Tsim thiab Tsim Cov Npoos Ntsuas Uas Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tau Zoo
Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv mobile nyias nyias, sib dua, thiab muaj zog txuas ntxiv mus, tab sis muaj ib qho kev txwv tsis pub dhau: lub roj teeb siv tau ntev. Cov ntsiav tshuaj niaj hnub no siv rau kev kawm, ua haujlwm, kos duab, nyeem ntawv, thiab txawm tias rau ntau teev kev lom zem. Vim tias qhov screen yog qhov feem ntau nquag ua haujlwm thiab siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws, kev tsim thiab tsim cov ntsiav tshuaj uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txuas lub roj teeb lub neej yam tsis ua rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav seb kev tsim vaj huam sib luag, cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsav, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom cuam tshuam li cas rau kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj.
1. Vim li cas lub vijtsam thiaj yog lub "power hog" tseem ceeb?
Cov zaub ua haujlwm ntawm ob qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb: kev tsim duab thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Ntawm ntau lub ntsiav tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj LCDs, feem ntau ntawm lub zog yog siv los ntawm lub teeb backlight uas ci rau lub vaj huam sib luag. Qhov siab dua qhov ci ntsa iab, qhov ntau dua tam sim no uas LED backlight xav tau. Ntawm OLED cov zaub, tsis muaj backlight; txhua pixel tso tawm nws tus kheej lub teeb, yog li cov ntsiab lus ci ntsa iab (xws li keeb kwm yav dhau dawb) tuaj yeem ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, cov circuits tsav tsheb (ICs), kev ua cov teeb liab, thiab cov nqi refresh siab kuj ntxiv rau lub nra hnyav ntawm lub zog.
2. Xaiv cov thev naus laus zis vaj huam sib luag: LCD, OLED, thiab lwm txoj hauv kev
LCD txuag hluav taws xob: qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv lub backlight thiab lub teeb kis tau
Cov LCDs tseem siv dav vim lawv qhov ruaj khov, xim sib xws, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis. Txhawm rau txuag hluav taws xob, cov chaw tsim khoom nce kev xa hluav taws xob (lub vaj huam sib luag lub peev xwm xa lub teeb). Qhov siab dua qhov kev xa hluav taws xob, qhov qis dua qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub backlight uas xav tau rau tib qho zaub. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab xws li cov qauv cell ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, cov polarizers zoo dua, thiab txo qhov poob lub teeb hauv cov txheej optical tuaj yeem txo qhov xav tau hluav taws xob.
OLED: pheej yig hauv qee qhov xwm txheej
OLEDs zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib piv thiab tuab. Vim tias lawv cov pixels yog tus kheej-illuminating, OLEDs tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob zoo thaum tso saib cov ntsiab lus tsaus ntuj (hom tsaus ntuj, cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog ntau thaj chaw dub). Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev siv khoom tsim tau zoo xws li nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau dawb, OLEDs tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li qee lub LCDs. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv tsim OLED uas siv hluav taws xob feem ntau vam khom kev ua kom zoo dua software (cov ntsiab lus tsaus ntuj), kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv emissive, thiab kev tswj hwm qhov kaj.
Mini-LED thiab Micro-LED
Feem ntau Mini-LEDs siv ua cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv LCDs nrog kev tsaus ntuj hauv zos. Nrog rau thaj chaw tsaus ntuj, thaj chaw tsaus ntawm lub vijtsam tsis tas yuav ci ntsa iab, txo kev siv hluav taws xob thaum tso saib cov ntsiab lus sib piv siab. Micro-LEDs cog lus tias yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab siv tau ntev, tab sis lawv cov khoom tsim tawm tseem nyuaj thiab kim rau cov ntsiav tshuaj loj.
3. Kev hloov kho tshiab thiab kev tswj hwm thav duab
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv txuag hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws yog cov nqi hloov kho tshiab, lossis LTPO (Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) panels, ntawm qee cov zaub. Cov nqi hloov kho tshiab siab (90 Hz, 120 Hz) ua rau cov duab kos zoo li du, tab sis lawv ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua. Nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis hloov kho tau, cov zaub tuaj yeem poob rau 60 Hz, 30 Hz, lossis txawm tias 10–1 Hz thaum tso saib cov ntsiab lus zoo li e-books lossis cov duab tseem. Qhov kev hloov kho tshiab qis dua no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev txuag hluav taws xob vim tias lub vaj huam sib luag tsis tas yuav hloov kho daim duab ntau zaus.
Nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub vaj huam sib luag xwb; lub operating system kuj ua lub luag haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus tsis hloov pauv tuaj yeem kho tau raws li qhov hloov tshiab ib nrab, yog li tsuas yog qee qhov chaw raug hloov kho tshiab. Hauv cov ntawv sau lossis daim ntawv thov kos duab, piv txwv li, tsuas yog cov stylus strokes raug hloov kho, tsis yog tag nrho lub vijtsam.
4. Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub teeb: ua kom lub teeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws
Feem ntau lub zog ntawm lub vijtsam raug pov tseg tsis yog vim nws tsis ci txaus, tab sis vim tsis yog tag nrho lub teeb mus txog tus neeg siv lub qhov muag. Cov chaw tsim khoom ua kom zoo dua:
- Cov Polarizers thiab cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag: txo qhov poob ntawm lub teeb thaum hla dhau lub lim dej polarizing.
– Phaj qhia teeb (LGP) ntawm LCD: faib lub teeb kom sib npaug zos kom tsis tas yuav ci ntau dhau los npog cov chaw tsaus ntuj.
– Tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam (AR) thiab tiv thaiv kev ci ntsa iab: Kev cuam tshuam siab ua rau cov neeg siv ua kom qhov ci ntsa iab ntxiv. Yog tias muaj AR zoo, lub vijtsam tseem nyeem tau ntawm qhov ci qis dua.
– Kev sib txuas ntawm qhov muag: sib koom ua ke lub vaj huam sib luag thiab iav tiv thaiv nrog cov nplaum kho qhov muag kom txo cov kev cuam tshuam sab hauv thiab txhim kho kev nyeem tau yooj yim.
Tag nrho cov kev ua kom zoo no ua rau lub ntsiav tshuaj xis nyob siv tau ntau yam teeb pom kev zoo yam tsis tas yuav ua rau lub teeb nraub qaum ua haujlwm hnyav dhau.
5. IC, TCON, thiab cov qauv tsav tsheb uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg
Tom qab qhov xwm txheej yog cov khoom tseem ceeb: TCON (lub sijhawm tswj), lub rooj vag/qhov chaw tsav tsheb, thiab lub voj voog tswj hluav taws xob. Tus qauv tsim uas txuag hluav taws xob suav nrog:
- Tus tsav tsheb IC qis voltage: siv cov txheej txheem semiconductor zoo dua kom txo qhov xau tam sim no.
- Kev hloov kho qhov hluav taws xob dynamic: qhov hluav taws xob los tsav cov pixels raug kho raws li cov duab xav tau.
- Vaj huam sib luag rov ua dua tshiab: lub vaj huam sib luag txuag cov thav duab kawg thiab khaws cia yam tsis muaj kev xa cov ntaub ntawv tas mus li los ntawm lub processor tseem ceeb, tsim rau cov zaub zoo li qub.
- Kev txuag nyiaj tsis siv: txo lub moos thiab tua cov blocks tsis siv.
Cov kev ua kom zoo dua no qee zaum cov neeg siv tsis pom, tab sis lawv qhov kev pab txhawb nqa yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv txhua hnub.
6. Kev hloov kho qhov kaj thiab cov sensors ib puag ncig
Cov ntsiav tshuaj niaj hnub no vam khom cov sensors teeb pom kev zoo kom hloov kho qhov kaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kaj uas txuag hluav taws xob tiag tiag tsis tsuas yog tsa lossis txo qhov backlight xwb. Ib lub system zoo xav txog:
- cov kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv,
– hom ntsiab lus (nyeem ntawv piv rau video),
- qhov kub ntawm xim (qhov dawb) kom nws xis nyob,
- thiab ib qho lus teb uas tsis "flicker" yog li cov neeg siv tsis raug ntxias kom ua kom qhov ci ntsa iab ntxiv.
Hauv OLED, qhov kaj uas paub txog cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txo cov cheeb tsam dawb ci dhau lossis txwv qhov kaj siab tshaj plaws kom tiv thaiv kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau.
