Cov Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Cov Sijhawm Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob rau Cov Menyuam Mos
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev cawm ntau lab tus neeg txoj sia los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis. Rau cov menyuam mos, uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb rau kev kis kab mob hnyav, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob thaum ntxov. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pom zoo rau cov menyuam mos.
Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj peev xwm muab faib ua pawg raws li ntau txoj kev siv los ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog. Nov yog saib ze dua ntawm cov hom tseem ceeb:
1. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Uas Muaj Sia Nyob:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis muaj sia siv cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Vim tias lawv zoo ib yam li cov kab mob ntuj tsim, feem ntau lawv muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo thiab kav ntev. Piv txwv li suav nrog MMR (mob qhua pias, mob qog, thiab mob rubella) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv varicella (mob qaib). Txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis muaj sia feem ntau tsis muab rau cov neeg uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo.
2. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Uas Tsis Muaj Zog:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis ua haujlwm siv cov kab mob uas tau tua lawm. Lawv tsis muab kev tiv thaiv zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, uas txhais tau tias koj yuav xav tau ntau koob tshuaj ntxiv (txhaj tshuaj txhawb nqa) kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv mus tas li. Piv txwv li suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio (IPV) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab A.
3. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, thiab Conjugate:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob—xws li nws cov protein, qab zib, lossis capsid (lub plhaub ncig cov kab mob). Vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsuas yog siv cov feem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob, lawv muab cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob zoo heev uas tsom mus rau cov feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob. HPV thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B yog cov piv txwv ntawm hom no.
4. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Toxoid:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsim kev tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob es tsis yog rau cov kab mob nws tus kheej. Lawv siv los tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas cov tshuaj lom kab mob ua rau muaj mob. Piv txwv li suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv DTaP (mob diphtheria, tetanus, thiab pertussis).
5. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv MRNA:
Txoj kev tshiab tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA siv cov messenger RNA los tsim cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws qhia cov hlwb yuav ua li cas los tsim cov protein uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 (Pfizer thiab Moderna) yog cov piv txwv tseem ceeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau sai.
6. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no siv lwm yam kab mob ua tus xa cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Qhov no tom qab ntawd tsim cov protein uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 Johnson & Johnson yog ib qho piv txwv.
Cov Teem Caij Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Rau Cov Menyuam Mos
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam kab mob hnyav. Lub Chaw Tswj thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) thiab Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) muab cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pom zoo rau cov menyuam mos. Nov yog cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj:
1. Yug Los:
– Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Siab B (HepB):
Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HepB thawj zaug yuav tsum tau txhaj rau hauv 24 teev tom qab yug los. Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tiv thaiv kab mob hepatitis B, uas yog ib qho kab mob loj heev rau lub siab.
2. 2 Lub Hlis:
– Kab mob Diphtheria, Kab mob Tetanus, thiab Kab mob Acellular Pertussis (DTaP):
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw ua ke no tiv thaiv peb yam kab mob loj uas ua los ntawm cov kab mob: diphtheria, tetanus, thiab pertussis (hnoos qhuj).
– Kab mob Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib):
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis, pneumonia, thiab epiglottitis.
– Kab mob Polio (IPV):
Muab ua ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob poliovirus uas tsis ua haujlwm, uas tiv thaiv kab mob polio, uas yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau yooj yim uas ua rau tuag tes tuag taw.
– Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV):
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no pab tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws, mob hlwb, thiab kab mob hauv cov ntshav.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus, uas yog tus kab mob ua rau raws plab hnyav tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus.
3. 4 Lub Hlis:
– Koob Tshuaj Thib Ob:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo ib yam uas tau muab rau thaum muaj 2 lub hlis (DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, thiab Rotavirus) raug muab dua kom txhawb nqa lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus menyuam mos.
4. 6 Lub Hlis:
– Koob Tshuaj Thib Peb:
Muab tshuaj DTaP, Hib, IPV, thiab PCV ib zaug ntxiv.
- Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Khaub Thuas:
Nws raug pom zoo kom cov menyuam yaus tau txais lawv thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas nyob ib puag ncig lub sijhawm no, tom qab ntawd koob tshuaj thib ob plaub lub lis piam tom qab, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua xyoo.
5. 6-18 Lub Hlis:
– Kab mob siab B (HepB):
Koob tshuaj thib ob yog muab rau hauv qhov ntau npaum li no.
– Koob thib peb lossis thib plaub:
Tej zaum yuav xav tau koob tshuaj IPV ntxiv nyob ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas siv.
6. 12-15 Lub Hlis:
– MMR (Measles, Mumps, thiab Rubella):
Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR thawj zaug yog muab rau kom tiv thaiv peb yam kab mob no.
– Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Varicella (Qaib Qhuav):
Siv los tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias.
– Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Siab A (HepA):
Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HepA thawj zaug yog qhov pom zoo, thiab koob tshuaj thib ob tom qab rau lub hlis.
7. 15-18 Lub Hlis:
– DTaP:
Yuav muab koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob DTaP ntxiv rau kom tiv thaiv tau kab mob diphtheria, tetanus, thiab pertussis.
8. 18-24 Lub Hlis:
– Kab mob siab A (HepA):
Koob tshuaj thib ob yog muab rau hauv qhov ntau npaum li no.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb heev rau ntau yam laj thawj:
1. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Rau Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm:
Thaum ib feem loj ntawm lub zej zog tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, nws txo qhov muaj feem kis tus kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob no pab tiv thaiv cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li cov menyuam mos thiab cov tib neeg uas muaj tej yam mob.
2. Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Kis Kab Mob:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pab tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tswj tau lossis tshem tawm, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob xws li polio thiab qhua pias.
3. Txo Kev Tuag thiab Kev Mob nkeeg:
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob tuag taus thiab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau lub neej ntev dua thiab lub neej zoo dua.
4. Cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam:
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txuag tau nyiaj los ntawm kev txo cov nqi kho mob thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
xaus
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob menyuam yaus, muab kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau pom zoo, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem ua kom lawv cov menyuam tau txais kev tiv thaiv uas lawv xav tau thaum lawv lub xyoo uas muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws. Kev nkag siab txog cov hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lawv cov sijhawm teem tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Ib txwm sab laj nrog cov kws kho mob kom tau txais cov lus qhia txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas haum rau tus kheej thiab hloov tshiab tshaj plaws.
