Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Ferrous Thiab Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
Kev kawm txog hlau, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau, yog ib qho teb uas tau pib txij li thaum pib ntawm kev vam meej. Cov hlau tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tib neeg lub neej, pab txhawb rau cov cuab yeej, cov qauv, cov txiaj, thiab kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis. Kev kawm txog hlau tau muab faib ua ob pawg: hlau thiab tsis yog hlau, raws li qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj hlau. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm txog hlau thiab tsis yog hlau, tshuaj xyuas lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev siv, cov txheej txheem rho tawm, kev siv rov qab, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.
Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom sib xyaw
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous:
Cov hlau ferrous yog txhais los ntawm lawv cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov hlau ferrous feem ntau suav nrog hlau nws tus kheej, nrog rau cov hlau sib xyaw xws li hlau, hlau cam khwb cia, thiab hlau wrought. Hlau, piv txwv li, yog ib qho hlau sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau yog hlau thiab carbon, nrog rau cov pa roj carbon ua rau nws lub zog thiab qhov tawv.
Cov hlau ferrous feem ntau yog sib nqus, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau qee qhov kev siv. Lawv kuj nyiam xeb thaum raug dej noo thiab oxygen, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua oxidation. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv ferrous metallurgy, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem pleev xim, xim, thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv.
Cov hlau tsis yog hlau:
Cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj hlau. Pawg no suav nrog ntau yam hlau xws li txhuas, tooj liab, zinc, tin, txhuas, nickel, thiab cov hlau muaj nqis xws li kub, nyiaj, thiab platinum. Txhua yam ntawm cov hlau no muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, txhuas yog lub teeb thiab tiv taus corrosion, tooj liab muaj hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab thermal conductivity, thiab kub yog malleable heev thiab tiv taus corrosion.
Feem ntau cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau yuav tiv taus xeb thiab xeb ntau dua li cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau nplaum. Lawv kuj tsis yog hlau nplaum, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv tshuab tshwj xeeb.
daim ntawv sau npe
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous:
Cov hlau ferrous siv rau hauv kev lag luam muaj ntau yam. Hlau, uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov tsis muaj qhov sib piv, yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, choj, kev tsim kho vaj tse, thiab ntau yam kev thauj mus los, xws li tsheb thiab nkoj. Cov hlau ferrous kuj siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab, cov cuab yeej, thiab cov kav dej. Hlau cam khwb cia, uas paub txog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, pom siv rau hauv cov cav, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj.
Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov hlau ferrous kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob, transformers, thiab cov khoom siv khaws cia sib nqus.
Cov hlau tsis yog hlau:
Cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab tseem ceeb sib npaug. Piv txwv li, txhuas muaj nqis heev hauv kev lag luam aerospace vim nws qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog thiab qhov hnyav. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ntim khoom, kev tsim kho, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Tooj liab tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv hluav taws xob vim nws muaj kev coj ua zoo heev; nws siv rau hauv kev txuas hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov laug cam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tooj liab siv rau hauv cov kav dej thiab cov ntaub ntawv ru tsev vim nws ruaj khov thiab tiv taus xeb.
Zinc feem ntau yog siv rau kev galvanizing hlau kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev xeb, thaum nickel yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov alloys ua tau zoo siv rau hauv cov cav dav hlau thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Cov hlau muaj nqis xws li kub thiab nyiaj pom cov ntawv thov hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab ua cov tsheb peev.
Cov txheej txheem rho tawm
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous:
Feem ntau, kev rho hlau tawm yuav siv kev txo cov hlau ores, xws li hematite thiab magnetite, hauv lub cub tawg. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev smelting, qhov twg cov hlau raug cua sov rau qhov kub siab nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov neeg sawv cev txo qis xws li coke, ua rau muaj cov hlau yaj thiab slag. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntxiv rau hauv ntau yam hlau alloys los ntawm kev kho cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab ntxiv lwm yam ntsiab lus xws li chromium, manganese, lossis nickel.
Kev tsim cov hlau feem ntau suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntxiv xws li kev tsim cov hlau oxygen yooj yim (BOS) lossis lub cub hluav taws xob arc (EAF) kev tsim cov hlau, uas ua kom cov hlau molten ua cov khoom hlau zoo.
Cov hlau tsis yog hlau:
Qhov kev rho tawm cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau sib txawv ntau vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau no. Piv txwv li, bauxite (aluminium ore) raug ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem Bayer los rho tawm alumina, uas tom qab ntawd raug txo kom ua hlau txhuas hauv cov electrolytic cells.
Kev rho tooj liab tuaj yeem siv ob txoj kev pyrometallurgical, qhov twg cov hlau raug smelted ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab cov txheej txheem hydrometallurgical, uas siv cov kua dej los leach cov hlau tawm. Kev xaiv txoj kev rho tawm nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov purity ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Lwm cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous muaj lawv cov txheej txheem rho tawm tshwj xeeb, xws li kev siv cov khoom siv froth flotation rau kev sib cais cov zinc ores lossis cov txheej txheem cyanide rau kev rho tawm kub.
Recyclability thiab Environmental Impact
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous:
Cov hlau ferrous muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab tau yooj yim heev, thiab cov hlau seem yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis hauv kev lag luam hlau. Kev rov ua dua cov hlau ferrous tsis yog tsuas yog txuag cov khoom siv ntuj tsim xwb tab sis kuj txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov piv rau kev tsim khoom thawj zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm kev khawb av thiab kev ua cov hlau ferrous, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm thaj av, kev ua qias tuaj ntawm dej, thiab cov pa roj carbon, tseem yog qhov txhawj xeeb.
Cov hlau tsis yog hlau:
Cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau kuj siv tau dua tshiab tau zoo heev. Cov hlau zoo li txhuas tuaj yeem siv dua tshiab tau ntau zaus yam tsis poob lawv cov yam ntxwv, thiab lub zog uas xav tau los siv txhuas tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm qhov xav tau rau kev tsim khoom thawj zaug. Ib yam li ntawd, kev siv tooj liab, txhuas, thiab cov hlau muaj nqis rov qab yog qhov zoo rau ib puag ncig, txo qhov xav tau kev khawb av thiab txo qhov puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev rho tawm thiab kev ua cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ib puag ncig, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw nyob, kev tsim cov khib nyiab lom, thiab kev ua qias dej. Kev nce qib hauv kev coj ua thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm kev khawb av kom ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis cov kev cuam tshuam no.
Economic tseem ceeb
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous:
Kev lag luam hlau ferrous yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tsim hlau, tshwj xeeb, yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Kev tsim kho, tsheb, thiab kev tsim khoom siv ntau ntawm cov hlau ferrous, ua rau lawv cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov thiab kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam.
Cov hlau tsis yog hlau:
Cov hlau uas tsis yog hlau kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, aerospace, thiab lub zog rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov kev thov rau cov hlau xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas yog tsav los ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Cov hlau muaj nqis ua haujlwm ua kev nqis peev thiab kev tiv thaiv nyiaj txiag tiv thaiv kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam.
xaus
Cov hlau ferrous thiab cov hlau non-ferrous metallurgy sawv cev rau ob ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog hlau, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, kev siv, thiab kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam. Cov hlau ferrous, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom, thaum cov hlau non-ferrous muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, thiab kev siv engineering tshwj xeeb. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob pawg no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv lawv cov khoom kom zoo thiab ruaj khov hauv ntau yam lag luam.
