Kev siv cov Centrifuges hauv Chav Kuaj Mob
Lub centrifuge yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv ntau lub chaw soj nstuam, txij li cov chaw soj nstuam kho mob thiab cov chaw soj nstuam biology mus rau cov chaw soj nstuam tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab khoom noj. Nws ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog centrifugal, lub zog tsim los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev ceev uas cais cov qauv me me raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev thiab qhov loj me. Nrog nws cov peev xwm sib cais sai thiab raug, centrifuges pab txhawb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam kev tshuaj xyuas, kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog kev siv cov centrifuges hauv cov chaw soj nstuam, lawv cov hom, thiab piv txwv ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm Luv Luv ntawm Centrifuge
Yeej tseem ceeb, lub centrifuge tig ib qho qauv hauv ib lub raj nrog kev kub ceev. Thaum nws tig, cov khoom hnyav dua raug thawb tawm (mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub raj), thaum cov khoom sib dua tseem nyob rau sab saum toj. Qhov kev sib cais feem ntau ua ob ntu: cov av noo (pellet) nyob rau hauv qab thiab cov supernatant nyob rau sab saum toj. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cais zoo tshaj plaws, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ntau yam kev ntsuas, xws li kev sib hloov ceev (RPM lossis RCF), lub sijhawm, kub, thiab hom rotor siv.
Kev siv cov Centrifuges hauv Chav Kuaj Mob
1. Kev Cais Cov Cheebtsam Ntshav Hauv Chav Kuaj Mob
Ib qho ntawm kev siv lub centrifuge feem ntau yog siv rau kev kuaj ntshav. Feem ntau cov ntshav uas kuaj tau muaj cov plasma/serum, cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets. Kev centrifugation tso cai rau cov khoom ntshav sib cais rau ntau yam kev kuaj, xws li:
- Npaj cov serum rau kev kuaj mob hauv tsev kho mob xws li kuaj ntshav qabzib, roj cholesterol, cov enzymes hauv siab thiab cov electrolyte.
- Kev sib cais cov ntshav rau kev kuaj ntshav coagulation (ntshav txhaws) lossis qee qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam uas xav tau cov ntshav.
- Kev cais cov txheej txheem buffy (ib txheej nyias uas muaj cov leukocytes thiab platelets) rau kev kuaj ntshav lossis kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv.
Yog tsis muaj lub centrifuge, cov txheej txheem sib cais yuav siv sijhawm ntev thiab cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsis sib xws.
2. Kev Cais thiab Kev Ntxuav DNA, RNA, thiab Protein
Hauv cov chaw soj nstuam molecular biology, lub centrifuge yog ib qho cuab yeej siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm DNA / RNA thiab kev ntxuav cov protein feem ntau muaj ntau kauj ruam centrifugation rau:
- Cov cell uas tawg los yog cov cell uas tawg ua tej daim me me.
- Cais cov kua theem hauv kev rho tawm (piv txwv li cais cov supernatants uas muaj nucleic acids).
– Sau cov DNA/RNA/protein ua cov pellet tom qab ntxiv cawv lossis qee yam tshuaj reagents.
- Ntxuav cov pellets siv buffer los ua kom purity ntau dua.
Cov tshuab microcentrifuges feem ntau siv rau cov raj me me (piv txwv li 1,5–2 mL) hauv cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb txog noob caj noob ces, PCR, kev txheeb xyuas kab mob, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kev qhia tawm noob caj noob ces.
3. Kev Cais Cov Cell thiab Cov Khoom Me Me hauv Kev Cog Qoob Loo Microbiological
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob me me (microbiology), lub centrifuge siv los sau cov kab mob me me los yog cov poov xab los ntawm cov kua dej. Nws siv suav nrog:
- Ua kom cov kab mob me me sib sau ua ke ua ntej kev soj ntsuam hauv tshuab me me lossis kev kuaj biochemical.
- Kev rho tawm cov biomass rau DNA, protein, lossis metabolite extraction.
- Ntxuav cov cell nrog cov tshuaj buffer kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xeem.
Yog tias tig kom raug, cov hlwb microbial tuaj yeem sau ua cov pellets uas yooj yim sib cais los ntawm cov xov xwm.
4. Kev Sib Cais ntawm Cov Av Hauv Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tshuaj
Hauv cov chaw soj nstuam tshuaj lom neeg, cov centrifuges pab tau zoo heev rau kev ua kom cov dej sib cais sai dua los ntawm cov kua. Hauv qee qhov kev sim, cov dej sib cais tsim, uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ua ntej lim lossis ntsuas ntxiv. Centrifuges tuaj yeem:
- Txo qhov xav tau kev lim dej ntev.
- Tau txais cov supernatant meej dua rau kev tshuaj xyuas spectrophotometric lossis titration.
