Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Thaub Qab Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Nyob rau lub caij nyoog digital niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws rau cov tib neeg thiab cov koom haum. Cov duab tsev neeg, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab txawm tias cov ntawv qhia kev lag luam - txhua yam khaws cia rau hauv digital. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tsuas paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim: lub laptop ploj, lub xov tooj tawg, lub hard drive tam sim ntawd tsis nyeem tau, lossis cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb raug rho tawm tsis raug. Yog li ntawd, kev thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog qhov kev xaiv xaiv tau lawm, tab sis yog qhov xav tau tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau yam kev pheej hmoo.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Thaub Qab Yog Dab Tsi?
Kev thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab khaws cia rau lwm qhov kom nws tuaj yeem rov qab tau yog tias cov ntaub ntawv qub ploj, puas tsuaj, lossis nkag tsis tau. Daim qauv no tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntawm lub cuab yeej xws li lub hard drive sab nraud, flash drive, NAS (Network Attached Storage), lossis cov xov xwm hauv internet xws li kev khaws cia huab. Qhov tseem ceeb, kev thaub qab ua haujlwm ua "kev nyab xeeb" yog tias muaj qee yam tsis tau xav txog tshwm sim rau lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb.
Muaj coob tus neeg xav tias cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov tuam txhab loj xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb - cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog lawv cov ntawv kawm tiav, cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob deb nrog cov ntaub ntawv project, cov tswv lag luam me nrog cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam - xav tau cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tsis tu ncua thiab raug.
Kev Pheej Hmoo Poob Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntau Zaus
Muaj ntau yam ua rau cov ntaub ntawv poob, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim yam tsis tau ceeb toom ua ntej. Nov yog qee qhov kev pheej hmoo feem ntau:
1. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse
Cov hard drive lossis SSD muaj lub neej ntev. Kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog hnub nyoog, kub dhau, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, lossis kev poob siab. Txawm tias cov khoom siv uas zoo li ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tau.
2. Kev ua yuam kev ntawm tib neeg
Kev rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, kev tsim cov tsav tsis raug, lossis kev sau cov ntaub ntawv qub dua nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug yog cov piv txwv ntawm qhov yuam kev. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab, txawm tias qhov yuam kev me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev poob loj.
3. Kev tawm tsam Malware thiab ransomware
Ransomware muaj peev xwm encrypt cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau lawv tsis tuaj yeem qhib tau, thiab tom qab ntawd xav tau tus nqi txhiv. Yog tsis muaj kev thaub qab, cov neeg raug tsim txom feem ntau raug yuam kom xaiv ntawm kev poob lawv cov ntaub ntawv lossis them rau cov neeg ua txhaum - qhov no tsis lav tias lawv cov ntaub ntawv yuav rov qab los.
4. Tub sab lossis poob ntawm lub cuab yeej
Lub laptop lossis xov tooj ntawm tes uas ploj lawm tsis yog tsuas yog qhov poob khoom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhais tau tias poob kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog tias tsis muaj daim qauv thaub qab.
5. Tej xwm txheej ntuj tsim thiab tej xwm txheej uas tsis tau xav txog ua ntej
Hluav taws, dej nyab, lossis hluav taws xob luv luv tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv khaws cia puas tsuaj. Yog tias cov khoom thaub qab nyob rau tib qho chaw, qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem siab. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev npaj thaub qab yuav tsum xav txog cov chaw khaws cia sib txawv.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Poob Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kev poob cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ib txwm pom tseeb tam sim ntawd, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam tuaj yeem kav ntev thiab kim heev. Rau cov tib neeg, kev poob cov duab, cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev khuv xim uas nyuaj rau hloov pauv. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, kev poob cov haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev kawm tiav.
Hauv kev lag luam, qhov cuam tshuam tuaj yeem loj dua: cov haujlwm raug nres, cov kev pabcuam raug cuam tshuam, cov neeg siv khoom poob siab, kev poob nyiaj txiag nce ntxiv, thiab lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub tuam txhab raug kev txom nyem. Cov ntaub ntawv poob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev ceev ntiag tug thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Hauv lwm lo lus, kev thaub qab tsis yog tsuas yog txog kev txuag cov ntaub ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tswj kev ua ub no thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob.
Cov Ntsiab Cai Zoo Rau Kev Thaub Qab: Txoj Cai 3-2-1
Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab cai nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog txoj cai 3-2-1:
– 3: Khaws tsawg kawg yog peb daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (1 cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb + 2 cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab).
– 2: Siv tsawg kawg yog ob hom ntaub ntawv khaws cia sib txawv (piv txwv li, lub tshuab tsav sab hauv thiab lub hard disk sab nraud).
