Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom QHD rau Cov Xov Tooj Smartphones
Cov zaub QHD (Quad High Definition) tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj ntse nruab nrab mus rau cov xov tooj tseem ceeb. Lo lus QHD hauv cov xov tooj ntse feem ntau hais txog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kwv yees li 2560 × 1440 pixels (lossis ib qho variant nrog qhov sib piv ntev xws li 3200 × 1440), uas muab cov lus qhia siab thiab cov ntsiab lus rau cov ntawv nyeem, cov duab, cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab kev ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qhov zoo ntawm cov duab ntse ntawd yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj, siab precision uas muaj cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis siab heev. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom QHD, txij li kev tsim qauv mus rau kev sim zaum kawg.
1. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Vaj Huam Sib Luag thiab Kev Tsim Qauv Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pib ntev ua ntej lub Hoobkas tsim cov vaj huam sib luag. Pab pawg R&D tsim cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb: qhov loj ntawm lub vijtsam (piv txwv li, 6,5 nti), hom vaj huam sib luag (OLED/AMOLED lossis LCD), refresh rate (60 Hz, 120 Hz, lossis txawm tias 144 Hz), qhov ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws, kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, kev txhawb nqa HDR, thiab cov hom phiaj tsim xim (DCI-P3, sRGB) thiab qhov tseeb (Delta E).
Cov theem no kuj txiav txim siab txog cov qauv pixel (piv txwv li, RGB stripe lossis Pentile ntawm OLED), qhov sib piv ntawm qhov aperture (qhov sib piv ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas tso tawm lub teeb), thiab cov qauv txheej, uas cuam tshuam rau kev xa lub teeb, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev ruaj khov. Rau QHD, qhov kev sib tw yog kom ntseeg tau tias muaj pixel ceev ceev yam tsis muaj kev txi qhov kaj thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
2. Kev Npaj Khoom Siv: Lub Hauv Paus Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Lub substrate yog "lub hauv paus" uas tag nrho cov qauv zaub tau tsim. Cov vaj huam sib luag OLED niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov iav ultra-thin lossis cov polymer-based substrates (piv txwv li, polyimide) kom tso cai rau lub vijtsam kom nkhaus lossis muaj cov bezels nyias dua. Rau LCDs, lub substrate feem ntau yog iav.
Cov theem npaj suav nrog kev ntxuav tshuaj, ziab, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw. Txawm tias cov khoom me me lossis cov pa phem me me tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab tuag, lub teeb xau, lossis cov xim tsis sib xws. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav hauv chav huv si.
3. Txheej Txheem TFT Backplane: Pixel Control "Circuit"
Ob qho tib si OLED thiab LCD xav tau ib txheej TFT (Thin Film Transistor) ua ib lub backplane, ib lub network ntawm transistors uas tswj txhua pixel. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom nyuaj tshaj plaws vim tias QHD kev daws teeb meem txhais tau tias muaj ntau tus pixels; txhua pixel muaj subpixels uas yuav tsum tau tswj, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm lub circuit.
Cov kauj ruam dav dav hauv kev tsim TFT suav nrog:
1. Kev tso zaj duab xis nyias nyias: Cov khoom siv semiconductor (piv txwv li LTPS—Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon lossis LTPO—Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) raug tso rau ntawm ib lub substrate.
2. Photolithography: Tus qauv ntawm lub voj voog transistor raug luam tawm siv photoresist thiab lub ntsej muag. Cov txheej txheem no txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov yam ntxwv, suav nrog cov hlau thiab thaj chaw transistor.
3. Kev txiav thiab ntxuav: Cov khoom tsis tsim nyog raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg / plasma.
4. Kev Ua Kub: Kev tswj cua sov kom txhim kho cov qauv siv lead ua thiab ua kom cov hluav taws xob txav mus los ntau dua.
