Ntxiv rau qhov siab, ib qho ntawm cov nqi uas qhia txog qhov xwm txheej macroscopic ntawm cov roj yog qhov kub (T). Cov qauv ntsuas siab ntawm cov roj:
Ua ke tus qauv 1 thiab tus qauv 2 :
Qhov no yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj piv rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov pa roj.
Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov sib piv ncaj qha rau lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov roj molecules. Qhov kub thiab txias loj dua, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog kinetic txhais lus siab dua, qhov kub thiab txias me dua, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog kinetic txhais lus qis dua. Peb tuaj yeem xaus lus tias qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm kev txhais lus molecular.
Lwm daim ntawv ntawm qhov sib npaug rau lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov roj:
n = tus lej mole (mol), R = universal gas constant (R = 8.315 J / mol. K = 8315 kJ / kmol. K), T = absolute temperature (Kelvin), EK = qhov nruab nrab txhais lus kinetic zog ntawm molecule roj (Joule).
k = Boltzmann's constant, R = universal gas constant, NA = Avogadro's number, M = molecular mass, m = mass, n = tus naj npawb ntawm moles.
Ua ntej, lub zog kinetic translational yog lub zog kinetic uas cov khoom lossis cov molecule muaj. Kev txav mus los txhais lus tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txav mus ncaj, kev txav mus los parabolic. Thaum lub zog kinetic rotational = lub zog kinetic uas cov khoom lossis cov molecule uas ua rau kev txav mus los.
Qhov thib ob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog kinetic txhais lus hauv kab zauv saum toj no tsuas yog siv rau cov pa roj monatomic xwb. Piv txwv ntawm cov pa roj monatomic yog He (helium), Ar (Argon), thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau cov pa roj monatomic, kuj muaj cov pa roj diatomic. Piv txwv ntawm cov pa roj diatomic yog O2 (oxygen), N2 (nitrogen), CO (carbon monoxide), thiab lwm yam. Kuj tseem muaj cov pa roj polyatomic. Piv txwv li, CO2 (carbon dioxide) thiab lwm yam. Cov roj monatomic muaj tsuas yog ib lub atom; diatomic roj muaj ob lub atoms, thiab polyatomic roj muaj ntau lub atoms.
Qhov thib peb, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau ntawm Kelvin (K). Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tseem nyob hauv Celsius (oC), hloov nws ua ntej mus rau qhov ntsuas Kelvin (K).
Plaub, kab zauv 1 thiab kab zauv ob saum toj no tsis yog siv rau cov roj xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau cov kua thiab cov roj.
Piv txwv teeb meem:
Lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov molecules hauv cov roj ntawm 40 ° C yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj:
