Cov Txheej Txheem Kho Cov Nto Hlau
Kev kho saum npoo hlau yog ib qho txheej txheem uas tsom mus rau kev hloov, kho, lossis tiv thaiv txheej sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv hlau kom muab cov yam ntxwv uas haum rau nws qhov kev siv. Hauv kev tsim khoom, tsheb, kev tsim kho, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab kev lag luam aerospace, kev kho saum npoo yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb vim tias qhov saum npoo yog thawj qhov uas cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig: ntsib kev sib txhuam, xeb, cua sov, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Nrog cov txheej txheem zoo, lub neej ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ntev dua, zoo nkauj dua, thiab cov nqi kho kom tsawg dua.
Lub Hom Phiaj Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Kho Mob Nto
Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem kho cov hlau nto yog ua rau ntau lub hom phiaj: ua kom tsis txhob xeb, ua kom tawv thiab tsis txhob hnav, txhim kho kev nplaum xim lossis txheej, txo kev sib txhuam, txhim kho kev zoo nkauj, thiab npaj qhov chaw rau kev ua ntxiv xws li vuam lossis nplaum. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab uas muaj kev sib txhuam tas li, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv thiab tsis txhob hnav. Lub caij no, sab nraud ntawm lub tsev, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tiv thaiv nag, av noo, thiab cua ntsev ntawm hiav txwv.
Kev Npaj Nto
Ua ntej yuav pleev xim lossis kho ntxiv, yuav tsum npaj qhov chaw hlau. Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm qhov kawg. Kev npaj feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Kev ntxuav roj thiab roj (degreasing): Ua nrog cov kuab tshuaj, cov tshuaj ntxuav hauv kev lag luam, lossis cov tshuaj ntxuav alkali kom tshem tawm cov roj, roj, thiab cov organic contaminants ntawm cov txheej txheem machining.
2. Kev ntxuav (ua kom cov kua qaub tawm): Siv cov kua qaub xws li HCl lossis H₂SO₄ kom tshem tawm cov xeb, cov oxide deposits, thiab cov nplai uas tau kho cua sov. Txoj kev no zoo, tab sis yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj kom tsis txhob ua rau qhov chaw puas tsuaj.
3. Kev tua hmoov av: Ib txoj kev txau cov khoom siv txhuam (xuab zeb, hlau xuab zeb, iav hlaws dai) kom tshem tawm xeb thiab tsim kom muaj qhov ntxhib (qhov txuas) uas pab kom cov xim lossis txheej pleev xim lo rau.
4. Kev txhuam kom du: Siv cov txhuam maj mam kom du kom ua tiav qhov roughness qis, feem ntau siv rau cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj lossis cov chaw uas xav tau kev huv si.
5. Kev ua kom nto: Hauv qee cov txheej txheem plating, qhov nto yuav tsum tau "ua kom" kom nws ua haujlwm, piv txwv li los ntawm kev siv lub teeb etching lossis siv cov tshuaj activator ua ntej plating.
Kev npaj tsis zoo yuav ua rau lub txheej tev tawm, muaj npuas tshwm sim, lossis xeb tshwm sim hauv qab lub txheej (kev xeb hauv qab zaj duab xis).
Txheej Hlau
Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv ntau tshaj plaws yog plating, uas yog ntxiv lwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv rau saum cov hlau kom muab kev tiv thaiv lossis qee yam khoom.
1. Kev siv hluav taws xob
Kev siv hluav taws xob los tso cov hlau txheej (piv txwv li, nickel, chrome, zinc) los ntawm cov kua electrolyte rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib qho workpiece. Piv txwv li:
– Zinc plating: Tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev xeb, feem ntau siv rau ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsheb.
- Nickel plating: Muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab ci ntsa iab, kuj ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus ua ntej chrome.
– Chrome plating: Ua rau qhov chaw tawv thiab tiv taus kev hnav, nrog rau kev zoo nkauj.
Qhov zoo ntawm electroplating yog qhov tuab uas tswj tau thiab qhov chaw du. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no xav tau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj pov tseg nruj.
2. Kub-dip Galvanizing
Kev siv galvanizing kub-dip yog kev muab cov hlau tso rau hauv cov zinc uas yaj, ua rau cov zinc txheej tuab thiab muaj zog. Qhov no zoo tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv sab nraum zoov xws li laj kab, ncej, thiab kev tsim kho hlau. Cov txheej zinc ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev txi, tiv taus xeb ua ntej cov hlau.
