Hom Cables hauv Kev Sib Txuas Lus
Hauv ntiaj teb kev sib txuas lus, cov cables ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua ib qho chaw sib txuas lus sib txuas cov khoom siv - los ntawm cov xov tooj hauv av thiab cov tes hauj lwm hauv internet mus rau cov xov tooj cua thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Txawm hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm thev naus laus zis mus rau kev sib txuas wireless, cov cables tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov tes hauj lwm vim lawv qhov ruaj khov, muaj peev xwm, thiab kev ntseeg tau. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov hom cables uas feem ntau siv hauv kev sib txuas lus, lawv cov yam ntxwv, qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv.
1. Txoj hlua khi sib txuas (Twisted Pair)
Cov xov hlau sib txuas ua ke (twisted pair cable) yog ib hom xov hlau uas nrov tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xov tooj thiab cov khoos phis tawj (LANs). Cov xov hlau no muaj ob lub tooj liab sib txuas ua ke kom txo tau kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob (electromagnetic interference - EMI) thiab kev sib txuas lus (crosstalk) (kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khub xov hlau).
a. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
UTP yog ib txoj hlua khi uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv. Hom no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov hlua Ethernet xws li Cat5e, Cat6, thiab Cat6A.
Tshaj:
- Pheej yig thiab yooj yim tau txais
- Kev teeb tsa yooj yim thiab yoog tau
- Haum rau cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov tes hauj lwm hauv tsev
Tsis Muaj:
- Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic thaum nyob ze ntawm cov chaw muaj zog loj
- Qhov deb tsawg (feem ntau 100 meters rau Ethernet)
Piv txwv siv:
- LAN network, internet hauv tsev cable, switch txuas rau lub computer
b. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
STP muaj ib daim ntaub thaiv kom txo tau kev cuam tshuam. Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv, xws li FTP (Foiled Twisted Pair) lossis S/FTP, uas siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntawv ci thiab braided shielding.
Tshaj:
- Tiv taus kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li UTP
- Ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm lossis cov chaw uas muaj ntau cov xov hluav taws xob
Tsis Muaj:
– Tus nqi kim dua li UTP
- Kev teeb tsa nyuaj dua thiab xav tau kev grounding zoo
Piv txwv siv:
– Cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chav server, cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev cuam tshuam siab
2. Coaxial Cable
Cov xov hlau coaxial muaj ib lub tub ntxhais hlau (feem ntau yog tooj liab), ib lub insulator, ib txheej tiv thaiv (braided/foil shield), thiab ib lub tsho sab nraud. Cov qauv no ua rau cov xov hlau coaxial muaj zog heev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab tsim nyog rau kev xa cov teeb liab zaus siab.
Tshaj:
- Tiv taus kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov khub sib ntswg
- Siv tau rau qhov deb dua hauv qee daim ntawv thov
- Haum rau RF (xov tooj cua zaus) cov teeb liab
Tsis Muaj:
- Thicker thiab tsis yooj ywm
– Kev teeb tsa thiab kev xaus yuav nyuaj dua
- Rau cov tes hauj lwm niaj hnub no, ntau yam tau hloov los ntawm fiber
Piv txwv siv:
– Cable TV, antenna, cable modem (DOCSIS), analog CCTV, xov tooj cua network
Cov hom coaxial uas feem ntau ntsib muaj xws li RG-6 (feem ntau siv rau cable TV/internet) thiab RG-59 (feem ntau siv rau CCTV).
3. Cov Kab Hlau Fiber Optic
Cov xov hlau fiber-optic xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb los ntawm cov iav lossis cov yas fibers. Lawv yog cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tes hauj lwm tseem ceeb vim lawv muaj peev xwm bandwidth siab heev thiab kev sib kis ntev.
a. Ib Hom Fiber (SMF)
Ib hom siv lub fiber me me heev (kwv yees li 9 microns) kom lub teeb mus ncig hauv ib hom. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev mus deb thiab kev kub ceev.
Tshaj:
- Kev sib kis ntev heev (kaum txog pua pua km nrog cov khoom siv zoo)
- Muaj peev xwm loj thiab latency tsawg
- Kev cuam tshuam tsawg heev
Tsis Muaj:
– Cov khoom siv (transceiver) kim dua
- Kev sib txuas xav tau cov cuab yeej thiab cov kws tshaj lij.
Piv txwv siv:
– ISP backbone, interbuilding network (MAN), submarine cable
b. Ntau Hom Fiber (MMF)
Multi-hom muaj lub hauv paus loj dua (50/62,5 microns) thiab tso cai rau ntau hom teeb. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau qhov deb luv mus rau nruab nrab.
