Keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm Gregorian Calendar
Daim ntawv qhia hnub yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej. Nws teeb tsa lub sijhawm, tswj cov haujlwm, thiab pab npaj rau yav tom ntej. Ib qho kev siv daim ntawv qhia hnub uas siv thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub no yog daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv qhia hnub no tsis yog tib neeg thawj qhov kev xaiv. Yuav kom nkag siab txog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian, peb yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas nws txoj kev hloov pauv mus raws sijhawm.
Tom qab: Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub
Ua ntej Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau qhia, Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog lub kaw lus daim ntawv qhia hnub uas ntau lub tebchaws sab hnub poob siv. Daim ntawv qhia hnub no tau qhia los ntawm Julius Caesar hauv xyoo 46 BC, ua tsaug rau cov lus qhia ntawm Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes. Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub yog ib qho kev sim los txhim kho lub kaw lus Roman daim ntawv qhia hnub tsis raug. Nws muaj 365-hnub ib xyoos nrog ib hnub ntxiv txhua plaub xyoos, hu ua leap xyoo. Qhov no ua rau Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub nruab nrab ib xyoos ntawm 365,25 hnub.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, ib xyoos sov so, lossis lub sijhawm uas lub ntiaj teb siv los ncig lub hnub, yog kwv yees li 365,24219 hnub. Yog li ntawd, Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau sau qhov yuam kev kwv yees li 11 feeb txhua xyoo. Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv me me, dhau ntau pua xyoo, qhov yuam kev no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv hnub ntawm vernal equinox (qhov chaw uas lub hnub nyob ncaj qha saum toj ntawm lub equator thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav) thiab hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej kev ntseeg xws li Easter.
Kev qhia txog Gregorian Calendar
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lwm yam yuam kev hauv Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb. Lub caij nplooj zeeg, uas yuav tsum tau poob rau lub Peb Hlis 21, tam sim no poob rau ib puag ncig lub Peb Hlis 11. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev suav cov hnub tseem ceeb hauv kev ntseeg Vajtswv.
Ua teb rau qhov no, Vaj Ntxwv Gregory XIII tau txiav txim siab hloov kho Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 1582, Vaj Ntxwv Gregory XIII tau tshaj tawm tsab cai papal Inter Gravissimas, uas tau tsim kev hloov pauv rau lub kaw lus daim ntawv qhia hnub. Daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab no hu ua Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub, uas tau muab lub npe rau tus Vaj Ntxwv uas tau qhia nws.
Cov Kev Hloov Tseem Ceeb
Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tau hloov pauv ntau yam tseem ceeb rau Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Nov yog qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawd:
1. Tsis suav 10 Hnub: Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem uas tau sib sau ua ke ntau pua xyoo, 10 hnub tau raug tsis suav txij lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1582. Hnub tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj hnub tim 4, xyoo 1582, tau raug ua raws li lub Kaum Hli Ntuj hnub tim 15, xyoo 1582.
2. Xyoo Leap: Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tseem khaws lub tswv yim ntawm ib xyoos leap txhua plaub xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev zam: xyoo faib los ntawm plaub puas yog xyoo leap, thaum xyoo faib los ntawm ib puas tsuas yog tab sis tsis yog plaub puas tsis yog. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1600 yog xyoo leap, tab sis xyoo 1700, 1800, thiab 1900 tsis yog.
3. Kev Kho Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg: Daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab teeb tsa lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg kom poob rau lub Peb Hlis 21.
Kev Faib Tawm thiab Kev Siv
Txawm hais tias Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau qhia rau xyoo 1582, nws tsis tau txais yuav tam sim ntawd thoob ntiaj teb. Cov teb chaws Catholic xws li Ltalis, Spain, Portugal, thiab feem ntau ntawm Fabkis tau txais yuav daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teb chaws Protestant thiab Orthodox siv sijhawm ntev los txais yuav nws. Askiv tau txais yuav Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub xyoo 1752, thaum Lavxias tsis tau txais yuav nws txog thaum tom qab Bolshevik Revolution xyoo 1918. Tuam Tshoj tsis tau txais yuav nws txog thaum xyoo 1912.
Qhov kev siv maj mam no ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub. Hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe, cov hnub los ntawm ob daim ntawv qhia hnub sib txawv tau siv tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov kws sau keeb kwm los teev hnub tim cov xwm txheej yav dhau los.
Qhov Cuam Tshuam thiab Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Gregorian Calendar
Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian muaj ntau yam zoo tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov tseeb dua li daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian, tswj kev sib phim zoo dua ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab lub caij astronomical. Nws yog lub hauv paus rau daim ntawv qhia hnub siv thoob ntiaj teb, txawm hais tias qee haiv neeg thiab kev ntseeg tseem tswj hwm lawv daim ntawv qhia hnub rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau lub caij niaj hnub no, daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tsis yog siv rau txhua hnub xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau ntau qhov chaw uas xav tau lub sijhawm raug, xws li kev kawm txog hnub qub, keeb kwm, thiab kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb.
Xaus
Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub, ua tiav kov yeej qhov tsis raug ntawm Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj ntsib kev tawm tsam, nws thaum kawg tau txais yuav los ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nrog nws cov kev hloov pauv ntau yam, daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian tau muab lub kaw lus daim ntawv qhia hnub uas sib haum xeeb nrog lub ntiaj teb lub voj voog astronomical, muab txoj hauv kev tseeb dua los npaj cov haujlwm tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb.
Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, peb pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej. Yog tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm Pope Gregory XIII, peb tseem yuav ntsib ntau yam kev tsis yooj yim hauv kev tswj lub sijhawm. Daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian yog ib qho pov thawj tias ib qho kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev thiab dav rau tib neeg kev vam meej.
