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Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Tsis Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Qab Kev Ua Haujlwm
Pendahuluuan
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau daws hauv ntau yam lag luam, txij li tsheb thiab dav hlau mus rau kev tsim nkoj. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho mob uas cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm raws li nws lub hom phiaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tuag taus, kev poob nyiaj txiag, thiab txawm tias poob lub neej. Tsab xov xwm no lub hom phiaj yog los tham txog ntau yam txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev qaug zog, kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev xeb, kev hnav tsis zoo, kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig.
1. Kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv
Kev Nkag Siab Txog Kev Qaug Zog Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv
Kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho txheej txheem ua tsis tiav uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom thauj rov ua dua lossis rov ua dua. Cov khoom thauj no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau ntxiv uas, yog tias tsis pom, tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Qaug Zog
Kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv tshwm sim los ntawm peb theem tseem ceeb:
1. Kev Pib Tawg: Cov kab tawg me me pib tsim nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau, xws li ntawm ntug ntawm qhov, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov seem, lossis cov khoom tsis zoo.
2. Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Cov Kab Ntsig: Thaum cov kab nrib pleb me me tau tsim, lawv pib loj hlob thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom siv. Txhua lub sijhawm thauj khoom ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.
3. Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo Zaum Kawg: Thaum qhov tawg loj txog qhov tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav uas siv thiab ua tsis tiav tam sim ntawd.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Nkees Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv
– Hom Khoom Siv: Hlau, txhuas, thiab yas txhua tus muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv qaug zog.
- Kev Thauj Khoom Siv: Cov khoom thauj rov ua dua nrog qhov siab siab ua rau kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev qaug zog sai dua.
- Kev Nyuaj Siab: Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw lossis qhov muaj cov micro-defects ua rau qhov tawg pib sai dua.
2. Kev xeb
Kev Nkag Siab Txog Kev Xeb
Kev xeb yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv vim yog kev tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob tshuaj lom neeg nrog nws ib puag ncig. Kev xeb feem ntau yog qhov teeb meem loj rau cov khoom siv hlau thaum raug rau cov pa oxygen, dej noo, lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg xeb.
Txoj Kev Ua Rau Xeb
Kev xeb tuaj yeem pib los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog:
1. Kev Xeb Sib Xws: Kev puas tsuaj uas kis mus thoob plaws qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.
2. Kev Xeb Pitting: Kev tsim cov qhov me me uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom.
3. Kev Kub Ntxhov Galvanic: Tshwm sim thaum ob yam khoom siv hlau sib txawv sib chwv hauv ib puag ncig uas kub hnyiab.
4. Kev Sib Tsoo Interfacial/Intergranular: Kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim raws cov ciam teb ntawm cov khoom.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Xeb
– Ib puag ncig: Huab cua ua qias tuaj, muaj dej, lossis cov kua qaub/base ua rau xeb sai dua.
- Cov Khoom Siv: Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev kho qhov chaw cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
3. Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo Vim Yog Kev Hnav Thiab Tsim Nyog
Kev Txhais ntawm Kev Hnav thiab Tsim kua muag
Kev hnav yog qhov poob ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov chaw uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lwm qhov chaw. Kev hnav yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau hauv cov khoom siv tshuab thiab cov khoom siv hnyav.
Kev Siv Lub Cev
Kev hnav thiab tsim kua muag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom:
1. Kev Hnav Khaub Ncaws: Tshwm sim thaum cov khoom tawv tawv txhuam rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv.
2. Kev Sib Nraus Ntawm Cov Nplaum: Tshwm sim vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov chaw sib chwv.
3. Kev Qaug Zog: Tshwm sim vim yog lub voj voog thauj khoom uas ua rau muaj qhov tawg thiab loj hlob.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Hnav Thiab Tsim Txom
- Kev Nyuaj Siab ntawm Cov Khoom Siv: Cov khoom siv tawv dua feem ntau yuav tiv taus kev hnav ntau dua.
– Qhov Zoo ntawm Cov Roj Ntsha Uas Zoo Li Cov Nto: Kev siv cov roj nplua nyeem kom raug tuaj yeem txo qhov hnav.
- Ceev thiab Thauj Khoom: Qhov ceev ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov kev sib cuag thauj khoom cuam tshuam rau qhov hnav.
4. Kev Nyuaj Siab
Nkag Siab Txog Kev Nyuaj Siab
Feem ntau cov kab nrib pleb ntawm kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim thaum cov khoom siv raug kev ntxhov siab siab rau lub sijhawm luv luv lossis kev ntxhov siab nruab nrab rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Txoj Kev Tawg
Cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam:
1. Kev Nchuav Kub-Kev Nyuaj Siab: Feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub siab.
2. Kev Nyuaj Siab Corrosion Cracking: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nyuaj siab tensile thiab corrosive ib puag ncig.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Tawg
- Ib puag ncig ua haujlwm: Kub siab ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig corrosive.
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: Kev ruaj khov, lub zog tensile, thiab kev tiv taus kub thiab corrosion.
5. Kev Cuam Tshuam Ib puag ncig
Cov Xwm Txheej Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv
Qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom. Ntau yam ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam rau qhov no suav nrog:
1. Kub: Qhov kub heev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hloov pauv lossis ua tsis tiav.
2. Dej noo: Qhov muaj dej tuaj yeem ua rau xeb thiab tawg sai dua.
3. Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem: Cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom.
Piv txwv ntawm Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Vim Muaj Kev Cuam Tshuam Ib puag ncig
Titanic: Qhov ua tsis tau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm Titanic feem ntau yog vim muaj dej hiav txwv uas xeb thiab khov, uas ua rau cov hlau qaug zog.
Lub Dav Hlau Concorde: Ib qho xwm txheej hauv dav hlau uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kub, thiab xeb.
Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Txo Qhov Mob
Cov Tswv Yim Txo Qhov Ua Tsis Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Siv
Muaj ntau yam uas yuav ua tau los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog:
1. Kev Xaiv Khoom Siv: Xaiv cov khoom siv uas muaj cov yam ntxwv uas haum rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm.
2. Kev Kho Khoom Siv: Ua kom cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab tiv taus ib puag ncig los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho tshwj xeeb xws li forging, hardening, lossis anodizing.
3. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Kev Txij Nkawm: Tshuaj xyuas thiab kho cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua kom pom cov cim qhia ntxov ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
4. Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig: Siv cov khoom tiv thaiv lossis cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav.
Xaus
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ua tsis tiav xws li kev qaug zog, kev xeb, kev hnav, kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv tsim uas ruaj khov dua. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv kom raug, kev saib xyuas kom zoo, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm thev naus laus zis, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txo qis, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
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Tsab xov xwm no muab kev piav qhia dav dav txog cov txheej txheem ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv thiab pab cov nyeem ntawv nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo qhov ua tsis tiav hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm.
