Kev Ua Hlau Molybdenum Rau Cov Hlau Uas Tiv Tau Kub
Molybdenum (Mo) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau muaj zog ntxiv thaum kub siab, txhim kho kev tiv taus kev nkag (qeeb deformation thaum kub siab), thiab ua rau kev tiv taus xeb ntau ntxiv - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj zog xws li cov pa kub, cov pa roj combustion, thiab qee yam tshuaj lom neeg. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, molybdenum yuav tsum dhau los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm cov hlau mus rau cov hlau sib xyaw uas npaj siv rau hauv kev lag luam hlau. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua molybdenum thiab yuav ua li cas cov khoom no koom ua ke rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov.
1. Cov Khoom Siv Ore thiab Cov Yam Ntxwv ntawm Molybdenum
Feem ntau pom muaj molybdenum nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb molybdenite (MoS₂). Cov khoom tso tawm molybdenite tuaj yeem nyob ib leeg (cov khoom tso tawm molybdenum thawj zaug) lossis ua cov khoom seem ntawm kev khawb tooj liab (porphyry tooj liab). Vim tias molybdenite muaj sulfur, kev ua thawj zaug tsom mus rau kev cais cov pob zeb muaj nqis ntawm cov khoom tsis huv thiab npaj cov khoom siv rau kev oxidation rau hauv cov tshuaj uas yooj yim dua rau kev ua ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hlau, molybdenum muaj qhov chaw yaj siab (nyob ib puag ncig 2623 ° C) thiab ruaj khov zoo. Cov khoom no ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv kub siab, tab sis kuj txhais tau tias cov txheej txheem rho tawm hlau kom tau txais cov hlau ntshiab xav tau cov txheej txheem meej, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev kub siab sintering.
2. Kev Pab Cuam: Kev Sib Tsoo, Kev Sib Tsoo, thiab Kev Ua Kom Poob
Cov theem ua thawj zaug pib nrog cov hlau uas raug khawb uas tseem sib xyaw nrog cov pob zeb. Cov hlau no raug:
1. Kev tsoo kom txo qhov loj ntawm cov pob zeb.
2. Sib tsoo/milling kom me me kom cov molybdenite mineral tsis muaj impurities.
3. Ua npuas dej kom cais cov molybdenite ntawm lwm cov minerals.
Kev ua haujlwm flotation ua haujlwm raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov minerals. Molybdenite yog hydrophobic heev, uas ua rau nws yooj yim lo rau cov pa npuas thiab nce mus rau saum npoo ua cov concentrate froth. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog MoS₂ concentrate nrog cov ntsiab lus molybdenum ntau dua li cov hlau nyoos. Cov concentrate no ces ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov txheej txheem roasting.
3. Kev ci kom hloov cov Sulfides mus rau Oxides
Molybdenite concentrate tsis raug txo qis rau hlau vim nws cov sulfur ntau. Cov sulfur yuav tsum tau tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidative roasting ntawm qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 500–700 ° C. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas koom nrog yog:
– MoS₂ + O₂ → MoO₃ + SO₂
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm theem no yog molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃), thaum cov pa roj sulfur dioxide (SO₂) yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nrog lub kaw lus tswj kev tso pa tawm. Hauv cov chaw niaj hnub no, SO₂ feem ntau raug ntes rau kev ua cov kua qaub sulfuric (H₂SO₄), txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab ntxiv tus nqi.
Yuav tsum tswj kev ci kom nruj. Yog tias qhov kub siab dhau, kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ua rau cov khoom me me sib sau ua ke thiab txo qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov theem tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj qhov kub, cua nkag, thiab lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm MoO₃.
4. Kev Ua Kom Zoo: Molybdenum Oxide thiab Ammonium Paramolybdate
Rau qee cov ntawv thov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke, MoO₃ tuaj yeem ua kom huv ntxiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntub. Ib txoj hauv kev feem ntau yog yaj MoO₃ hauv ammonia los ua cov kua molybdate, uas tom qab ntawd crystallized los ua ammonium paramolybdate (APM).
Qib kev ua kom zoo no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv xws li tooj liab, hlau, phosphorus, lossis silicon uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau alloy. Thaum tau txais APM, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem rov ua kom huv dua thiab sib xws dua MoO₃, npaj rau kev txo qis rau hlau lossis ua cov khoom sib xyaw xws li ferromolybdenum.
