Cov Circuit Breakers Ua Haujlwm Li Cas thiab Cov Txiaj Ntsig ntawm Kev Siv Lawv hauv Cov Tshuab Fais Fab Hnub Ci
Cov tshuab fais fab hnub ci (PLTS) siv ntau zuj zus hauv cov tsev, cov tsev lag luam, thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txo cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab txhawb nqa lub zog huv. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas los xij, PLTS, ua ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo: overcurrent, luv luv circuits, rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm, thiab txawm tias muaj peev xwm hluav taws vim yog kev sib txuas tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv yog ib qho tsis sib tham. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub circuit breaker (CB). Tsab xov xwm no tham txog yuav ua li cas cov circuit breakers ua haujlwm thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig hauv lub tshuab fais fab hnub ci.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb hauv lub zog hnub ci?
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob (circuit breaker) yog ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas txiav cov hluav taws xob thaum muaj teeb meem tsis zoo xws li muaj overload lossis luv luv Circuit Court. Tsis zoo li lub fuse, uas tawg ib zaug, feem ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem rov pib dua tom qab qhov teeb meem tau daws lawm. Hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci, cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ua "gatekeepers" uas tiv thaiv cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, inverters, roj teeb, cables, thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj.
Cov chaw fais fab hnub ci (PLTS) muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau kev tiv thaiv nyuaj dua: lawv cov peev txheej fais fab tuaj yeem los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci (DC), roj teeb (DC), PLN grid (AC), thiab cov zis inverter (AC). Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau dua ib hom circuit breaker hauv chaw fais fab hnub ci - muaj DC thiab AC circuit breakers nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab cov lus qhia.
Yuav ua li cas cov circuit breakers ua haujlwm: cov ntsiab cai yooj yim
Feem ntau, cov circuit breakers ua haujlwm los ntawm peb theem tseem ceeb:
1. Nrhiav kev cuam tshuam
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntes tau ib qho tam sim no uas tshaj qhov txwv kev nyab xeeb lossis ib qho surge loj heev vim muaj luv luv Circuit Court.
2. Tshem tawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm)
Thaum pom muaj qhov txhaum, lub tshuab sab hauv yuav "trip", ua rau lub ntsiab tiv tauj qhib.
3. Tua lub arc (arc quenching)
Thaum cov qhov sib txuas qhib, yuav muaj hluav taws xob arc tshwm sim. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob Circuit Court breakers yog tsim los tua hluav taws xob arc no kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib txuas zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub cuab yeej.
Hauv cov mini circuit breakers (MCBs) uas siv ntau, muaj ob txoj kev mus ncig:
- Kev kub hnyiab (bimetal) rau kev overload: bimetal kub thiab khoov thaum qhov tam sim no ntau dhau kav ntev txaus, tom qab ntawd ua rau tawg.
- Kev sib nqus mus los (solenoid) rau luv luv Circuit Court: thaum luv luv Circuit Court, tam sim no nce tam sim ntawd, tsim kom muaj lub zog sib nqus uas sai sai nyiam lub tshuab mus los.
Txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau zoo tiv thaiv ob hom kev ua yuam kev feem ntau hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm AC thiab DC Circuit Breakers hauv lub hnub ci fais fab systems
Ib qho yuam kev uas feem ntau tshwm sim yog xav tias AC thiab DC circuit breakers sib pauv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, DC circuit breakers nyuaj rau txiav dua li AC circuit breakers. Hauv AC, qhov hluav taws xob hla xoom txhua ib nrab lub voj voog, ua rau lub arc yooj yim tua. Hauv DC, cov dej ntws tas mus li, ua rau lub arc kav ntev dua thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tias lub circuit breaker tsis tau tsim tshwj xeeb.
Yog li ntawd, DC circuit breakers feem ntau muaj:
- qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob DC meej (piv txwv li 250VDC, 600VDC, 1000VDC),
- tsim tshwj xeeb arc tua hluav taws (arc chute/magnet),
- muaj peev xwm tawg txaus rau DC cov hluav taws xob txhaum.
Hauv PLTS, DC circuit breakers feem ntau raug ntsia rau ntawm:
- txoj kev los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag mus rau lub inverter (PV array combiner/isolator),
- txoj kev los ntawm lub roj teeb mus rau lub inverter / tus maub los tswj hwm,
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov voj voog hlua vaj huam sib luag (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab ke nrog ntau cov hlua sib luag).
Thaum AC circuit breakers siv rau hauv:
- cov zis inverter rau lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom hauv tsev,
- kab sib txuas rau PLN network (grid-tie),
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm AC loads.
Lwm yam khoom tiv thaiv cuam tshuam
Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis hauv kev xyaum PLTS feem ntau yog ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom siv xws li:
- SPD (Surge Protective Device) rau kev tiv thaiv kev poob siab vim yog xob laim lossis hloov pauv,
– qhov hloov/disconnect ntawm lub isolator rau kev txiav tes thaum lub sijhawm kho,
- RCD/ELCB/RCBO rau kev tiv thaiv tam sim no xau rau hauv av (tseem ceeb heev rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg),
- cov fuses ntawm qee cov hlua PV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tiv thaiv tam sim no rov qab ntawm cov hlua.
Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob feem ntau yog "lub hauv paus" ntawm kev tiv thaiv overcurrent, thaum lwm cov khoom siv ua tiav ntau hom kev ua yuam kev.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci
Hauv qab no yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci uas ua rau lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha.
1. Tiv thaiv cov cables los ntawm overheating thiab hluav taws
Cov xov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm siab tshaj plaws. Yog tias cov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj qhov peev xwm ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob rau ib lub sijhawm, qhov kub ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob yuav nce siab, cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev yuav yaj, thiab ua rau muaj hluav taws kub. Cov cuab yeej txiav hluav taws xob cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob ua ntej qhov no ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci, qhov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau ntawm sab AC lossis qhov ua yuam kev hauv lub inverter / roj teeb ntawm sab DC.
2. Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov inverters thiab lwm yam khoom siv kim.
Lub inverter, lub charge controller, thiab lub roj teeb yog cov khoom muaj nqis heev. Cov hluav taws xob luv luv lossis qhov yuam kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom semiconductor hauv lub inverter puas sai sai. Lub circuit breaker tsim nyog yuav cuam tshuam qhov txhaum thaum ntxov, txo qhov kev puas tsuaj.
3. Pab txhawb kev cais tawm ntawm lub voj voog thaum lub sijhawm txij nkawm
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tas li: kuaj xyuas cov khoom sib txuas, ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlua, lossis kho cov roj teeb. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tso cai rau cov kws kho tshuab txiav cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub kaw lus yam tsis tas yuav kaw tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa. Qhov no txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm.
4. Txhim kho qhov kev ntseeg siab thiab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kev pabcuam hluav taws xob
Thaum muaj qhov txhaum tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm lub kaw lus, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob uas tau teeb tsa zoo tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov txhaum. Piv txwv li, qhov txhaum hauv ib txoj hlua vaj huam sib luag tsis tas yuav kaw tag nrho lub kaw lus yog tias muaj kev tiv thaiv txaus. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev muab hluav taws xob ruaj khov dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm lub kaw lus.
5. Yuav pib dua, txuag lub sijhawm thiab cov nqi
Es tsis txhob hloov cov fuses, cov circuit breakers feem ntau tsuas yog rov pib dua thaum qhov ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem tau txheeb xyuas thiab kho. Qhov no txuag cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab ua kom lub kaw lus rov qab zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyuaj mus txog.
6. Muab ib qho cim qhia txog kev cuam tshuam
Ntau lub circuit breakers muaj qhov chaw mus ncig meej, yog li cov neeg siv paub thaum muaj qhov txhaum tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim no tseem ceeb heev rau kev daws teeb meem: seb qhov txhaum puas yog los ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau dhau, luv luv Circuit, lossis teeb meem nrog ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
Cov kev coj ua zoo hauv kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob hnub ci
Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tseem ceeb heev los xij, lawv qhov ua tau zoo nyob ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa kom raug. Qee cov ntsiab cai uas feem ntau siv tau yog:
– Siv ib lub DC CB tshwj xeeb rau sab DC, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hluav taws xob PV siab.
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov ntsuas tam sim no yog raws li kev xam, tsis me dhau (yooj yim mus tsis tau) thiab tsis loj dhau (kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm).
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob CB siab dua qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws (suav nrog huab cua txias uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub vaj huam sib luag qhib hluav taws xob ntau dua).
- Ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub peev xwm tawg (muaj peev xwm tawg qhov txhaum tam sim no) raws li qhov muaj peev xwm luv luv tam sim no hauv lub kaw lus.
– Muab lub circuit breaker tso rau ntawm qhov chaw uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam yooj yim, piv txwv li ze ntawm lub inverter, lub thawv combiner, lossis lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom.
- Ua ke nrog RCD / ELCB ntawm sab AC rau kev nyab xeeb kov.
Cov qauv hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb (piv txwv li IEC lossis PUIL cov kev cai hauv Indonesia) feem ntau yog qhov siv los ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov qauv tiv thaiv ua raws li cov cai.
Xaus
Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob (circuit breakers) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv hauv cov tshuab fais fab hnub ci vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txiav cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thaum muaj kev thauj khoom ntau dhau lossis luv luv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws, tiv thaiv lub inverter thiab roj teeb, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm AC thiab DC cov hluav taws xob ua rau kev xaiv hom hluav taws xob raug yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj - DC circuit breakers yuav tsum siv rau kab PV thiab roj teeb, thaum AC circuit breakers yuav tsum siv rau inverter tso zis thiab faib khoom. Nrog rau kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv zoo, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm tau zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, thiab siv tau ntev.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem ntxiv ib ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm cov piv txwv kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv (cov duab kos ib kab) rau cov kab ke hnub ci PV uas siv hauv daim phiaj, tsis siv hauv daim phiaj, thiab sib xyaw, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa circuit breaker uas pom zoo.
