Ihe Nlereanya nke Ajụjụ Mkparịta ụka gbasara Ụdị Nguzogide
Nguzogide bụ echiche dị mkpa na electromagnetism na akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọmụmụ ihe gbasara fiziki, ọkachasị na sekit eletriki. Isiokwu a ga-atụle ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke nsogbu nguzogide, zuru ezu yana nkọwa na ngwọta.
Kedu ụdị ihe mgbochi?
Nguzogide (\(\rho\)) bụ ihe nha nke ihe onwunwe nke na-ekpebi oke ọ na-egbochi mgbasa nke ọkụ eletrik. A na-atụ nguzogide na mita ohm (Ω·m). Ka nguzogide nke ihe dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọ na-esikwu ike ka ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na ya.
Usoro bụ isi maka ịgbakọ nguzogide (\(R\)) na onye na-eduzi ihe nwere ogologo (\(L\)) na mpaghara nkebi (\(A\)) bụ:
\[ R = \rho \ frac {L}{A} \]
Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka Ihe Nlereanya
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 1:
E nyere waya ọla kọpa nke nwere ogologo mita abụọ na mpaghara nkebi nke 0,5 mm(^2\). Nguzogide kpọmkwem nke ọla kọpa bụ \(1.68 \u2d 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m\). Gbakọọ nguzogide nke waya ahụ.
Azịza:
1. Gbanwee mpaghara obe site na mm\(^2\) gaa na m\(^2\):
\[ 0.5 \; \ederede{mm}^2 = 0.5 \ugboro 10^{-6} \; \ederede{m}^2 \]
2. Jiri usoro \( R = \rho \frac{L}{A} \):
\[ R = (1.68 \ugboro 10^{-8}) \frac{2}{0.5 \ugboro 10^{-6}} \]
\[ R = (1.68 \ugboro 10^{-8}) \ugboro (ugboro 4 \ugboro 10^{6}) \]
\[ R = 6.72 \ugboro 10^{-2} \; \Omega\]
Ya mere, nguzogide nke waya ọla kọpa bụ 0.0672 Ω.
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 2:
Waya aluminom nwere nguzogide nke \(2.82 \u003 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m\). Ọ bụrụ na ogologo waya ahụ dị mita 10 ma nwee nguzogide nke 0.0564 Ω, kedu mpaghara obe nke waya ahụ?
Azịza:
1. A maara ya:
– Nguzogide kpọmkwem, \(\rho = 2.82 \ugboro 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m\)
– Ogologo, \( L = 10 \; \text{m} \)
– Nguzogide \( R = 0.0564 \; \Omega \)
2. Jiri usoro \( R = \rho \frac{L}{A} \) chọta mpaghara nkebi:
\[ R = \rho \ frac {L}{A} \]
\[ 0.0564 = 2.82 \ugboro 10^{-8} \frac{10}{A} \]
\[ 0.0564 = 2.82 \ugboro 10^{-7} \frac{1}{A} \]
\[ A = \frac{2.82 \ugboro 10^{-7}}{0.0564} \]
\[ A = ugboro ise 10^{-6} \; \text{m}^2 \]
Ya mere, mpaghara obe nke waya aluminom bụ \(5 \ ugboro 10^{-6} \; \text{m}^2\).
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 3:
Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na anyị ejikọta waya abụọ dị iche iche n'usoro na n'usoro, gịnị ka mmetụta ha ga-enwe n'ozuzu iguzogide na otu esi agbakọ ya? Ka e were ya na anyị nwere waya ọla kọpa na waya aluminom, nke ọ bụla nwere ogologo mita 5 na mpaghara obe nke 1 mm(^2\). Nguzogide kpọmkwem nke ọla kọpa bụ \(1.68 \u003d 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m\) na aluminom bụ \(2.82 \u003d 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m\).
Azịza:
1. Gbakọọ nguzogide nke waya ọ bụla.
– Waya ọla kọpa:
\[ R_{\text{copper}} = \rho \frac{L}{A} = (1.68 \ugboro 10^{-8}) \frac{5}{1 \ugboro 10^{-6}} \]
\[ R_{\text{copper}} = 8.4 \ugboro 10^{-2} \; \Omega \]
– waya aluminom:
\[ R_{\text{aluminium}} = \rho \frac{L}{A} = (2.82 \ugboro 10^{-8}) \frac{5}{1 \ugboro 10^{-6}} \]
\[ R_{\text{aluminum}} = 1.41 \ugboro 10^{-1} \; \Omega\]
2. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na usoro:
\[ R_{\text{total}} = R_{\text{copper}} + R_{\text{aluminum}} \]
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 8.4 \ugboro 10^{-2} + 1.41 \ugboro 10^{-1} \]
\[ R_{\text{ngụkọta}} = 0.224 \; \Omega\]
3. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya n'otu oge:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_{\text{copper}}} + \frac{1}{R_{\text{aluminium}}} \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{8.4 \ugboro 10^{-2}} + \frac{1}{1.41 \ugboro 10^{-1}} \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{0.084} + \frac{1}{0.141} \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = 11.905 + 7.092 \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = 18.997 \]
\[ R_{\text{total}} = \frac{1}{18.997} \]
\[ R_{\text{total}} \ihe dị ka 0.0526 \; \Omega\]
Ya mere, nguzogide zuru oke mgbe ejiri waya abụọ jikọọ n'usoro bụ 0.224 Ω na mgbe ejikọtara ya na parallel bụ 0.0526 Ω.
Mmechi
Nguzogide nke ihe dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta nguzogide zuru oke nke onye na-eduzi ihe. Site n'ịmara nguzogide, ogologo, na mpaghara obe, anyị nwere ike ịgbakọ nguzogide nke ihe site na iji usoro dị mfe. Ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu na-egosi na nghọta na ịgbakọ nguzogide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi na nyocha nke sekit eletriki. Site na omume, nghọta anyị banyere echiche nke nguzogide ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo omimi ma dịrị irè n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ.
Nguzogide na ngụkọ ya dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ojiji bara uru na injinia na fiziki. Ya mere, nghọta siri ike nke echiche a dị oke mkpa maka onye ọ bụla metụtara ngalaba ndị a.
