-enwe okooko odo odo na 1 ga-enwe okooko ọcha.
Ya mere, genotype F2 nwere:
– 25% UU (homozygous kachasị)
– 50% Uu (heterozygous)
– 25% uu (homozygous recessive)
Mkpụrụ ahụ nwere:
– 75% okooko osisi odo odo (UU na Uu)
– 25% okooko osisi ọcha (uu)
Ihe atụ Ajụjụ nke 2: Ịgafe Anụmanụ
Tụlee ihe gbasara obe n'ime òké. Ka e were ya na allele maka ajị ojii (B) bụ ihe kacha karịa allele maka ajị aja aja (b). Ọ bụrụ na òké heterozygous (Bb) ejikọta ya na òké homozygous recessive (bb), gịnị ga-abụ ụdị na genotype nke ụmụ ha?
Azịza:
– Òké mbụ bụ heterozygous nwere genotype (Bb), òké nke abụọ bụkwa homozygous recessive nwere genotype (bb).
– Site na iji Punnett square, anyị nwere ike ịhụ njikọta allele nwere ike nke ụmụ:
| | B | b |
|—|—-|—-|
| b | Bb | bb |
| b | Bb | bb |
– Ụdị genotypes nwere ike ịbụ nke ụmụ nwere ike ịbụ:
– 50% Bb (heterozygous)
- 50% bb (homozygous recessive)
- Banyere phenotype:
– Pasentị iri ise nke ụmụ ga-enwe ajị ojii (Bb)
- 50% ga-enwe ajị aja aja (bb)
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 3: Ịmụta ụmụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche
N'ime ụmụ mmadụ, ka e were ya na allele maka mkpịsị aka nkịtị (N) bụ ihe kacha karịa allele maka polydactyly (mkpịsị aka mgbakwunye) (n). Ọ bụrụ na otu nne ma ọ bụ nna bụ heterozygous maka àgwà a na nne ma ọ bụ nna nke ọzọ bụ homozygous maka recessive, kedu ka oke phenotype-to-genotype nke nwa ahụ si dị?
Azịza:
– Ndị nne na nna Heterozygous nwere genotype (Nn), ebe ndị nne na nna homozygous recessive nwere genotype (nn).
– Site na iji Punnett squares, anyị na-enweta:
| | N | n |
|—|—-|—-|
| n | Nn | nn |
| n | Nn | nn |
– Ụdị mkpụrụ nke nwa ahụ bụ:
– 50% Nn (heterozygous)
– 50% nn (homozygous recessive)
– Ụdị mkpụrụ nke nwa ahụ bụ:
– 50% mkpịsị aka nkịtị (Nn)
– 50% polydactyly (nn)
Mmechi:
Obe monohybrid bụ ngwa dị mkpa n'ịghọta ụkpụrụ nke ihe nketa. Site n'iji ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi dịka ịchịisi na recessiveness, anyị nwere ike ibu amụma nkesa nke phenotypes na genotypes n'ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ihu. Isi ihe dị mkpa iji ghọta obe monohybrid bụ ịmata akara maka alleles ndị na-achịkwa na recessive na inwe ike iwuli na inyocha square Punnett. Omume na-aga n'ihu na ihe atụ dị iche iche ga-eme ka ihe ọmụma anyị banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ isi sikwuo ike ma mee ka nghọta anyị banyere otu esi eketa àgwà dịkwuo mma.
