Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Citric Acid hauv Khoom Noj
Citric acid yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus uas pom ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntau yam khoom noj thiab dej haus. Nws paub dav txog nws qhov saj tshiab, qaub thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo. Ntxiv rau nws qhov saj qaub tshwj xeeb, citric acid muaj ntau yam haujlwm hauv kev siv tshuab ua zaub mov, los ntawm kev tswj cov kua qaub mus rau kev pab txuas lub sijhawm khaws cia. Vim nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum siv raws li qhia, citric acid yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam zaub mov niaj hnub no.
Citric Acid yog dab tsi?
Citric acid yog ib qho organic acid uas muaj nyob hauv ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshwj xeeb yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus xws li txiv qaub, txiv qaub ntsuab, thiab txiv kab ntxwv. Hauv kev lag luam, citric acid feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation siv cov kab mob me me (piv txwv li, Aspergillus niger) uas hloov cov suab thaj mus rau hauv citric acid. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim ua cov siv lead dawb lossis hmoov, yooj yim yaj hauv dej, thiab muaj saj huv, qaub.
Hauv cov npe khoom xyaw hauv cov khoom noj, citric acid feem ntau yog teev ua "citric acid" lossis nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus code E330. Qhov muaj cov lej no qhia tau tias citric acid yog ib qho khoom siv ntev, siv dav uas nws siv tau tswj hwm hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
1. Kev Tswj Xyuas Acidity
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm citric acid hauv cov khoom noj yog ua tus tswj acidity. Acidity (pH) cuam tshuam rau qhov saj, qauv, xim, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom noj. Los ntawm kev ntxiv citric acid, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem txo pH kom ua tiav qib acidity xav tau hauv cov khoom.
Piv txwv li, hauv cov dej qab zib, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo jams, lossis cov kua ntses, citric acid pab ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qab zib, ntsev, thiab qaub saj. Hauv cov khoom ua los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, citric acid kuj pab "nqa" cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov saj, ua rau nws tshiab dua thiab ntse dua. Qhov kev hloov kho pH no tseem ceeb vim tias txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me hauv pH tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov saj.
2. Cov Khoom Qab Zib thiab Cov Khoom Sib Npaug
Ntxiv rau kev tswj pH, citric acid kuj ua haujlwm ua ib qho khoom qab zib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los txhim kho qhov kev xav tshiab. Qhov acidity uas citric acid muab feem ntau suav tias yog "huv dua" dua li lwm cov acids, ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov khoom qab zib, jellies, dej haus hmoov, ice cream, txiv hmab txiv ntoo-flavored yogurt, thiab txawm tias sprinkles.
Hauv cov khoom qab zib xws li khoom qab zib lossis dej haus uas muaj ntxhiab, citric acid tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv zoo rau qhov saj qab zib. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qab zib thiab qaub no tsim kom muaj "qhov ua rau tshiab" uas ua rau cov khoom saj sib dua thiab tsis qab heev. Vim li no, citric acid nrov heev hauv cov khoom qab zib qaub, cov khoom qab zib gummies, thiab cov dej haus uas muaj ntxhiab txiv kab ntxwv.
3. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tsis Ncaj Qha Los Ntawm Kev Txo pH
Citric acid tsis yog ib yam khoom uas "ua ncaj qha" zoo li sodium benzoate lossis potassium sorbate, tab sis nws pab tiv thaiv tsis ncaj qha los ntawm kev txo qis pH. Ntau yam kab mob uas lwj thiab cov kab mob pathogenic muaj teeb meem loj hlob hauv cov xwm txheej acidic. Los ntawm kev txo qis pH ntawm cov khoom noj, citric acid tuaj yeem qeeb qeeb kev loj hlob ntawm qee cov kab mob, pab cov khoom siv tau ntev dua.
Hauv cov khoom noj xws li kua txiv lws suav, kua txob hauv lub raj mis, dej haus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab qee cov khoom hauv qab, kev ua kom muaj kua qaub nrog citric acid tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev tswj cov kab mob me me. Hauv kev lag luam, citric acid feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev xws li pasteurization, sterilization, lossis siv lwm yam tshuaj preservatives kom tau txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
4. Tshuaj Antioxidant thiab Xim Stabilizer (Chelating Agent)
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm citric acid yog ua tus neeg sawv cev chelating, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem khi cov hlau ions xws li hlau thiab tooj liab. Cov hlau ions no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj oxidation ua rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo, hloov pauv saj, lossis hloov xim.
