Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Qhov Nruab Nrab, Nruab Nrab, thiab Hom: Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho
Pendahuluuan
Hauv kev suav lej, kev nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas xam qhov nruab nrab, nruab nrab, thiab hom yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov no yog peb qhov kev ntsuas uas siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Qhov nruab nrab, nruab nrab, thiab hom yog siv los sau cov ntaub ntawv lej nrog ib tus lej sawv cev tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias tag nrho peb yam no tuaj yeem siv ua ke, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev suav thiab cov xwm txheej uas txhua qhov kev ntsuas tsim nyog dua.
Nruab Nrab (Nruab Nrab)
Kev Txhais Lus
Qhov nruab nrab yog qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa faib los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov nqi ntawd. Qhov nruab nrab muab lub tswv yim ntawm 'qhov chaw nruab nrab' ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, tab sis nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov outliers (cov nqi siab heev).
Cov Kauj Ruam Los Xam Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab
1. Tag Nrho Cov Nqi: Ntxiv tag nrho cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.
2. Suav Tus Naj Npawb ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Txheeb xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg tus nqi nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.
3. Faib Qhov Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Los Ntawm Tus Naj Npawb ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev faib no yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.
Piv txwv:
Xav tias peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10.
- Muab tag nrho cov nqi ntxiv ua ke: 3 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 37
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: 5
- Xam qhov nruab nrab: 37 / 5 = 7.4
Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog 7.4.
Nruab Nrab (Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab)
Kev Txhais Lus
Tus lej nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev cov lej. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev cov lej yog khib, tus lej nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov nqi yog txawm, tus lej nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm ob tus nqi nruab nrab.
Cov Kauj Ruam Los Xam Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab
1. Txheeb Cov Nqi: Npaj cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa los ntawm qhov me tshaj plaws mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws.
2. Txheeb xyuas tus lej ntawm cov nqi: Suav tus lej ntawm cov nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.
3. Nrhiav Tus Nqi Nruab Nrab:
- Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov nqi yog khib, qhov nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab.
- Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov nqi yog txawm, qhov nruab nrab yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm ob tus nqi nruab nrab.
Piv txwv 1 (Suav cov nqi khib):
Cov ntaub ntawv: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
- Cais cov nqi: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
– Tag nrho tus nqi: 5 (khib)
– Nruab Nrab: tus nqi thib 3 (7)
Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog 8.
Piv txwv 2 (Tus lej ntawm cov nqi sib npaug):
Cov ntaub ntawv: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- Cais cov nqi: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- Tag nrho tus nqi: 6 (txawm)
- Nruab Nrab: qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus nqi thib 3 thiab thib 4 -> (6 + 8) / 2 = 7
Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog 7.
Hom (Tus nqi tshwm sim ntau zaus)
Kev Txhais Lus
Hom yog tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Ib cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa yuav muaj ntau dua ib hom lossis tsis muaj hom kiag li yog tias tsis muaj tus nqi tshwm sim ntau zaus dua li lwm tus.
Cov Kauj Ruam Rau Kev Xam Hom
1. Xam Qhov Zaus ntawm Txhua Tus Nqi: Txheeb xyuas seb txhua tus nqi tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev cia.
2. Txheeb xyuas Tus Nqi uas muaj Zaus Siab Tshaj Plaws: Tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus yog hom.
Piv txwv:
Xav tias peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9.
- Xam qhov zaus ntawm txhua tus nqi:
– 4 tshwm sim 2 zaug
– 5 tshwm sim 1 zaug
– 7 tshwm sim 3 zaug
– 8 tshwm sim 1 zaug
– 9 tshwm sim 2 zaug
Yog li ntawd, hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog 7 vim nws tshwm sim ntau zaus (3 zaug).
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tshwj Xeeb
Tsis muaj hom:
Yog tias txhua tus nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tshwm sim nrog tib zaus, ces tsis muaj hom. Piv txwv li: 2, 3, 4, 5.
Multimodal:
Yog tias ob lossis ntau tus nqi tshwm sim nrog tib zaus thiab qhov zaus ntawd yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, ces cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa hu ua multimodal. Piv txwv li: 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 muaj ob hom, uas yog 3 thiab 4.
Kev faib tawm tsis sib xws:
- Zoo sib xws: Nruab nrab > Nruab Nrab > Hom
- Tsis Zoo Sib Xws: Hom > Nruab Nrab > Nruab Nrab
Cov Ntawv Thov thiab Cov Kev Txwv
Cov ntawv thov
1. Tus lej nruab nrab yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas txhua tus lej hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li: xam qhov qhab nia xeem nruab nrab hauv ib chav kawm.
2. Tus lej nruab nrab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thaum cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov outliers lossis qhov kev faib tawm yog skewed heev. Piv txwv li, nrhiav tus nqi tsev nruab nrab hauv ib cheeb tsam.
3. Hom feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv categorical lossis cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zaus siab ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov khaub ncaws muag ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub khw.
Cov kev txwv
- Qhov nruab nrab yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov outliers thiab yog li ntawd tsis ib txwm qhia txog qhov tseeb 'chaw' ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev faib tawm skewed.
- Tus lej nruab nrab tsis xav txog txhua tus nqi hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa yog li nws yuav tsis qhia txog txhua cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
- Hom yuav tsis muab daim duab tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias txhua tus nqi muaj tib lub zaus lossis muaj ntau hom.
Xaus
Qhov nruab nrab, nruab nrab, thiab hom yog peb qhov kev ntsuas uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua tus muaj cov ntawv thov thiab cov kev txwv sib txawv, thiab kev xaiv qhov yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus nug tshuaj xyuas ntawm tes. Los ntawm kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas xam thiab thaum twg siv txhua qhov kev ntsuas, peb tuaj yeem ua qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo dua thiab raug raws li cov ntaub ntawv.