Tshaj:
- Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pheej yig dua li ib hom
- Haum rau cov tes hauj lwm sab hauv tsev lossis hauv tsev kawm ntawv
Tsis Muaj:
- Luv dua li SMF vim yog modal dispersion
- Tsis zoo tagnrho rau kev sib txuas ntev
Piv txwv siv:
– Chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, network hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kev sib txuas ntawm cov racks server
Feem ntau cov fiber optics siv cov connectors xws li SC, LC, ST, lossis MPO/MTP rau cov kev xav tau siab hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv.
4. Tooj Liab Hlau Rau Kev Sib Txuas Lus Ib Txwm Muaj (Xov Tooj Cable/Drop Wire)
Ua ntej lub internet fiber-optic tau dav dav, cov xov tooj liab tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev pabcuam xov tooj thiab DSL. Cov xov tooj no tuaj yeem muaj ntau khub hauv ib pob loj.
Tshaj:
- Cov khoom siv hauv paus loj heev thiab tau siv ntev heev
- Tseem siv tau rau cov xov tooj analog lossis ADSL / VDSL
Tsis Muaj:
- Bandwidth tsawg dua piv rau fiber
- Cov teeb liab poob qis heev ntawm qhov deb ntev
- Yooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam thiab xeb yog tias tsis tau teeb tsa zoo
Piv txwv siv:
- Cov xov tooj hauv tsev, cov tes hauj lwm PSTN, ADSL/VDSL
5. Ribbon Fiber Cable thiab Multicore Fiber Cable
Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub peev xwm nce ntxiv, ntau tus neeg teb xov tooj siv cov xov hlau fiber ntau lossis cov xov hlau ribbon fiber kom ceev cov kev sib txuas loj.
Tshaj:
- Muaj peev xwm loj heev hauv ib lub cable
- Zoo rau lub hauv paus thiab chaw khaws ntaub ntawv
- Ua kom nrawm dua yog tias siv txoj kev splicing tshwj xeeb
Tsis Muaj:
- Kev teeb tsa tus nqi thiab kev tswj hwm nyuaj dua
- Yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb
Piv txwv siv:
– Metro Ethernet, lub nroog backbone, qhov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv loj
6. Cov Cables rau Xov Tooj Cua thiab Microwave (Feeder Cable/Waveguide)
Hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes thiab microwave systems, cov xov hlau feeder txuas cov khoom siv xov tooj cua rau antennas. Dhau li ntawm cov xov hlau coaxial, kuj tseem muaj waveguides rau cov zaus tshwj xeeb.
Tshaj:
- Txhawb kev xa xov RF los ntawm chaw nres tsheb mus rau lub kav hlau txais xov
- Tsim los rau kev txo qis ntawm cov zaus siab
Tsis Muaj:
- Tus nqi siab, kev teeb tsa xav tau kev ua tib zoo
– Tsis tshua muaj kev ywj pheej thiab feem ntau tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus
Piv txwv siv:
- BTS (Base Transceiver Station), microwave link, transmitting antenna
7. Cov Hlua Txuas thiab Cov Hlua Txuas Sab Hauv Tsev Tshwj Xeeb
Hauv kev teeb tsa network niaj hnub no, muaj cov cables tshwj xeeb rau cov kev xav tau sab hauv tsev, xws li cov fiber/UTP patch cords, plenum cables (rau cov chav uas muaj qee cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws), thiab LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) cables uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thaum muaj hluav taws kub.
Tshaj:
- Tsim los rau kev tswj hwm cable zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb
- Ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab cov cai ntawm lub tsev
Tsis Muaj:
- Feem ntau kim dua li cov cables txheem
- Xav tau qhov kev xaiv zoo raws li qhov chaw ib puag ncig
Piv txwv siv:
– Chav server, chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, tsev ua haujlwm
Xaus
Muaj ntau hom cables sib txawv hauv kev sib txuas lus, txhua tus muaj nws cov haujlwm thiab qhov zoo. Twisted pair (UTP/STP) zoo dua rau cov tes hauj lwm hauv cheeb tsam thiab kev teeb tsa yooj yim. Coaxial cable tseem muaj zog hauv RF thiab qee yam kev pabcuam xws li cable TV. Txawm li cas los xij, fiber optic cable yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej vim nws cov bandwidth siab, qhov deb ntev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Ntxiv mus, feeder cables thiab waveguides tseem ceeb hauv cellular thiab microwave infrastructure.
Kev xaiv cov cable zoo yuav tsum xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm bandwidth, qhov deb, qhov chaw teeb tsa, tus nqi, thiab yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas. Kev nkag siab zoo txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom cable tuaj yeem pab tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo dua, ruaj khov, thiab npaj nws rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau yav tom ntej.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem ntxiv ib daim ntawv sib piv (bandwidth, nrug, tus nqi, thiab kev siv) lossis hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau cov haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv / tsev kawm qib siab nrog hom ntawv hais txog.
