Keeb Kwm thiab Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Is Taws Nem
Lub internet yog ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm tib neeg, hloov pauv txoj kev peb nyob, ua haujlwm, thiab sib txuas lus. Keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub internet yog ib zaj dab neeg ntev uas muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav txoj kev taug kev ntev no txij li thaum pib mus txog niaj hnub no.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, internet yog dab tsi?
Lub Is Taws Nem yog ib lub network thoob ntiaj teb uas txuas ntau lab lub khoos phis tawj thoob ntiaj teb, ua rau lawv sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib txuas lus. Lub network framework no suav nrog ntau lub network me me, suav nrog tsoomfwv, kev kawm, kev lag luam, thiab cov koom haum ntiag tug, txhua tus siv cov txheej txheem txheem, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Keeb kwm ntawm Is Taws Nem
ARPANET: Thawj Lub Hauv Paus (Xyoo 1960)
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm internet tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1960, thaum Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Qib Siab (ARPA) ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua ib qhov project tshawb fawb hu ua ARPANET. Qhov kev pib no lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib lub network uas yuav tiv taus kev tawm tsam tub rog thiab kev puas tsuaj.
ARPANET tau pib thawj qhov kev sib txuas lus hauv network siv cov thev naus laus zis hloov pauv pob ntawv, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho hauv internet. Kev hloov pauv pob ntawv tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv faib ua cov pob ntawv me me, xa sib cais thiab tom qab ntawd rov sib sau ua ke ntawm lawv qhov chaw kawg. Paul Baran thiab Donald Davies yog ob tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub tswv yim no.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj hnub tim 29, xyoo 1969, thawj cov lus tau raug xa los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntawm University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) mus rau lub khoos phis tawj ntawm Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Txawm hais tias cov lus tsuas muaj lo lus "LOGIN," uas raug txiav tawm tom qab ob tsab ntawv thawj zaug ("LO"), nws yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev taug kev ntev ntawm internet.
Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab Network
TCP/IP thiab Kev Nthuav Dav ntawm ARPANET (Xyoo 1970)
Xyoo 1970, ARPANET txuas ntxiv mus loj hlob, txuas ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem network tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab xyoo 1974, Vinton Cerf thiab Robert Kahn tau tawm tswv yim TCP/IP protocol suite, uas tau los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem.
Xyoo 1983, ARPANET tau txais yuav TCP/IP ua nws tus qauv protocol, hloov Network Control Protocol (NCP) qub. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau ntau lub network sib txuas lus tau siv cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb no.
NSFNET thiab Kev Lag Luam (Xyoo 1980)
Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1980, Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws Meskas (NSF) tau pib tsim NSFNET, lub network los txuas cov chaw suav lej ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. NSFNET muaj peev xwm bandwidth siab dua ARPANET thiab tau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho Is Taws Nem hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb tiag, cov tes hauj lwm sab nraum Tebchaws Meskas tau pib txuas nrog NSFNET, uas yog txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim lub network thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum xyoo 1980s thiab xyoo 1990s thaum ntxov, cov tuam txhab lag luam tau pib pom lub peev xwm loj heev ntawm internet. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, nrog rau cov kev pabcuam internet tau muab rau pej xeem.
Kev Yug Los Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Tim Berners-Lee thiab HTTP/HTML (1989-1991)
Xyoo 1989 yog ib xyoo tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho hauv internet nrog rau kev tshawb pom ntawm World Wide Web (WWW) los ntawm Tim Berners-Lee, tus kws tshawb fawb computer ntawm CERN. Berners-Lee tau tsim Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), thiab lub tswv yim ntawm Uniform Resource Locator (URL), uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus thiab txuas thoob plaws hauv internet.
Xyoo 1991, Berners-Lee tau qhia txog World Wide Web rau pej xeem. Los ntawm WWW, internet tau yooj yim nkag mus tau thiab siv tau los ntawm cov pej xeem. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev siv internet ntau heev hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, tsim kom muaj txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab so kom txaus los sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Cov Browser Yooj Yim rau Mosaic (1993)
Kev tsim cov web browsers kuj ua rau kev siv internet sai dua. Xyoo 1993, Marc Andreessen thiab nws pab neeg ntawm National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) tau tso tawm Mosaic, thawj lub web browser uas ua tiav hauv kev lag luam. Mosaic tau qhia txog cov yam ntxwv xws li cov duab kos thiab lub interface yooj yim siv, ua rau kev nkag mus rau WWW yooj yim dua rau cov neeg siv.
Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse Hauv Is Taws Nem Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Kev Nce ntawm ISP thiab Kev Loj Hlob Sai (Xyoo 1990 - 2000)
Xyoo 1990, cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv internet (ISP) tau pib loj hlob sai, muab kev pabcuam hauv internet rau cov neeg siv hauv tsev thiab cov lag luam. Cov kev pabcuam dial-up, uas siv cov xov tooj rau kev sib txuas hauv internet, tau nrov heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Cov neeg siv internet tau nce siab heev. Txij li ob peb txhiab tus neeg siv thaum xyoo 1990s, tus lej no tau nce ob npaug txhua ob peb xyoos. Nws nyuaj rau xav txog tam sim no, tab sis rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawd, txawm tias yooj yim browsing thiab xa email xav tau sijhawm thiab kev ua siab ntev, vim qhov ceev tsawg heev.
Broadband thiab Kev Hloov Pauv Ceev (2000s)
Xyoo 2000s nruab nrab mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo tau pom kev hloov pauv loj heev los ntawm kev sib txuas dial-up mus rau broadband. Kev sib txuas broadband, uas suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable, thiab fiber optic, muab kev ceev ceev dua thiab kev ruaj khov zoo dua li kev sib txuas dial-up ib txwm muaj. Nrog rau kev ceev hauv internet siab dua, ntau cov ntsiab lus multimedia, xws li streaming video thiab kev ua si online, tau pib nthuav dav.
Internet nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog niaj hnub no: Mobile thiab Advanced Broadband
Cov Xov Tooj Ntawm Tes thiab Internet Txawb (2010s)
Xyoo 2010, kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm xov tooj ntse thiab 4G tes hauj lwm ntawm tes tau qhib ib tshooj tshiab hauv keeb kwm internet. Cov xov tooj ntse, nrog rau lawv lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv internet los ntawm txhua qhov chaw thiab txhua lub sijhawm, tau hloov pauv cov qauv siv internet. Cov ntawv thov mobile xws li kev tshaj xov xwm hauv zej zog, cov kev pabcuam xa xov tam sim ntawd, thiab cov apps e-commerce tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev peb sib txuas lus, yuav khoom, thiab sib raug zoo.
5G Networks thiab Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Is Taws Nem (2020s)
Tam sim no, nrog rau kev qhia txog thev naus laus zis 5G, lub ntiaj teb tab tom yuav muaj kev hloov pauv hauv internet tom ntej. 5G cog lus tias yuav muaj kev ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua, latency qis heev, thiab muaj peev xwm txuas ntau lab lub cuab yeej hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT). Cov thev naus laus zis no yuav tsis tsuas yog txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv internet xwb tab sis kuj qhib cov cib fim tshiab hauv cov lag luam xws li kev kho mob, tsheb, thiab kev tsim khoom ntse.
Kev kaw
Txij li ARPANET mus txog 5G, internet tau hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau yuav luag txhua yam ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Keeb kwm ntawm internet yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv thev naus laus zis, thiab kev hloov kho tas li. Raws li cov hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub nyoog digital, internet yuav txuas ntxiv hloov pauv thiab tsim peb lub neej yav tom ntej.