- Cais cov khoom me me uas nyuaj rau lim nrog daim ntawv lim dej ib txwm.
Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum cov qauv me me lossis thaum xav tau cov txiaj ntsig sai.
5. Kev Ntsuas Zoo hauv Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj thiab Khoom Noj
Ntxiv rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv hauv kev kho mob, cov centrifuges kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev tswj xyuas zoo (QC). Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, cov centrifuges tuaj yeem siv rau:
- Xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj uas muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis los yog cov emulsion ruaj khov.
- Kev kuaj xyuas qhov sib cais theem uas yuav tshwm sim hauv cov khoom ua kua.
- Pab txhawb kev ntxuav cov khoom xyaw nquag lossis kev sib cais ntawm cov av hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom me me.
Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, cov centrifuges muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev cais cov rog, cov av noo, lossis cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom ua kua, piv txwv li hauv kev ua cov mis nyuj, dej haus, lossis cov khoom noj rho tawm.
6. Kev Sib Cais Raws Li Qhov Ceev (Kev Sib Tw Centrifugation Qhov Ceev)
Rau cov ntawv thov uas nyuaj dua, lub centrifuge siv tau nrog cov txheej txheem density gradient, uas siv cov tshuaj uas muaj ntau qhov densities sib txawv (piv txwv li, sucrose lossis cesium chloride). Cov txheej txheem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau:
- Kev sib cais cov organelles ntawm lub cell xws li mitochondria, nucleus, thiab lysosomes.
- Cais cov kab mob sib cais.
- Ntxuav cov plasmid DNA lossis cov khoom me me ntawm cov kab mob.
Txoj kev no feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb biomedical vim tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov kev sib cais tshwj xeeb dua li kev centrifugation ib txwm muaj.
7. Ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov av noo sai dua hauv ntau yam kev cai
Ntau txoj kev kuaj mob feem ntau xav tau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv (xws li cov av nplaum), tab sis kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau qeeb. Lub tshuab centrifuge ua rau cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm sai dua, ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv dua thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Cov cuab yeej no muab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw kuaj mob uas muaj cov qauv ntau.
Cov Hom Centrifuges Siv Feem Ntau
Txhua lub chaw kuaj mob siv tau lub centrifuge sib txawv raws li nws xav tau:
1. Lub tshuab centrifuge hauv tsev kho mob: feem ntau yog siv los cais cov serum/plasma ntawm cov ntshav.
2. Microcentrifuge: rau cov raj me me, uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv molecular biology.
3. Lub tshuab centrifuge txias: nruab nrog lub tshuab txias rau cov qauv uas rhiab heev rau qhov kub xws li cov protein lossis cov enzymes.
4. Lub tshuab centrifuge ceev ceev: rau kev sib cais zoo dua thiab kev kub ceev.
5. Ultracentrifuge: rau kev cais cov khoom me me xws li cov kab mob, ribosomes, lossis lipoproteins.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm hom centrifuge nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ceev, lub peev xwm ntawm lub raj, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv.
Tej Yam Tseem Ceeb Hauv Kev Siv Lub Centrifuge: Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tseeb
Txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig los xij, cov centrifuges kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias siv tsis raug. Qee yam uas yuav tsum xav txog suav nrog:
– Kev sib npaug ntawm lub raj: lub raj yuav tsum muaj qhov hnyav sib npaug kom lub rotor tsis co thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub cuab yeej lossis kev raug mob.
– Siv cov raj tsim nyog: cov khoom siv raj yuav tsum tiv taus qee qhov ceev thiab cov tshuaj reagents.
– Kaw lub rotor kom zoo: kom tiv thaiv kev xau lossis cov pa phem.
- Ua raws li RPM/RCF txwv: vim txhua lub rotor muaj qhov txwv kev nyab xeeb.
– Kev ntxuav cov khoom nchuav: Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg uas nchuav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsiaj txhu.
Kev siv ceev faj tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb xwb, tab sis kuj ua kom muaj qhov tshwm sim sib cais raug thiab sib xws.
Xaus
Kev siv cov centrifuges hauv chav kuaj mob yog dav thiab tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog rau kev sib cais cov khoom hauv cov qauv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev thiab qhov loj. Txij li kev sib cais cov ntshav hauv chav kuaj mob, kev rho tawm DNA / RNA hauv kev tshawb fawb txog molecular, kev sau cov hlwb microbial, mus rau kev kuaj xyuas zoo hauv kev lag luam, centrifuges pab ua kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm sai dua thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Nrog kev xaiv centrifuge zoo thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb zoo, cov cuab yeej no yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam haujlwm hauv chav kuaj mob niaj hnub.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv ib ntu ntawm "yuav ua li cas nyeem RCF vs RPM" lossis piv txwv yooj yim kom nws siv tau rau cov ntawv qhia hauv chav kuaj.
