Kev Ntsuas ntawm Central Tendency: Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Nkag Siab hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Hauv ntau qhov chaw tshawb fawb, kev nkag siab zoo txog cov ntaub ntawv yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab kom raug thiab paub zoo. Ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yog kev ntsuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab muab lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav ntau yam kev ntsuas ntawm qhov nruab nrab, vim li cas lawv thiaj tseem ceeb, thiab lawv siv li cas hauv kev xyaum.
Kev Nkag Siab Txog Kev Ntsuas Kev Tswj Xyuas Hauv Nruab Nrab
Kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab yog hais txog tus nqi uas sawv cev rau qhov chaw nruab nrab lossis "qhov chaw nruab nrab" ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Muaj ntau txoj kev ntsuas uas siv ntau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, suav nrog qhov nruab nrab, nruab nrab, thiab hom. Txhua txoj kev muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas li cas.
Nruab Nrab (Nruab Nrab)
Qhov nruab nrab yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas uas siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nruab nrab. Nws yog xam los ntawm kev ntxiv tag nrho cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa thiab tom qab ntawd faib los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov nqi. Cov mis dav dav rau qhov nruab nrab yog:
\[
\text{Mean} (\mu) = \frac{\sum x_i}{N}
\]
qhov twg \( \sum x_i \) yog tag nrho cov nqi ntawm txhua tus nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, thiab \( N \) yog tus lej ntawm cov nqi lossis kev soj ntsuam.
Cov Zoo thiab Cov Tsis Zoo ntawm Qhov Nruab Nrab
– Cov Zoo: Tus nqi nruab nrab yooj yim xam thiab nkag siab. Nws siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj, ua rau nws nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
- Qhov Tsis Zoo: Vim tias qhov nruab nrab suav nrog txhua cov ntaub ntawv, nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov outliers (cov nqi uas txawv ntawm lwm tus). Cov outliers tuaj yeem hloov qhov nruab nrab siab dua lossis qis dua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
theem nrab
Tus nqi nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa thaum cov ntaub ntawv raug txheeb raws qib nce lossis nqis. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam yog khib, tus nqi nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam yog tus lej txawm, tus nqi nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm ob tus nqi nruab nrab. Txhawm rau xam tus nqi nruab nrab, txheeb cov ntaub ntawv thiab txiav txim siab tus nqi nruab nrab.
Cov Zoo thiab Cov Tsis Zoo ntawm Nruab Nrab
– Cov Zoo: Tus nruab nrab tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov outliers zoo li qhov nruab nrab. Qhov no muab ib daim duab tseeb dua ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev faib tawm uas muaj cov outliers.
– Qhov Tsis Zoo: Tus lej nruab nrab tsis siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv nruab nrab xwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
hom
Hom yog tus nqi lossis cov nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Ib cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tsis tuaj yeem muaj hom (yog tias txhua tus nqi tshwm sim nrog tib zaus), ib hom (unimodal), lossis ntau dua ib hom (bimodal lossis multimodal).
Cov Zoo thiab Cov Tsis Zoo ntawm Hom
- Cov Zoo: Hom no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rau cov ntaub ntawv categorical uas peb xav paub tias pawg twg yog qhov feem ntau.
- Qhov Tsis Zoo: Hom ntawv yuav tsis muab ib daim duab sawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv lej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm dav dav nrog yuav luag sib npaug.
Cov Kev Siv ntawm Kev Ntsuas Centralization hauv Ntau Qhov Chaw
Cov Txheeb Xyuas Piav Qhia
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia, kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov nruab nrab, thiab hom pab sau ua ke lossis piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj uas teeb tsa ua ib tus lej uas sawv cev rau qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Kev lag luam
Hauv kev lag luam, qhov nruab nrab yog siv los xam cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab lossis cov nuj nqis nruab nrab. Tus lej nruab nrab feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kev faib nyiaj tau los vim nws txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov nqi siab heev. Piv txwv li, cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab ntawm ib cheeb tsam yuav tsis muab daim duab tseeb yog tias qee tus neeg muaj cov nyiaj tau los siab heev. Cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab yuav muab tus nqi sawv cev ntau dua ntawm qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv, kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hloov pauv xws li ntshav siab, cov roj cholesterol, lossis hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem pab nkag siab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ntsuas, thaum qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem siv los sib piv cov pab pawg neeg mob sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj cov nqi siab heev hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov nruab nrab.
Kev kawm
Hauv kev kawm ntawv, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm cov qhab nia siv tau los ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv chav kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, qhov nruab nrab yuav muab qhov sawv cev tseeb dua ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv chav kawm.
Xaiv Qhov Loj Nruab Nrab Yog
Kev xaiv qhov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab yog nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yog dab tsi. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia dav dav:
1. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug tsis muaj cov outliers: Qhov nruab nrab feem ntau yog qhov sawv cev tsim nyog.
2. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj outliers lossis kev faib tawm tsis sib xws: Tus median yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau siv.
3. Rau cov ntaub ntawv categorical: Hom yog qhov ntsuas uas muaj ntaub ntawv ntau tshaj plaws.
Txhim Kho Kev Nkag Siab Nrog Kev Pom Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Ntxiv rau kev xam cov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, cov duab pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li histograms, boxplots, lossis kernel density plots tuaj yeem pab nkag siab zoo dua txog kev faib cov ntaub ntawv. Cov duab pom no pab qhia txog seb cov ntaub ntawv raug faib li cas thiab seb puas muaj qhov tsis zoo lossis qhov tsis sib xws tseem ceeb.
Xaus
Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas pab sau ua ke thiab nkag siab txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov nruab nrab, thiab hom txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas raug tshuaj xyuas. Kev xaiv qhov ntsuas kom raug ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txiav txim siab hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia, kev lag luam, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev kawm. Kev pom cov ntaub ntawv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhawb nqa cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab. Nrog kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, cov kws tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab cov kev nkag siab tseeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua hauv ntau yam kev siv.