Los ntawm kev khi cov hlau ions, citric acid pab qeeb qeeb oxidation. Nws cov teebmeem pom tau hauv cov khoom xws li roj, margarine, dej haus, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo npaj. Citric acid kuj tseem pab tswj cov xim ntawm cov khoom noj, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav lossis cov khoom ua los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xim av sai vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative.
5. Tiv thaiv kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tsis txhob xim av
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv apples, pears, thiab avocados feem ntau yuav xim av tom qab txiav vim yog cov tshuaj enzymatic. Cov kua citric acid feem ntau siv los ntub cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav kom nws cov xim ci ntsa iab ntev dua. Qhov acidity ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau cov enzymes uas ua rau xim av qeeb, thaum tseem txo cov oxidation.
Hauv tsev, qhov kev ua haujlwm no zoo ib yam li siv kua txiv qaub rau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav. Qhov txawv yog tias citric acid hauv daim ntawv hmoov muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws thiab yooj yim los tswj qhov concentration.
6. Pab tsim cov gel hauv cov khoom Pectin
Thaum ua jam, marmalade, lossis jelly, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim gel yog cuam tshuam los ntawm pH. Pectin—cov fiber ntuj uas tsim cov gels—yuav tsum muaj cov xwm txheej acidic tshwj xeeb los tsim cov gel network kom zoo. Citric acid pab txo qhov pH mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ua rau cov jam tuab thiab ruaj khov.
Yog tsis muaj kua qaub txaus, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo jam yuav ua kua dhau, nyuaj rau tuab, lossis muaj cov qauv tsis sib xws. Yog li ntawd, citric acid feem ntau yog ib qho khoom xyaw tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv muaj cov kua qaub ntuj tsawg.
7. Ua kom cov tshuaj preservatives zoo dua qub
Qee cov tshuaj preservatives ua haujlwm tau zoo dua ntawm pH qis dua. Los ntawm kev txo pH nrog citric acid, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua kom cov tshuaj preservatives zoo dua xws li benzoates lossis sorbates, ua rau muaj kev siv tshuaj zoo dua thaum tseem ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb zaub mov.
Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov dej haus, cov kua ntses, thiab cov khoom noj uas npaj txhij noj uas xav tau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kab mob me me thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev. Kev tswj hwm pH yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb thaum khaws cia qhov saj.
8. Cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam khoom noj thiab dej haus
Vim nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm, citric acid siv rau ntau hom khoom, suav nrog:
1. Dej haus: dej qab zib, dej txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej hmoov.
2. Khoom qab zib thiab khoom noj txom ncauj: khoom qab zib qaub, khoom qab zib nplaum, thiab khoom qab zib qaub.
3. Cov khoom txiv hmab txiv ntoo: jam, jelly, txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv qab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav ua tiav noj.
4. Cov kua ntses thiab cov txuj lom: kua txiv lws suav, kua txob, kua zaub xas lav.
5. Cov khoom noj mis nyuj: mis nyuj qab zib uas muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej haus mis nyuj uas muaj ntxhiab (tsis txhob noj ntau dhau).
6. Cov khoom ua tiav lawm: cov khoom noj hauv cov kaus poom thiab qee cov khoom noj uas npaj txhij noj uas xav tau kev kho pH.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Txwv Siv
Feem ntau, cov kua qaub citric acid suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg feem coob thaum siv raws li qhia. Nws kuj tshwm sim ntuj hauv cov khoom noj txhua hnub, tshwj xeeb yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom muaj kua qaub ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob rau qee tus neeg, xws li mob plab, mob hniav (vim tias cov kua qaub tuaj yeem ua rau cov enamel lwj yog tias raug ntau zaus), lossis mob qhov ncauj rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom noj ua raws li cov kev txwv ntawm kev siv uas cov koom haum tswj hwm khoom noj hauv txhua lub tebchaws tau teev tseg. Hauv tsev neeg, yuav tsum siv cov kua qaub citric tsawg tsawg thiab kho kom haum rau qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv qhia.
Kev kaw
Citric acid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab dej haus vim nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog muab qhov saj tshiab thiab qaub xwb tab sis kuj pab tswj pH, tswj cov xim, qeeb oxidation, txhawb nqa pectin gel tsim, thiab pab txhawb kom lub txee ntev dua los ntawm kev tswj cov kua qaub. Thaum siv kom raug, citric acid pab tsim cov khoom noj uas ruaj khov dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab muaj qhov saj zoo ib yam. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov khoom xyaw no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom noj uas peb noj txhua hnub.
