Ihe atụ nke Ajụjụ Mkparịta ụka na Waya Gburugburu Na-ebu Ọkụ Eletriki
Pendahuluan
Waya a gbanyere agbanyere nke na-ebu ọkụ eletrik bụ ihe dị oke mkpa n'ọtụtụ ojiji na physics na injinia eletriki. Ịghọta ụkpụrụ na mgbakọ na mwepụ nke ubi magnet nke waya a mepụtara dị oke mkpa n'ọtụtụ ubi, site na imewe moto eletriki ruo na sensọ ubi magnet. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọtụtụ nsogbu atụ na ngwọta ha iji nyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ aka ịghọta ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke waya a gbanyere agbanyere nke na-ebu ọkụ eletrik.
Ubi Magnetik site na Waya A Kpọkọtara Akpọ
Iwu Biot-Savart
Iwu Biot-Savart na-enye ntọala maka ịgbakọ oghere magnetik gburugburu waya na-ebu ugbu a. Usoro bụ isi nke iwu Biot-Savart bụ dị ka ndị a:
\[
d\mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \cdot \frac{I d\mathbf{l} \times \mathbf{\hat{r}}}{r^2}
\]
Ebe:
– \( \mathbf{B} \) bụ ebe ndọta
– \( \mu_0 \) bụ ikike ikuku na-agbapụta (\( 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \ \text{H/m} \))
– \(I \) bụ ọkụ eletrik
– \( d\mathbf{l} \) bụ obere ihe dị na waya ahụ
– \( \mathbf{\hat{r}} \) bụ vektọ nkeji n'akụkụ site na ihe waya ruo ebe a na-ahụ anya
– \( r \) bụ anya dị n'etiti ihe waya na ebe a na-ahụ anya
Waya a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ nke otu
Ọdụ magnet dị n'etiti eriri okirikiri nke nwere radius \( R \) na ugbu a \( I \) bụ:
\[
B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R}
\]
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 1
Ajụjụ: Gbakọọ ebe ndọta dị n'etiti eriri waya nke nwere radius nke 10 cm nke na-ebu ọkụ eletrik nke 5 A.
Azịza:
Jiri usoro magnetik field mee otu loop,
\[
B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R}
\]
Ebe:
– \( \mu_0 = 4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ \text{H/m} \)
– \( I = 5 \ \text{A} \)
– \( R = 0.1 \ \text{m} \) (n'ihi na 10 cm = 0.1 m)
Site n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ndị a,
\[
B = \frac{4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ugboro 5}{2 \ugboro 0.1}
\]
\[
B = \frac{20\pi \ugboro 10^{-7}}{0.2}
\]
\[
B = 2\pi \ugboro 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
\[
B = 6.28 \ugboro 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
Ya mere, ebe ndọta dị n'etiti eriri waya ahụ bụ \( 6.28 \ \mu T \).
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 2
Ajụjụ: Kọlụm nke nwere ntụgharị iri abụọ na radius nke sentimita iri na-ebu ọkụ nke 5 A. Gbakọọ oghere magnetik dị n'etiti kọlụm ahụ.
Azịza:
Ebe ndọta maka eriri nke ntụgharị N bụ:
\[
B = \frac{\mu_0 NI}{2R}
\]
Ebe:
– \( N = 20 \)
– \( I = 5 \ \text{A} \)
– \( R = 0.1 \ \ederede{m} \)
– \( \mu_0 = 4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ \text{H/m} \)
Site n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ndị a,
\[
B = \frac{4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ugboro 20 \ugboro 5}{2 \ugboro 0.1}
\]
\[
B = \frac{400\pi \ugboro 10^{-7}}{0.2}
\]
\[
B = 20\pi \ugboro 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
\[
B = 62.8 \ugboro 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
Ya mere, ebe ndọta dị n'etiti eriri igwe ahụ bụ \( 62.8 \\mu T \).
Waya okirikiri n'akụkụ ụfọdụ
Ọ bụrụ na e bepụ waya nke na-ebu ugbu a n'akụkụ, mgbe ahụ akụkụ ahụ nke loop ga-emepụta oghere magnet dị iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ọkara okirikiri, oghere magnet bụ ọkara nke oghere magnet zuru oke, nke chọrọ njikọ ọzọ maka ngwọta dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 3
Ajụjụ: Gbakọọ ebe ndọta dị n'etiti waya gburugburu nke na-agbagharị naanị ọkara okirikiri (ogo 180), nke nwere radius nke 10 cm na ugbu a nke 5 A.
Azịza:
Maka ọkara okirikiri, ebe ndọta dị n'etiti bụ ọkara ebe ndọta zuru oke:
\[
B = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R}
\]
Ebe:
– \( \mu_0 = 4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ \text{H/m} \)
– \( I = 5 \ \text{A} \)
– \( R = 0.1 \ \ederede{m} \)
Site n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ndị a,
\[
B = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{4\pi \oge 10^{-7} \oge 5}{2 \oge 0.1}
\]
\[
B = \frac{1}{2} \oge 2\pi \oge 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
\[
B = \pi \oge 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
\[
B = 3.14 \ugboro 10^{-6} \ \ederede{T}
\]
Ya mere, ebe ndọta dị n'etiti waya semicircular bụ \( 3.14 \ \mu T \).
Penutup
Site na ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu, a na-atụ anya na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-aghọta nke ọma otu esi agbakọ ubi magnet nke waya a gbanyere agbakọ na-ebu ọkụ eletrik mepụtara. Nghọta a bara uru nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ngwa teknụzụ na nyocha sayensị, ọkachasị n'ọhịa nke electromagnetism na injinia eletriki.
