Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Lub Sijhawm Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Rau Cov Menyuam Mos
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus ntawm ntau yam kab mob loj uas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv puas tsuaj thiab ua rau tuag tau. Tau ob peb xyoos dhau los no, kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau pab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis. Yuav kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov niam txiv kom nkag siab txog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas xav tau thiab cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pom zoo rau cov menyuam mos.
Vim li cas kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiaj li tseem ceeb?
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pab tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos ntawm ntau yam kab mob uas tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Thaum ib tug neeg tau txhaj tshuaj, lawv lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob tshwj xeeb. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau tus kuj pab tau rau pej xeem los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau tus, uas tiv thaiv cov tib neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tau, xws li cov menyuam mos lossis cov neeg uas muaj qee yam mob.
Cov Hom Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Uas Cov Menyuam Mos Xav Tau
Nov yog qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb uas feem ntau muab rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau cov lus piav qhia:
1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)
Koob tshuaj BCG yog ib koob tshuaj uas tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob ntsws (TB), uas yog ib yam kab mob sib kis loj heev uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws. Feem ntau koob tshuaj no yuav muab rau koj sai sai tom qab koj yug los yog thaum koj tus menyuam mus rau tsev kho mob thawj zaug.
2. Kab mob siab B
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob siab B, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj mus ntev lossis mob qog noj ntshav hauv siab. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muab rau peb koob tshuaj: thaum yug los, thaum muaj 1-2 lub hlis, thiab thaum muaj 6-18 lub hlis.
3. Tus kab mob Polio
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tiv thaiv kab mob poliomyelitis, uas yog ib yam kab mob viral uas ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio muaj ob hom: tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio haus (OPV) thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tsis ua haujlwm (IPV). Feem ntau yog muab rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2, 4, 6–18 lub hlis, thiab ntawm 4 thiab 6 xyoos.
4. DTP (Kab mob Diphtheria, Kab mob Tetanus, thiab Kab mob Pertussis)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob DTP tiv thaiv peb yam kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob: diphtheria, tetanus, thiab pertussis (hnoos qhuj). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no feem ntau muab tsib koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2, 4, thiab 6 lub hlis, thiab cov koob tshuaj txhawb nqa rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 15-18 lub hlis thiab hnub nyoog ntawm 4 thiab 6 xyoos.
5. Kab mob Hib (Haemophilus influenzae hom b)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Hib tiv thaiv kab mob Haemophilus influenzae hom b, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hlwb, mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam kab mob hnyav rau cov menyuam yaus. Nws raug muab rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2, 4, thiab 6 lub hlis, nrog rau koob tshuaj txhawb nqa thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-15 lub hlis.
6. PCV (Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Pneumococcal Conjugate)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv PCV tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav xws li mob ntsws, mob hlwb, thiab mob sepsis. Nws raug muab rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2, 4, thiab 6 lub hlis, nrog rau koob tshuaj txhawb nqa thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-15 lub hlis.
7. MMR (Measles, Mumps, thiab Rubella)
Tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, mob qog, thiab mob rubella. Feem ntau yuav muab ob koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus: thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-15 lub hlis thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoos.
8. Rotavirus
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus, uas ua rau raws plab hnyav, ntuav, thiab qhuav dej rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus. Feem ntau muab ob lossis peb koob tshuaj, nyob ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, pib thaum muaj 2 lub hlis.
9. Kab mob khaub thuas
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos ntawm tus kab mob khaub thuas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav thiab muaj teeb meem loj. Nws raug pom zoo kom muab txhua xyoo pib thaum muaj 6 lub hlis.
10. Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Qhua Plab (Varicella)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob varicella tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias. Feem ntau muab ob koob tshuaj: thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12-15 lub hlis thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoos.
11. Kab mob siab A
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab hom A yog muab rau kom tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob siab hom A, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob siab ceev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau muab ob koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12-23 lub hlis, tsawg kawg yog 6 lub hlis sib nrug.
12. Kab mob Meningococcus
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hlwb thiab mob sepsis. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tsis suav nrog rau hauv txhua daim ntawv teem sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau menyuam yaus, qee lub tebchaws suav nrog nws raws li qhov kev pheej hmoo hauv lawv cheeb tsam.
Teem Caij Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Rau Cov Menyuam Mos
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tau pom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias koj tus menyuam tau txais kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm raug. Cov hauv qab no yog cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau menyuam yaus raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) thiab ntau lub koom haum kev noj qab haus huv.
Hnub Nyoog 0 Lub Hlis (Thaum Yug Los)
– BCG
– Kab mob siab B (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
Muaj 2 Lub Hlis
– Kab mob siab B (koob thib ob)
– Kab mob Polio (IPV los yog OPV)
– DTP (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
– Hib (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
– PCV (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
– Rotavirus (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
Muaj 4 Lub Hlis
– Kab mob Polio (IPV los yog OPV)
– DTP (koob thib ob)
– Hib (koob thib ob)
– PCV (koob thib ob)
– Rotavirus (koob thib ob)
Muaj 6 Lub Hlis
– Kab mob siab B (koob thib peb)
– Kab mob Polio (IPV los yog OPV)
– DTP (koob tshuaj thib peb)
– Hib (koob thib peb)
– PCV (koob thib peb)
– Rotavirus (koob tshuaj thib peb, nyob ntawm seb hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob twg)
– Kab mob khaub thuas (koob tshuaj thawj zaug txhua xyoo, pib tau thaum muaj hnub nyoog li no)
Muaj hnub nyoog 12-15 lub hlis
– MMR (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
– Hib (koob thib plaub lossis koob tshuaj txhawb nqa)
– PCV (koob thib plaub)
– Kab mob Varicella (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
– Kab mob siab A (koob tshuaj thawj zaug)
Kab mob khaub thuas (koob tshuaj txhua xyoo)
Muaj 18 Lub Hlis
– DTP (koob tshuaj thib plaub los yog koob tshuaj ntxiv)
– Kab mob Polio (IPV los yog OPV)
– Kab mob siab A (koob thib ob, tsawg kawg yog 6 lub hlis tom qab koob thawj zaug)
Muaj hnub nyoog 4-6 Xyoos
– MMR (koob thib ob)
– Kab mob Varicella (koob thib ob)
– DTP (koob thib tsib)
– Kab mob Polio (IPV los yog OPV)
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ua Raws Li Lub Sijhawm Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Kev ua raws li cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias:
– Kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb: Qee cov kab mob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau qee lub hnub nyoog. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws sijhawm yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb no.
- Tswj Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Rau Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm: Kev ua raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg yuav pab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Kev Ua Kom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau txhaj ntau koob tshuaj kom paub tseeb tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo thiab kav ntev.
Yog tias ib tug neeg tsis nco qab txhaj tshuaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob kom tau txais cov tshuaj uas tsis nco qab, vim tias tej zaum yuav tau hloov kho lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Xaus
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov kev nqis peev zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv mus sij hawm ntev rau kev tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus ntawm ntau yam kab mob hnyav. Kev nkag siab txog cov hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas xav tau thiab ua raws li cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv muab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus. Ua niam txiv, nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias peb cov menyuam yaus tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws sijhawm kom loj hlob zoo thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