3. Tshuaj tsuag kub
Cov tshuaj tsuag thermal txau cov hlau lossis cov khoom ceramic uas kub (kom txog thaum yaj lossis ib nrab yaj) rau ntawm ib qho chaw, tsim ib txheej tiv thaiv. Txoj kev no siv rau ntawm cov turbines, cov khoom tiv taus cua sov, lossis cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv taus kev hnav siab. Cov kev hloov pauv suav nrog kev tsuag nplaim taws, kev tsuag arc, thiab kev tsuag plasma.
4. Hmoov Txheej thiab Xim Rau Kev Lag Luam
Cov txheej hmoov siv cov hmoov polymer uas raug txau electrostatically thiab tom qab ntawd cua sov (kho) los ua ib txheej tawv, sib npaug. Nws cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev tiv thaiv khawb, zoo nkauj, thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig vim yog siv cov tshuaj yaj tsawg heev. Ntxiv rau cov txheej hmoov, cov xim epoxy thiab polyurethane kuj tseem siv dav rau kev tiv thaiv xeb thiab huab cua.
Kev Hloov Tshuaj (Kev Hloov Txheej)
Kev hloov pauv txheej yog ib qho txheej txheem tshuaj uas hloov cov txheej saum npoo ntawm cov hlau mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tshiab uas ruaj khov dua thiab tsim nyog ua cov xim pleev.
– Phosphating: Feem ntau siv rau ntawm cov hlau kom txhim kho kev nplaum xim thiab tiv taus xeb. Feem ntau siv rau ntawm lub cev tsheb ua ntej pleev xim.
– Txheej txheej hloov Chromate: Siv dav rau ntawm txhuas rau kev tiv thaiv xeb thiab kev nplaum xim, txawm hais tias nws siv tau txwv ntau zuj zus vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntsig txog hexavalent chromium.
– Anodizing (rau txhuas): Ib qho txheej txheem electrochemical uas tsim ib txheej tuab thiab tawv ntawm txhuas oxide. Anodizing ua rau kom tiv taus xeb, tiv taus hnav, thiab tso cai rau kev pleev xim rau kho kom zoo nkauj.
Kev Kho Mob Nto Los Ntawm Kub Thiab Kev Txav Mus Los
Dhau li ntawm kev pleev xim, cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov lossis kev sib kis ntawm qee yam khoom.
1. Carburizing: Ntxiv cov pa roj carbon rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, ua raws li kev txias sai sai los ua ib txheej tawv. Haum rau cov iav thiab cov ncej.
2. Nitriding (nitridation): Kev qhia nitrogen rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau ntawm qee qhov kub, tsim cov txheej tawv heev nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua li carburizing.
3. Kev ua kom tawv tawv / nplaim taws tawv: Ua kom sov sai ntawm qhov chaw siv induction lossis nplaim taws, tom qab ntawd txias kom ua rau qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw tsis hloov pauv lub plawv ntawm cov khoom ntau dhau.
Cov txheej txheem no zoo heev rau cov khoom uas xav tau qhov chaw tawv tab sis tseem muaj lub plawv ductile kom nws tsis tawg yooj yim.
Kev Kho Kom Tiav: Kev Tua Peening thiab Polishing
– Kev tua pob zeb: Tua cov pob me me (tua) rau ntawm qhov chaw kom tsim cov kev ntxhov siab seem. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tiv taus kev qaug zog thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg, ua rau nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, iav, thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau.
– Kev txhuam thiab kev txhuam kom du: Siv los txo qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw, ua kom ci ntsa iab, thiab txo qhov pib xeb. Cov txiaj ntsig nyob ntawm qhov sib law liag ntawm kev txhuam, kev nias, thiab kev huv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev Xaiv Txuj Ci thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum tau saib yooj yim. Cov yam uas yuav tsum xav txog suav nrog hom hlau tseem ceeb (hlau, hlau tsis xeb, txhuas, tooj liab), tej yam ib puag ncig (kev lag luam dej hiav txwv, tshuaj lom neeg, kub siab), cov kev xav tau kho tshuab (kev sib txhuam, cov khoom thauj dynamic), thiab cov nqi tsim khoom thiab qhov loj. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig feem ntau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm txheej, kev sim kev nplaum, kev sim tshuaj tsuag ntsev, kev sim qhov nyuaj, thiab kev ntsuas qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem kho cov hlau saum npoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov khoom ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub neej ntev. Txij li kev npaj thiab txheej txheej mus rau kev hloov pauv tshuaj mus rau kev sib kis thiab kev ua tiav tshuab, txhua txoj kev muaj nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, qhov zoo, thiab kev txwv. Nrog kev xaiv cov txheej txheem zoo thiab kev tswj hwm zoo, kev lag luam tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom hlau ruaj khov dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab muaj nqis ntau dua - ob qho tib si kev siv tshuab thiab kev zoo nkauj.