Cov thev naus laus zis LTPO tau txais kev nyiam hauv QHD cov zaub nrog cov nqi hloov kho tshiab vim nws lub zog txuag tau zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj dua vim nws muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm LTPS thiab oxide ua ke.
4. Kev Tsim Cov Txheej Txheem Tso Tawm (OLED) lossis Cov Txheej Txheem Siv Crystal Liquid (LCD)
Txij ntawm no mus, cov txheej txheem ntws sib txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm hom vaj huam sib luag.
a) Yog tias QHD OLED/AMOLED
Cov vaj huam sib luag OLED xav tau ib txheej organic uas tawm lub teeb. Cov txheej no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev thermal evaporation (VTE) siv lub ntsej muag hlau zoo (FMM), lossis lwm txoj hauv kev xws li inkjet luam ntawv hauv qee txoj hauv kev tsim khoom.
– Lub Npog Hlau Zoo (FMM): Lub npog uas nyias heev yog siv los tso cov khoom siv RGB organic rau ntawm thaj chaw subpixel meej. Rau cov kev daws teeb meem siab xws li QHD, qhov kev sib dhos kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub npog tuaj yeem warp lossis deform vim kub, xav tau kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thiab kub.
- Cov txheej Cathode thiab anode: Cov electrodes pob tshab (piv txwv li ITO—Indium Tin Oxide) thiab qee cov txheej hlau tsim cov qauv ntawm cov organic diode.
Tom qab tso cov khoom, cov panels yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov dej noo thiab cov pa oxygen, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv organic yog rhiab heev.
b) Yog tias QHD LCD
Cov LCDs tsis tso tawm lub teeb thiab xav tau lub teeb nraub qaum. Lawv cov qauv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Txheej sib dhos los kho qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua
- Spacers kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib nrug ntawm cov iav
- Kev sau cov kua siv lead ua kua los ntawm cov txheej txheem sau lub tshuab nqus tsev
- Cov tshuaj sealant los kaw cov panels
Hauv QHD LCDs, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb suav nrog kev sib npaug ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua thiab kev tswj qhov tuab kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib piv lossis lub teeb xau.
5. Xim Lim thiab Polarizer (Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm LCD)
Hauv LCDs, cov lim xim yog cov txheej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav. Cov lim no yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem photolithography rov ua dua rau txhua xim. Tom qab ntawd, lub polarizer raug ntsia los tswj lub polarization ntawm lub teeb, uas tso cai rau LCD "thaiv" lossis "dhau" lub teeb los ntawm lub backlight.
Hauv OLEDs, cov polarizers kuj siv tau (piv txwv li kom txo qhov kev cuam tshuam), tab sis qee qhov kev tsim niaj hnub siv lwm txoj kev xws li cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam (AR) thiab cov txheej txheem polarizer zoo tshaj plaws.
6. Kev Ntim: Tiv Thaiv Lub Vaj Huam Sib Luag los ntawm Ib puag ncig
Kev siv encapsulation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov txheej tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau OLEDs. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev siv ntau:
- Iav encapsulation (ntau dua nruj, feem ntau nyob rau hauv qee qhov tsim)
- Thin-Film Encapsulation (TFE) (feem ntau nyob rau hauv OLEDs uas yooj ywm), uas yog ntau txheej nyias nyias inorganic-organic uas tau teeb tsa dua kom tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm dej / oxygen.
Kev kaw yuav tsum nruj heev; cov xau me me tuaj yeem ua rau "cov pob dub" tshwm sim uas nthuav dav dhau sijhawm vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv organic.
