Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Tooj Liab Los Ntawm Ore Yog Dab Tsi?
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau muaj nqis tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, siv rau ntau yam kev siv los ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev ua cov kav dej thiab kev tsim cov ru tsev. Tooj liab tsis pom tias yog hlau dawb hauv qhov xwm txheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais cov hlau ntshiab. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hlau tooj liab los ntawm cov hlau, los ntawm kev rho tawm hlau mus rau kev ua kom tiav zaum kawg.
1. Kev Khawb Tooj Liab
Cov txheej txheem tsim tooj liab pib nrog kev khawb nws cov hlau. Cov hlau tooj liab tuaj yeem pom muaj ntau hom, suav nrog oxide, sulfide, thiab carbonate. Kev khawb hlau tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: kev khawb qhib qhov av thiab kev khawb hauv av.
– Kev khawb av qhib: Siv rau cov hlau uas nyob ze rau ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov txheej av thiab pob zeb saum cov hlau raug tshem tawm kom pom cov hlau.
– Kev Khawb Av Hauv Av: Siv rau cov hlau uas nyob tob dua hauv av. Muaj cov qhov av lossis cov qhov khawb kom nkag mus rau cov hlau.
2. Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Sib Tsoo Ore
Tom qab khawb tau cov hlau tooj liab lawm, kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev tsoo thiab sib tsoo cov hlau. Cov txheej txheem no txo qhov loj ntawm cov hlau, ua rau cov hlau tooj liab yooj yim dua rau kev ua. Kev tsoo feem ntau muaj ntau theem, suav nrog:
- Kev tsoo: Siv cov khoom siv xws li lub puab tsaig crushers thiab gyratory crushers los tsoo cov hlau loj rau hauv qhov me me.
- Kev Sib Tsoo: Siv lub tshuab zeb pob lossis lub tshuab zeb pas nrig los sib tsoo cov hlau uas raug tsoo kom txog thaum nws loj txaus rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej.
3. Kev Sib Cais Hlau Los Ntawm Ore (Kev Sib Xyaws)
Cov txheej txheem tom ntej yog kev sib cais cov hlau tooj liab ntawm nws cov ore, uas hu ua concentration. Muaj ntau txoj kev concentration uas siv ntau:
– Kev Ua Npuas Ncauj: Cov txheej txheem no zoo heev rau cov hlau sulfide. Cov hlau uas raug tsoo yog sib xyaw nrog dej thiab cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj, uas ua rau cov tooj liab lo rau cov npuas dej. Cov npuas dej no ces raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw seem.
– Kev ci: Siv los cais tooj liab ntawm cov hlau sulfide. Cov hlau raug cua sov rau hauv huab cua qhib kom cov hlau sulfide hloov mus ua oxide.
– Kev lim dej: Siv rau cov oxide thiab carbonate ores. Cov ore raug muab tso rau hauv cov kua sulfuric acid uas yaj cov tooj liab kom nws thiaj li sib cais tau ntawm lwm cov khoom siv.
4. Kev Smelting thiab Kev Hloov Pauv
Tom qab cov hlau tooj liab raug ua kom sib xyaw, kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev sib xyaw. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ua kom cov hlau tooj liab sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub cub tawg ntawm qhov kub siab heev kom hloov nws mus ua cov hlau ua kua. Cov kauj ruam sib xyaw yog raws li nram no:
– Kev Smelting: Cov tooj liab concentrate, feem ntau yog sulfide daim ntawv, raug cua sov hauv lub cub tawg nrog rau cov flux (xws li silica) los cais cov hlau ntawm cov impurities. Nyob rau theem no, cov tooj liab melting thiab matte raug tsim. Matte yog ib qho sib tov ntawm hlau sulfide thiab tooj liab sulfide.
– Kev Hloov Pauv: Cov hlau uas ua los ntawm kev smelting ces rov ua kom sov dua hauv lub converter. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ntxiv cua lossis oxygen los oxidize cov hlau thiab sulfur hauv cov hlau uas ua los ntawm matte, ua rau cov tooj liab (tooj liab nrog qhov huv ntawm kwv yees li 98%).
5. Kev Ua Tooj Liab
Cov tooj liab uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tseem muaj qee yam tsis huv, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntxiv. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tooj liab zoo:
– Kev Ua Pyrometallurgical Refining: Cov tooj liab blister raug rov ua kom sov dua hauv lub cub tawg kom tshem tawm lwm yam tsis huv xws li hlau thiab sulfur. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov tooj liab nrog qhov huv ntawm kwv yees li 99%.
– Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua Los Ntawm Hluav Taws Xob: Qhov no yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los tsim cov tooj liab uas muaj qhov huv siab heev (ntau dua 99.99%). Cov tooj liab uas muab ua blister yaj thiab nchuav rau hauv cov anodes, uas tom qab ntawd siv rau hauv cov electrolytic cells. Cov tooj liab ntshiab raug tso rau ntawm cathode, thaum cov impurities poob rau hauv qab ua cov anode sludge lossis tseem nyob hauv cov kua electrolyte.
6. Cov Khoom Kawg thiab Kev Ua Ntxiv
Tom qab tooj liab raug ua kom huv si, cov khoom kawg feem ntau yog pov rau hauv cov phaj, cov pas nrig, lossis cov hlau. Qhov no yog theem kawg hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tooj liab ntshiab no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntxiv rau ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, xws li cov xov hluav taws xob, cov yeeb nkab, cov hlau sib xyaw, thiab ntau yam khoom sib xyaw.
Cov Ntawv Thov Siab Tshaj Plaws
– Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob thiab Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Kev siv tooj liab ntau tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim nws muaj kev coj hluav taws xob zoo heev, tooj liab yog siv rau hauv cov cables, motors, generators, thiab ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev thiab Kev Tsim Kho: Tooj liab yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej, ru tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev vim nws zoo tiv taus xeb thiab ruaj khov.
– Cov Tooj Liab Sib Xyaws: Tooj liab feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog lwm cov hlau los tsim cov hlau sib xyaw nrog cov khoom zoo dua, xws li tooj liab (sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab thiab tin) thiab tooj dag (sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc).
Xaus
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tooj liab los ntawm cov hlau tsis yog ib qho yooj yim. Nws muaj ntau yam kauj ruam nyuaj, suav nrog kev khawb av, kev tsoo, kev sib tsoo, kev sib sau ua ke, kev sib xyaw, thiab kev ua kom zoo. Txhua theem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau tooj liab zoo uas haum rau ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
Yog tias peb nkag siab tob txog kev ua cov tooj liab los ntawm cov hlau mus rau cov hlau ntshiab, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam mining thiab metallurgy. Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis zoo dua thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig yuav txuas ntxiv mus, vim muaj kev thov ntau ntxiv rau cov hlau no thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw.
