Lub teeb-Emitting Diode (LED)
Cov Teeb Ci Tawm Teeb (LEDs) yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws hauv kev siv tshuab teeb pom kev niaj hnub no. LEDs yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, lub zog, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev yooj ywm, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntau yam kev siv, txij li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev teeb pom kev dav dav. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog keeb kwm, cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm, kev siv, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis LED.
Ib Keeb Kwm Luv Luv ntawm LEDs
Cov LEDs tau tsim thawj zaug thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Xyoo 1907, tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv H.J. Round tau tshawb pom tias qee cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tso tawm lub teeb thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hla dhau lawv. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm LEDs, txawm hais tias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb tsis muaj zog heev thiab tsis muaj kev siv tau.
Xyoo 1962, Nick Holonyak Jr., tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm General Electric, tau ua tiav tsim thawj lub LED uas tsim lub teeb liab. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau cim ib qho tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab tau qhib txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov LEDs hauv lwm xim tom qab. Thaum xyoo 1960s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1970s, LEDs tau pib tsim khoom lag luam rau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab cov zaub.
Kev tsim cov RGB (liab, ntsuab, xiav) LEDs thaum xyoo 1990s ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim ntau yam xim teeb los ntawm kev sib txuas peb lub LEDs no. Xyoo 2000s, cov LEDs dawb ci ntsa iab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo tau muaj, qhib cov cib fim tshiab hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo dav dav.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm LED
Ib lub LED yog ib lub semiconductor uas tso tawm lub teeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua electroluminescence. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub LED muaj ob txheej ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor: ib txheej p-hom (zoo) thiab ib txheej n-hom (tsis zoo). Thaum ob txheej no sib koom ua ke, lawv tsim ib qho p-n junction.
Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob raug siv rau LED, cov hluav taws xob los ntawm txheej n-hom thiab qhov (lub tswv yim lub cev uas sawv cev rau qhov chaw tsis muaj hluav taws xob) los ntawm txheej p-hom kis mus thoob plaws qhov sib tshuam p-n. Thaum cov hluav taws xob ntsib qhov, lub zog raug tso tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons (cov khoom me me), ua rau LED tso tawm lub teeb. Xim ntawm lub teeb tsim tawm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor siv.
Cov Ntawv Thov LED
LEDs tau hloov pauv ntau yam thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam ua tsaug rau lawv qhov kev hloov pauv ntau yam. Nov yog qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs hauv lub neej txhua hnub:
1. Teeb pom kev zoo
Teeb pom kev zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov kev siv LEDs feem ntau niaj hnub no. LEDs siv rau hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev, teeb pom kev zoo ntawm txoj kev, teeb pom kev zoo ntawm vaj tse, thiab teeb pom kev zoo hauv vaj. Piv rau cov teeb incandescent thiab fluorescent, LEDs txuag hluav taws xob ntau dua, muaj lub neej ntev dua, thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig vim tias lawv tsis muaj mercury.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom
Cov LEDs siv rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV, cov khoos phis tawj saib, xov tooj ntse, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj. Cov LEDs ua rau cov zaub muaj cov duab zoo heev, ci ntsa iab, thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg. OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) cov thev naus laus zis tso saib txawm tias tso cai rau cov zaub nyias heev thiab yoog tau.
3. Cov Cim Qhia thiab Cov Zaub
Thaum xub siv cov LEDs ua cov cim qhia hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov moos digital thiab cov tshuab xam zauv. Txog niaj hnub no, LEDs tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau cov cim qhia xwm txheej hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob vim lawv siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab pom kev zoo.
4. Tsheb
Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, cov LEDs siv rau hauv lub teeb taub hau, lub teeb tom qab, lub teeb liab, thiab sab hauv tsheb. Cov LEDs ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab siv tau ntev dua li cov teeb roj incandescent ib txwm muaj, muab lub teeb pom kev sai dua thiab ci dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsheb.
5. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Kho Mob
Cov LEDs siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, xws li cov khoom siv kho lub teeb, cov cuab yeej phais, thiab cov khoom siv kuaj mob. Lawv cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob tsawg ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev siv kho mob qhov twg qhov tseeb thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
6. Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb Ntsug thiab Hydroponics
Cov kev ua liaj ua teb kuj siv cov teeb LED los muab teeb pom kev zoo rau cov nroj tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntsug thiab cov tshuab hydroponic. Los ntawm kev tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo uas tso tawm, cov teeb LED pab ua kom cov duab zoo dua thiab ua kom cov nroj tsuag loj hlob sai dua.
Qhov zoo ntawm LED
Cov thev naus laus zis LED muaj ntau yam zoo uas ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv ua ntej hauv ntau yam kev siv. Nov yog qee qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs:
1. Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov thev naus laus zis LED yog nws txoj kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. LEDs hloov lub zog hluav taws xob mus ua lub teeb nrog kev ua haujlwm siab heev, txo cov kev pov tseg hluav taws xob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cua sov. Cov teeb LED tuaj yeem txuag tau txog li 80% ntawm lub zog piv rau cov teeb incandescent.
2. Lub neej ntev
Cov teeb LED muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev heev, feem ntau ncav cuag 20.000 txog 50.000 teev, ntev dua li cov teeb incandescent (kwv yees li 1.000 teev) thiab cov teeb fluorescent (kwv yees li 8.000 teev). Lub neej ntev no txo qhov xav tau hloov teeb ntau zaus, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev siv lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
3. Kev ruaj khov thiab lub zog
Cov LEDs tsis muaj cov filaments lossis iav zoo li cov teeb incandescent, ua rau lawv tiv taus kev poob siab thiab kev co. Lawv cov qauv khov kho ua rau lawv ruaj khov dua thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig hnyav.
4. Ib puag ncig zoo
Cov teeb LED tsis muaj cov tshuaj mercury zoo li cov teeb fluorescent, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv cov kev siv hluav taws xob zoo kuj txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv teeb pom kev zoo ntsuab dua.
5. Tsim Qauv Yooj Yim
Cov LEDs muaj kev ywj pheej heev hauv kev tsim thiab kev siv. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau yam duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tuaj yeem koom ua ke rau hauv cov qauv tsim khoom nyuaj heev. Cov LEDs kuj tseem tuaj yeem kho kom tsim tau ntau yam xim yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov lim dej ntxiv.
6. Teeb Pom Kev Sai Dua
Cov teeb LEDs ci tam sim ntawd yam tsis muaj kev ncua sijhawm sov so, tsis zoo li lwm hom teeb, xws li cov teeb uas muaj mercury thiab cov teeb txuag hluav taws xob, uas xav tau sijhawm ntau kom ci tag nrho. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau teeb pom kev zoo tam sim ntawd, xws li teeb liab thiab teeb taub hau tsheb.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab Yav Tom Ntej ntawm LED
Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam zoo, cov thev naus laus zis LED kuj ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Ib qho teeb meem loj yog qhov txo qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum LEDs ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej ntws siab, ib qho xwm txheej hu ua "droop." Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv daws qhov teeb meem no thiab txhim kho LED kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus nqi pib ntawm LEDs feem ntau siab dua li cov teeb pom kev ib txwm muaj, txawm hais tias tus nqi no txuas ntxiv txo qis thaum thev naus laus zis nce qib thiab cov ntim khoom ntau ntxiv.
Yav tom ntej ntawm LEDs zoo li muaj kev cia siab heev. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab xws li LED miniaturization, kev tsim cov ultra-blue LEDs, microLEDs, thiab organic LEDs (OLEDs) txuas ntxiv muab cov cib fim tshiab rau cov ntawv thov dav dua thiab siab dua. Nrog rau kev ruaj khov thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo los ua qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb, LEDs xav tias yuav tseem yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau yav tom ntej.
Xaus
Cov Teeb Ci Uas Muaj Teeb Ci (LEDs) yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tau hloov pauv peb txoj kev pom thiab siv lub teeb. Txij li teeb pom kev hauv tsev mus rau kev siv kho mob thiab hluav taws xob, LEDs muaj ntau yam zoo xws li kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, lub neej ntev, kev ruaj khov, kev yooj yim tsim, thiab kev ruaj khov ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev cov nyom, yav tom ntej ntawm LEDs zoo li ci ntsa iab, coj los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab uas yuav txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej.