5. Kev Txo Mus Rau Molybdenum Hlau (Hmoov Metallurgy)
Kev tsim cov hlau molybdenum ntshiab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev txo MoO₃ siv hydrogen (H₂) hauv ob kauj ruam:
1. MoO₃ raug txo kom MoO₂ ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab.
2. MoO₂ raug txo kom ua Mo hlau ntawm qhov kub siab dua.
Qhov tshwm sim yog hmoov molybdenum. Vim tias molybdenum muaj qhov chaw yaj siab, cov khoom khov kho feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv hmoov metallurgy: cov hmoov raug nias (compacted) rau hauv ib daim duab tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd sintered ntawm qhov kub siab hauv huab cua tswj hwm. Rau kev lag luam hlau, molybdenum ntshiab tsis tshua muaj ntxiv ncaj qha rau hauv daim ntawv khov kho loj, tab sis cov hmoov lossis briquettes qee zaum siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
6. Kev Tsim Khoom Ferromolybdenum (FeMo): Hom Feem Ntau Rau Kev Lag Luam Hlau
Rau kev ua hlau, daim ntawv feem ntau yog ferromolybdenum (FeMo), ib qho hlau-molybdenum alloy tsim los rau kev yooj yim ntxiv rau cov cub tawg hlau. FeMo feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev yaj thiab txo cov txheej txheem hauv lub cub tawg hluav taws xob, siv MoO₃ ua cov khoom siv raw, ntxiv rau qhov chaw hlau thiab tus neeg sawv cev txo qis (piv txwv li, silicon lossis carbon, nyob ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm).
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm FeMo rau kev ua hlau suav nrog:
- Yooj yim yaj thiab sib xyaw rau hauv cov hlau molten dua li molybdenum ntshiab.
- Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog tus qauv, ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tswj cov ntsiab lus Mo hauv hlau.
- Siv tau yooj yim hauv kev tuav, khaws cia thiab pub rau lub cub tawg.
Hauv kev xyaum ua, kev xaiv FeMo lossis Mo ntshiab nyob ntawm hom hlau, cov chaw ua zeb, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov nqi.
7. Ntxiv Molybdenum rau Cov Hlau Uas Tiv Thaiv Kub
Cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov yog tsim los ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab, piv txwv li hauv cov khoom siv turbine, boilers, superheater pipes, tshuaj reactors, lossis cov khoom siv petrochemical. Hauv kev tsim hlau, molybdenum feem ntau yog ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kawg smelting lossis refining. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Yaj cov khoom siv hlau hauv lub cub tawg hluav taws xob (EAF) lossis lub cub tawg pa oxygen (BOF), nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom.
2. Kev ua kom zoo kom txo cov pa roj carbon, sulfur, thiab phosphorus.
3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke: ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke xws li Mo, Cr, Ni, V, lossis W raws li cov lus qhia.
4. Degassing (xaiv tau) kom txo cov pa roj uas yaj xws li hydrogen thiab nitrogen, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo.
5. Kev pov thiab tsim (dov / forging) ua raws li kev kho cua sov.
Molybdenum ua haujlwm sib koom tes nrog chromium thiab nickel hauv ntau cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov. Nws txhawb nqa kev tsim cov carbides ruaj khov thiab ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov kub siab, thaum tseem ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm kev mos ntawm cov qauv me me.
8. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Molybdenum rau Cov Khoom ntawm Cov Hlau Uas Tiv Thaiv Kub
Kev ntxiv molybdenum rau cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
- Ua kom tsis txhob nkag mus tob: Mo ua rau lub matrix muaj zog thiab pab tswj lub zog thaum cov hlau ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab.
- Ua kom tawv dua: ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov qauv xav tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov.
- Ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab oxidation ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog Cr.
- Ua kom cov qauv me me ruaj khov: pab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob thiab tswj kev faib tawm ntawm carbide.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus Mo ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi nce ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau qhov weldability ntawm qee cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem vuam / kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
9. Tej Yam Ib Puag Ncig thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem
Kev ua molybdenum muaj cov kauj ruam uas tuaj yeem tsim cov pa phem thiab pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem ci, uas tsim SO₂. Cov kev coj ua niaj hnub no hais txog:
- Lub kaw lus ntes roj thiab hloov SO₂ mus ua cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua lossis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
- Kev tswj cov plua plav hauv kev zom, sib tsoo thiab kev tuav hmoov.
- Kev tswj cov tailings flotation kom tsis txhob ua rau dej thiab av qias neeg.
– Saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cov hmoov hlau thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov txheej txheem.
Los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tswj hwm kom tsim nyog, kev tsim khoom molybdenum tuaj yeem ua tiav tau zoo dua yam tsis muaj kev txi kev tsim khoom.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem ua molybdenum rau cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov muaj ntau yam kauj ruam sib xyaw ua ke: los ntawm kev siv cov hlau molybdenite los ntawm kev ua kom sov, ci kom tsim tau MoO₃, kev ua kom huv yog tias tsim nyog, mus rau kev txo qis rau cov hlau molybdenum lossis kev tsim cov ferromolybdenum ua tus neeg sawv cev alloying. Thaum ntxiv rau hlau, molybdenum muab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv taus creep, microstructural stability, thiab lub zog kub siab - cov yam tseem ceeb rau lub zog thiab kev siv hauv kev lag luam hnyav. Nrog kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem zoo thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, molybdenum yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau uas tiv taus cua sov txhim khu kev qha thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau ib qho ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li Cr-Mo hlau rau boilers, stainless-based heat-resistant steels, lossis tsom mus rau cov duab qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev ua haujlwm).