– 1: Khaws ib daim qauv rau lwm qhov chaw (piv txwv li, huab lossis tsav tsheb khaws cia rau lwm qhov).
Txoj cai no txo qhov muaj feem uas txhua daim ntawv theej yuav puas tsuaj lossis ploj tib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub laptop tawg, koj tseem muaj ib qho thaub qab ntawm koj lub hard drive sab nraud. Yog tias koj lub hard drive sab nraud kuj tawg lossis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, koj tseem muaj ib qho thaub qab hauv huab.
Hom Kev Thaub Qab Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Cov thaub qab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj kev, nyob ntawm koj cov kev xav tau:
1. Tag nrho cov thaub qab
Luam tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nrog txhua qhov thaub qab. Qhov no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev yooj yim rov qab tau, tab sis nws siv ntau qhov chaw thiab siv sijhawm ntev dua.
2. Kev thaub qab ntxiv
Tsuas yog theej cov kev hloov pauv txij li thaum thaub qab zaum kawg (tag nrho lossis nce me ntsis). Sai dua thiab txuag chaw, tab sis cov txheej txheem rov qab kho dua tuaj yeem nyuaj dua.
3. Kev thaub qab sib txawv
Cov ntawv theej hloov txij li thaum thaub qab tag nrho zaum kawg. Cov thaub qab yuav loj hlob tuaj raws sijhawm, tab sis kev rov qab los feem ntau yooj yim dua li kev thaub qab me me.
Rau cov neeg siv ib leeg, txoj hauv kev ua tau zoo feem ntau yog kev thaub qab tag nrho thiab kev sib dhos cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cia Khoom Rau Kev Thaub Qab
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv thaub qab xov xwm, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:
- Cov hard drive sab nraud / SSD sab nraud: ceev, yooj yim siv, thiab tsim nyog rau kev thaub qab hauv zos. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tuaj yeem ploj mus.
- Flash drives: yooj yim, tab sis muaj peev xwm tsawg thiab tsis zoo tagnrho rau kev thaub qab mus sij hawm ntev.
– NAS (Network Attached Storage): tsim nyog rau cov tsev lossis cov chaw ua haujlwm me, tuaj yeem nkag mus tau los ntawm ntau lub cuab yeej thiab tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau, tab sis tus nqi pib siab dua.
- Kev khaws cia hauv huab: hloov tau yooj yim, nkag tau los ntawm txhua qhov chaw, zoo rau kev thaub qab sab nraud. Qhov tsis zoo: nyob ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv internet thiab cov nqi them rau qhov muaj peev xwm loj.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov thaub qab hauv zos thiab huab yuav muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Siv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Thaub Qab tas li
Muaj coob tus neeg nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thaub qab, tab sis tsis ua lawv tsis tu ncua. Yuav kom ua kom kev thaub qab ua ib qho kev coj ua zoo, ntawm no yog qee cov lus qhia:
1. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Tsis yog txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau thaub qab. Ua tib zoo saib cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov duab/yeeb yaj kiab muaj nqis, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag.
2. Siv kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg
Siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev thaub qab tsis siv neeg ntawm koj lub operating system lossis cov ntawv thov huab. Kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hnov qab.
3. Teem sijhawm thaub qab tsis tu ncua
Piv txwv li, txhua lub lim tiam rau cov neeg siv tus kheej thiab txhua hnub rau kev ua haujlwm lossis kev lag luam.
4. Rov qab sim dua
Kev thaub qab yam tsis tau sim rov qab los siv yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Sim rov qab los siv cov ntaub ntawv qee zaum kom paub tseeb tias qhov thaub qab siv tau tiag tiag.
5. Tiv thaiv cov thaub qab nrog kev ruaj ntseg
Siv kev encryption, cov passwords muaj zog, thiab kev lees paub ob yam rau cov account huab kom tiv thaiv cov backups kom tsis txhob yooj yim nkag mus rau los ntawm lwm tus.
Xaus
Kev thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv yog ib kauj ruam yooj yim uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev poob loj. Kev poob cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm, txawm tias yog vim lub cuab yeej ua tsis tiav, kev ua yuam kev ntawm tib neeg, kev tawm tsam malware, lossis kev puas tsuaj tsis tau xav txog. Los ntawm kev siv txoj kev thaub qab zoo - xws li txoj cai 3-2-1 - nrog rau kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia kom tsim nyog thiab ua cov thaub qab tsis tu ncua, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj cov khoom muaj nqis digital thiab tswj hwm kev ua ub no tus kheej thiab kev lag luam.
Thaum kawg, lo lus nug tsis yog "kuv puas yuav poob kuv cov ntaub ntawv?", tab sis "nws yuav tshwm sim thaum twg?". Muaj ib qho thaub qab yuav ua rau koj npaj tau zoo dua rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.