7. Kev Hloov Kho: Kev Sib Koom Ua Ib Lub Vev Xaib Rau Hauv Ib Lub Vev Xaib
Thaum lub vaj huam sib luag hauv paus tiav lawm, cov txheej txheem txav mus rau theem module. Ntawm no, lub vaj huam sib luag raug muab tso ua ke nrog cov khoom txhawb nqa:
- Npog iav (piv txwv li Gorilla Glass)
- Kov sensor (hauv-cell, ntawm-cell, lossis cais)
- Cov nplaum optical clear (OCA) rau kev lamination tsis muaj npuas
- IC tsav tsheb thiab flex cable (FPC) rau kev txuas rau lub motherboard
Kev lamination yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb: hmoov av lossis npuas dej cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo. Rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus QHD, cov qhov tsis zoo me me tuaj yeem pom tseeb vim tias qhov ntse siab ua rau cov qhov tsis zoo yooj yim dua los nrhiav.
8. Kev Kho Xim thiab Kev Teeb tsa Optical Parameter
Feem ntau cov vaj huam sib luag QHD yog tsom rau kev tso saib cov xim tseeb thiab sib xws. Vim tias kev tsim khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, cov chaw tsim khoom:
- Kev ntsuas qhov taw tes dawb (piv txwv li D65)
- Kev sib phim gamma
- Kev ntsuas qhov chaw npog xim (sRGB / DCI-P3)
- Kev hloov kho qhov kaj tsis sib xws
Qhov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem txuag tau ua ib qho profile hauv lub cim xeeb vaj huam sib luag lossis them los ntawm software ntawm lub cuab yeej.
9. Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Kev Ntsuas Nruj Nruj Kom Tswj Tau Qhov Sib Xws
Ua ntej cov vaj huam sib luag raug xa mus rau lub rooj sib dhos xov tooj ntawm tes, muaj ntau qhov kev sim:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas pixel: nrhiav pom cov pixels tuag / daig lossis subpixel tsis sib xws
- Kev xeem sib xws: xyuas seb cov xim sib xws thiab qhov ci ntsa iab li cas
– Kev sim hlawv (OLED xwb): khiav lub vaj huam sib luag hauv qee qhov xwm txheej kom ruaj khov cov yam ntxwv pib thiab nrhiav pom cov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ntxov.
- Kev sim kov: ua kom muaj kev teb kov du thiab raug
- Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg tau: kev ntsuam xyuas kub/av noo, kev ntsuam xyuas poob module, kev caij tsheb kauj vab thermal, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus
Cov vaj huam sib luag uas tsis ua tau raws li kev kam rau siab yuav raug faib dua (khawb pov tseg) lossis raug tsis lees txais.
10. Cov Teeb Meem Tseem Ceeb hauv Kev Tsim Khoom QHD Zaub
Kev nce qhov kev daws teeb meem mus rau QHD ntxiv lub nra hnyav rau ntau yam ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov pixel ceev siab xav tau:
- Kev thaij duab zoo dua
- Lub ntsej muag thiab kev sib dhos nruj dua (OLED nrog FMM xwb)
- Cov tsav tsheb IC thiab cov teeb liab uas muaj peev xwm tuav cov ntaub ntawv loj dua
- Tswj kev siv hluav taws xob kom lub roj teeb ua haujlwm tau zoo
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, QHD feem ntau yog ua ke nrog cov nqi refresh siab, uas xav tau cov thev naus laus zis backplane siab dua (piv txwv li LTPO) thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau QHD smartphone zaub yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, kev tsim khoom semiconductor, thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo. Txij li qhov kev tsim ntawm TFT backplane, mus rau qhov tso tawm ntawm cov txheej emissive lossis cov kua siv lead ua kua, mus rau qhov encapsulation thiab kev kho xim, txhua kauj ruam yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrog kev ua haujlwm siab heev. Qhov kawg yog qhov zaub uas ntse, muaj yeeb yuj, thiab teb tau - ib qho khoom uas feem ntau yog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg siv smartphone niaj hnub no.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem kho tsab xov xwm no kom muaj kev txawj ntse ntau dua (piv txwv li tham txog LTPO vs LTPS, Pentile subpixel qauv, lossis cov kauj ruam photolithography), lossis nrov dua thiab yooj yim nkag siab rau tus nyeem ntawv dav dav.
