Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Cable nrog Cov Khoom Siv Thermal Insulation
Cov cables yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no. Txij li kev teeb tsa hauv tsev thiab cov tes hauj lwm kev lag luam mus rau kev thauj mus los, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, txhua yam vam khom cov cables kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab sib txuas lus lub zog lossis cov cim. Raws li qhov xav tau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb nce ntxiv, thev naus laus zis tsim cov cable txuas ntxiv mus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev rwb thaiv tsev. Ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb yog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, tsim los khaws cov cua sov, txo cov cua sov hloov pauv, thiab tswj cov cable ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub siab lossis qhov chaw kub heev.
1. Vim li cas kev rwb thaiv cua sov thiaj tseem ceeb hauv cov cables?
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev cable yog tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob ntws mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj luv luv, thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg siv los ntawm kev poob siab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, kev rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob ib leeg tsis txaus. Thaum cov cables nqa cov hluav taws xob loj, cua sov tshwm sim vim yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg coj (I²R poob). Ntxiv mus, cov cables yuav nyob ze ntawm cov tshuab kub, thaj chaw muaj pa taws, chav tshuab, lossis cov kab teeb tsa nrog qhov kub thiab txias siab.
Qhov no yog qhov uas kev rwb thaiv cua sov los ua lub luag haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv cua sov pab tswj qhov kub ntawm cov cable hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, qeeb qeeb kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv cua sov, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws. Hauv cov lag luam xws li roj thiab roj av, kev khawb av, metallurgy, thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau, cov cables feem ntau yuav tsum tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus hluav taws, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo txawm tias muaj xwm txheej ceev.
2. Cov Qauv Cable thiab Cov Txheej Rwb Thaiv Tsev
Feem ntau, cov xov hluav taws xob muaj ntau txheej:
1. Tus neeg xyuas pib: feem ntau yog tooj liab lossis txhuas, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xov (stranded) lossis khoom.
2. Kev rwb thaiv tsev thawj zaug: ib txheej polymer uas lo rau tus neeg coj hluav taws xob rau kev rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob.
3. Cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom sib cais (cov khoom sau / cov khoom khi): tswj cov duab thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov xov hlau ntau lub plawv.
4. Sab hauv lub hnab: kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ua ntej txheej armor.
5. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv/kev tiv thaiv (xaiv tau): daim kab xev hlau lossis hlau xaim rau kev tiv thaiv tshuab.
6. Lub hnab sab nraud (lub tsho): kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig (kev puas tsuaj, roj, UV, tshuaj lom neeg).
Hauv cov cables uas muaj qhov xav tau thermal siab, kev tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau yog txhim kho nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tiv taus kub zoo dua, tiv taus nplaim taws, thiab kev ruaj khov kho tshuab.
3. Cov Hom Khoom Siv Rwb Thaiv Kub
Qee cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thermal uas feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam cable suav nrog:
a. XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)
XLPE yog polyethylene sib txuas, ua rau nws tiv taus cua sov thiab deformation. Cov xov hlau XLPE-insulated feem ntau siv rau hauv kev faib hluav taws xob vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab dua li PVC.
b. Roj Hmab Silicone (Rubber Silicone)
Cov roj hmab silicone zoo heev hauv kev tiv taus kub thiab kev ywj pheej. Cov xov silicone siv dav hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias heev, xws li cov cub tawg hauv kev lag luam, cov tshuab cua sov, thiab qee yam kev siv hauv tsheb.
c. PTFE, FEP, PFA (Fluoropolymer)
Cov fluoropolymers paub txog lawv qhov kev tiv taus kub siab, kev tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom dielectric zoo heev. Cov xov hlau ua los ntawm PTFE yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, aerospace, thiab ib puag ncig uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev xeb.
d. Daim kab xev Mica (Daim kab xev Mica)
Feem ntau siv mica ua ib yam khoom tiv thaiv cua sov thiab hluav taws. Hauv cov xov hluav taws uas tiv taus hluav taws, daim kab xev mica siv los tswj kom ruaj khov ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thaum muaj hluav taws, uas ua rau cov kab ke tseem ceeb (lub tswb ceeb toom, twj tua hluav taws) ua haujlwm tau rau ib lub sijhawm teev tseg.
e. LSZH/LSOH (Tsis Muaj Pa Luam Yeeb Tsawg Halogen)
Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog rwb thaiv cua sov xwb, tab sis yog ib yam khoom siv uas tsim los ua kom muaj pa luam yeeb tsawg thiab tsis muaj halogen thaum hlawv. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau kev nyab xeeb hauv cov chaw kaw xws li cov tsev, qhov av, nkoj, thiab tsheb ciav hlau.
4. Cov Theem ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Uas Muaj Thermally Insulated
Kev tsim cov xov hlau niaj hnub no vam khom kev tswj xyuas zoo, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev xaiv cov khoom siv. Cov kauj ruam dav dav uas feem ntau siv yog cov hauv qab no:
1) Kev Npaj thiab Kev Rho Tawm Cov Neeg Txuas Lus
Cov khoom siv tooj liab/txhuas raug rub (xaim los ntawm hlau) mus rau ib txoj kab uas hla tshwj xeeb. Rau cov xov hlau uas yooj ywm, ntau cov xov hlau me me raug ntswj ua ke (stranding). Qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg coj hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws cuam tshuam rau kev tiv taus, cua sov, thiab lub zog tensile.
