Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Qhov Siab ntawm Ib Qho Chaw nrog Daim Ntawv Qhia Topographic
Pendahuluuan
Cov ntawv qhia topographic yog cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rau kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw. Lawv qhia ntau yam xws li qhov siab, cov duab av, thiab lwm yam ntxwv kom ntxaws. Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv qhia topographic yog los xam qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog qhov tob txog yuav ua li cas xam qhov siab siv daim ntawv qhia topographic, uas npog kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv qhia topographic, cov kauj ruam rau kev nyeem cov duab, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev xam qhov siab.
Kev Nkag Siab Txog Cov Duab Qhia Txog Thaj Chaw
Daim ntawv qhia topographic yog daim duab kos ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, qhia cov kab contour, lossis qhov siab, saum hiav txwv. Cov ntawv qhia no siv cov kab contour los txuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov siab sib npaug. Qhov ze dua cov kab contour nyob rau ib leeg, qhov ntxhab dua.
Cov Ntsiab Lus ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Topographic
Ua ntej yuav xam qhov siab li cas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau ntawm cov ntawv qhia topographic:
1. Kab Contour: Ib txoj kab uas txuas cov ntsiab lus sib npaug zos. Qhov nrug ntsug ntawm cov kab contour hu ua lub sijhawm contour.
2. Lub Sijhawm Sib Npaug: Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab ntawm ob txoj kab sib law liag.
3. Cov Kab Ntsig Contour: Cov kab contour raug luam tawm tuab dua thiab sau nrog lawv qhov siab kom yooj yim nyeem.
4. Daim Ntawv Qhia Qhov Ntsuas: Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov deb ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab qhov deb tiag tiag ntawm hauv av.
5. Lus Cim: Kev piav qhia txog cov cim siv rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia.
6. Kev Taw Qhia ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia: Feem ntau qhia los ntawm kev taw qhia sab qaum teb ntawm daim ntawv qhia.
Cov Kauj Ruam Los Xam Qhov Siab ntawm Ib Qho Chaw
Nov yog cov kauj ruam uas koj tuaj yeem ua raws li los xam qhov siab ntawm ib qho chaw siv daim ntawv qhia topographic:
1. Txheeb xyuas cov kab contour thiab cov contour intervals
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog txheeb xyuas cov kab contour ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab txiav txim siab lawv qhov sib nrug. Qhov sib nrug ntawm contour feem ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia lus dab neeg. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov sib nrug ntawm contour yog 20 meters, qhov no txhais tau tias txhua kab contour sawv cev rau qhov hloov pauv 20-meter ntawm qhov siab.
2. Nrhiav Qhov Chaw Uas Koj Xav Xam
Kos kab qhov chaw uas koj xav xam qhov siab ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb lossis thaj chaw loj dua. Nco ntsoov cov kab contour nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw.
3. Txheeb xyuas qhov Contour Index ze tshaj plaws
Nrhiav txoj kab cim qhia ze tshaj plaws rau koj qhov chaw mus. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab cim qhia yog cov ntawv tuab thiab muaj qhov siab sau rau. Piv txwv li, yog tias txoj kab cim qhia yog sau tias 200 meters, nws txhais tau tias txoj kab yog 200 meters saum hiav txwv.
4. Xam Qhov Nrug Deb Ntawm Kab Contour Ze Tshaj Plaws
Tom qab txiav txim siab seb kab ntsuas qhov ze tshaj plaws yog dab tsi, suav tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw uas koj xav ntsuas qhov siab mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws yog dab tsi. Yog tias koj qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob kab ntsuas, koj yuav tsum kwv yees nws qhov deb raws li nws qhov ze rau cov kab ntawd.
5. Xam Qhov Siab
Siv qhov ntev ntawm qhov contour los xam qhov siab. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov ntev ntawm qhov contour yog 20 meters thiab koj qhov chaw nyob yog ob kab contour saum kab contour 200-meter, ces qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw yog 200 + (2 x 20) = 240 meters.
6. Siv Interpolation rau High Accuracy
Yog tias qhov chaw uas koj ntsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob txoj kab contour, koj yuav tsum siv interpolation kom tau txais qhov tshwm sim tseeb dua. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm 240-meter thiab 260-meter contour kab, nws qhov siab tuaj yeem kwv yees li ntawm 250 meters.
Piv txwv ntawm kev xam qhov siab
Cia peb siv cov kauj ruam saum toj no rau ib qho piv txwv ua tau. Cia peb hais tias koj muaj daim ntawv qhia topographic ntawm Roob A nrog lub voj voog ntawm 50 meters:
1. Txheeb xyuas cov kab contour thiab cov contour intervals:
- Qhov sib nrug ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntawm Roob A yog 50 meters.
2. Nrhiav Qhov Chaw Uas Koj Xav Xam:
– Qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau xam yog qhov chaw X ntawm daim ntawv qhia.
3. Txheeb xyuas Cov Contour Index Ze Tshaj Plaws:
- Txoj kab ntsuas ze tshaj plaws yog 400 meters.
4. Xam Qhov Nrug Deb Ntawm Kab Contour Ze Tshaj Plaws:
- Txoj hauj lwm X yog ob txoj kab contour saum toj ntawm 400 meter index line.
5. Xam Qhov Siab:
– Qhov siab = 400 + (2 x 50) = 500 meters.
Yog tias qhov chaw X nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob txoj kab contour, kwv yees nws qhov deb siv kev sib txuas. Piv txwv li, yog tias X yog ib nrab ntawm 450 meters thiab 500 meters, nws qhov siab yog kwv yees li 475 meters.
Cov Yuam Kev thiab Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Nyeem Cov Duab Qhia Txog Thaj Chaw
Yuam Kev Feem Ntau
– Tsis quav ntsej txog qhov ntsuas ntawm daim ntawv qhia: Tsis ua tib zoo saib qhov ntsuas ntawm daim ntawv qhia tuaj yeem ua rau kev suav tsis raug.
- Kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm Cov Kab Contour: Xav txog txhua cov kab contour ua cov kab ntsuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev.
- Tsis quav ntsej txog qhov sib nrug ntawm Contour: Tsis paub qhov sib nrug ntawm contour yuav ua rau koj cov kev xam tsis raug.
Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Nyeem Cov Duab Qhia Txog Thaj Chaw
- Siv Cov Cuab Yeej: Kev siv cov cuab yeej xws li tus kav lossis lub compass topographical tuaj yeem pab ua kom raug.
– Xyaum Ua Ntau Zaus: Koj xyaum nyeem cov ntawv qhia chaw ntau npaum li cas, koj yuav txawj ntau npaum ntawd.
– Txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig: Yog tias ua tau, txheeb xyuas koj cov txiaj ntsig siv lwm txoj hauv kev xws li lub ntsuas qhov siab lossis daim ntawv qhia digital.
Xaus
Kev suav qhov siab siv daim ntawv qhia topographic yuav tsum nkag siab zoo txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab cov txheej txheem xam kom raug. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam uas tau tham, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau yooj yim. Ntxiv mus, kev xyaum tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas kom meej yuav pab txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev nyeem thiab siv cov ntawv qhia topographic. Cov ntawv qhia topographic yog cov cuab yeej muaj nqis, tsis yog rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg taug kev xwb, tab sis kuj rau txhua tus neeg uas tab tom nrhiav kev nkag siab tob txog thaj chaw thiab qhov siab ntawm thaj chaw.