7. Kev daws teeb meem, pixel density, thiab computational load
Cov kev daws teeb meem siab yog qhov ntse, tab sis lawv ua rau cov pixels uas yuav tsum tau tsiv, ua tiav, thiab hloov mus ntau dua. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov zaub xwb tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau GPU thiab lub cim xeeb. Kev tsim qauv siv hluav taws xob zoo sib npaug qhov loj ntawm qhov screen, qhov deb ntawm kev saib, thiab qhov kev daws teeb meem txaus rau qhov ntse yam tsis tas siv hluav taws xob ntau. Qee cov khoom siv siv dynamic rendering lossis kev ntsuas qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv qee qhov xwm txheej kom txuag hluav taws xob thaum tsis xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
8. Kev tsim khoom: cov ntaub ntawv, cov qoob loo, thiab kev ruaj khov
Cov ntxaij vab tshaus txuag hluav taws xob kuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Hauv kev tsim vaj huam sib luag, qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws yog ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo (tus naj npawb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag siv tau). Cov txiaj ntsig qis ua rau cov nqi nce thiab ua rau cov nqi hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv.
Qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom:
- Xaiv cov khoom siv OLED emission zoo dua thiab ruaj khov dua los txo cov kev xav tau tam sim no thaum ncav cuag qee qhov ci ntsa iab.
- Tswj cov txheej tuab hauv cov txheej txheem tso tawm (rau OLED) lossis kev sib dhos ntawm tes (rau LCD) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob sib xws.
- Kev kho xim thiab kev sib xws: cov vaj huam sib luag uas tsis sib xws feem ntau "yuam" kom ci dua hauv qee thaj chaw, ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab nce ntxiv.
- Kev tsim kho cua sov: kev tso cua sov zoo tswj tau LED backlight efficiency thiab OLED lub neej, vim tias cua sov ntau dhau ua rau lub zog poob ntau ntxiv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tab tom pib them sai sai rau kev siv cov khoom siv zoo rau ib puag ncig, txo cov tshuaj pov tseg, thiab txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob hauv Hoobkas los ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo.
9. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm software: cov ntsiab lus, UI, thiab kev siv cwj pwm
Kev txuag hluav taws xob tsis yog tsuas yog kho vajtse xwb. Lub operating system thiab cov applications ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, piv txwv li:
- Hom tsaus ntuj: siv tau rau OLED, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub interface siv keeb kwm yav dhau dub / tsaus ntuj, tsis yog xim grey.
- Kev tswj tus nqi refresh ib-app: nyeem cov apps tuaj yeem raug xauv rau 30 Hz lossis qis dua, thaum cov kev ua si tseem nyob ntawm 120 Hz.
- Cov chaw teeb tsa ntse rau lub sijhawm tawm ntawm lub vijtsam thiab cov yam ntxwv ib txwm qhib.
- Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus: kev ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo txo qhov kev thauj khoom thiab cua sov, uas thaum kawg cuam tshuam rau kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev npaj UI kom zoo thiab kev tswj hwm lub kaw lus tuaj yeem txhim kho lub roj teeb lub neej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv.
10. Txoj kev
Kev tsim thiab tsim cov ntsiav tshuaj uas txuag hluav taws xob yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab txog kev siv tshuab: xaiv cov thev naus laus zis vaj huam sib luag (LCD, OLED, mini-LED), txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb kom txo qhov poob ntawm lub teeb, siv cov nqi hloov kho tshiab, siv cov tsav tsheb ICs uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab sib txuas tag nrho cov no nrog software ntse. Ntawm theem tsim khoom, kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txiaj ntsig siab, thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo kuj txiav txim siab "tus nqi zog" ntawm cov zaub, ob qho tib si siv thiab thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
Txij no mus, cov neeg siv yuav xav tau cov zaub ci dua tab sis txuag hluav taws xob ntau dua, cov zaub teb tau zoo tab sis txuag hluav taws xob, thiab cov zaub ntse uas tsis ua rau lub roj teeb hnyav. Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv LTPO, kev tsaus ntuj hauv zos kom meej dua, cov khoom siv OLED ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua yuav txuas ntxiv mus txhawb cov ntsiav tshuaj mus rau hauv cov khoom siv ntev dua - tsis yog tsuas yog ntawm ib qho them xwb, tab sis kuj hais txog lub neej ntev thiab kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