2) Txheej Txheem Annealing (Softening)
Cov xov hlau feem ntau raug annealed kom ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem kos duab. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov xov hlau kom tiv taus kev tawg thiab yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa.
3) Kev Rho Tawm Rwb Thaiv Tsev Thawj Zaug
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev yog extrusion, qhov twg cov polymer raug cua sov kom txog thaum nws ua yas thiab tom qab ntawd yuam los ntawm lub pwm kom sib npaug cov txheej txheem. Rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub thoob thiab lub pwm,
– qhov ceev ntawm kab,
- lub zog extrusion,
- qhov tuab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev,
- kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom xyaw (kev sib xyaw).
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li XLPE, kev rho tawm yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem sib txuas. Cov ntaub ntawv fluoropolymer xav tau kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias nruj vim tias lawv cov yam ntxwv yaj txawv ntawm cov polymers feem ntau.
4) Kev Sib Txuas (rau XLPE)
Kev sib txuas ua ke tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj kev, piv txwv li:
– Kev sib txuas ntawm peroxide: siv cov tshuaj peroxide, ua tiav ntawm qee qhov kub.
- Silane cross-linking: siv cov dej noo los ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus.
Kev sib txuas ua rau kom tiv taus cua sov thiab tiv thaiv kom cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis txhob "mos" thaum kub siab.
5) Kev Teeb tsa Daim Kab Xev Mica lossis Txheej Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws (Yog Tias Xav Tau)
Rau cov xov hlau uas tiv taus hluav taws, daim kab xev mica raug qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub xov hlau. Cov txheej txheem winding yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv uas yuav ua rau cua sov tawm mus. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm mica thiab LSZH sheathing feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov hauv tsev pej xeem.
6) Kev Tsim Kab Hlau Ntau Lub Core
Yog tias cov xov hlau muaj ntau lub cores, txhua lub core insulated yuav tsum tau sib ntswg ua ke (cabling). Cov khoom filler tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kom tswj tau lub voj voog ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov khoob ntau dhau uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tso cua sov tawm.
7) Kev Teeb tsa ntawm Sheathing (Sheathing / Jacket Extrusion)
Lub plhaub sab nraud yog extruded rau kev tiv thaiv tshuab thiab ib puag ncig. Rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom sov thiab hluav taws kub, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau raug xaiv:
- LSZH rau cov pa luam yeeb tsawg,
– Cov polymers uas tiv taus roj lossis tiv taus UV,
- sib tov tiv taus hluav taws.
8) Txias thiab dov
Tom qab extrusion, lub cable raug txias (feem ntau los ntawm lub qhov dej) thiab tom qab ntawd qhwv rau ntawm lub nruas. Kev tswj hwm txias tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thiab tswj hwm qhov tuab txheej ruaj khov.
5. Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Ib txoj hlua uas muaj rwb thaiv cua sov tsis yog tsuas yog "zoo nkaus li zoo xwb." Nws yuav tsum dhau qhov kev sim siab heev, xws li:
- kev sim dielectric tawg,
- kev kuaj xyuas kev laus ntawm cua sov kom pom cov khoom puas tsuaj,
- kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, nyob ntawm tus qauv,
- kev ntsuam xyuas cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus halogen rau LSZH,
- kev ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov ovality,
- kev ntsuam xyuas kev puas tsuaj thiab tensile ntawm lub casing,
- kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab kev tiv thaiv.
Feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li IEC, UL, lossis cov qauv hauv tebchaws uas siv tau. Kev ua raws li cov qauv no txiav txim siab seb lub xov hlau puas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv hauv kev teeb tsa tseem ceeb.
6. Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Qauv Kev Loj Hlob
Muaj ntau yam teeb meem loj hauv kev tsim cov cables thermally insulated:
1. Kev sib npaug ntawm kev tiv taus cua sov thiab kev ywj pheej: cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus cua sov feem ntau tawv dua, yog li yuav tsum tsim qauv ntawm cov qauv conductor thiab cov khoom sib xyaw polymer kom zoo.
2. Kev sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem extrusion: qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias lossis qhov ceev tuaj yeem ua rau cov tuab tsis sib xws thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thermal.
3. Cov kev xav tau uas zoo rau ib puag ncig: cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tab tom hloov mus rau cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj pa phem ntau, siv tau dua tshiab, thiab muaj kev phom sij tsawg kawg nkaus.
4. Cov ntawv thov kub heev: cov tsheb fais fab, lub zog rov ua dua tshiab, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ua rau muaj qhov xav tau cov cables uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qab cov khoom hnyav yam tsis muaj kev laus sai.
Cov qauv yav tom ntej kuj taw qhia rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, nano-fillers kom nce qhov kev ua kom sov tshwj xeeb (yog li cua sov tuaj yeem faib tau sib npaug ntau dua), thiab cov qauv cable uas sib dua tab sis tuaj yeem tiv taus cov xwm txheej hnyav.
7. Txoj kev
Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ua ke cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho txheej txheem, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv xws li XLPE, silicone, fluoropolymer, lossis mica daim kab xev, nrog rau cov txheej txheem extrusion meej thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo, cov cables tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav. Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kab ke hluav taws xob xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev tiv thaiv tib neeg thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam.
