Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Ntshav Plasma thiab Serum
Ntshav yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, thauj cov pa oxygen, cov as-ham, cov tshuaj hormones, thiab lwm yam khoom mus rau txhua lub cev thiab cov nqaij. Ntshav muaj ntau yam khoom uas ua rau lub cev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Muaj ob yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav uas feem ntau tham txog hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb kho mob: plasma thiab serum. Txawm hais tias feem ntau suav tias zoo sib xws los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub, plasma thiab serum muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Tsab xov xwm no yuav piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav plasma thiab serum thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab txog ob yam khoom no hauv kev kho mob.
Cov ntshav plasma
Kev Txhais thiab Kev Sib xyaw ntawm Plasma
Cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav yog cov kua daj ntseg uas muaj li ntawm 55% ntawm cov ntshav hauv tib neeg. Cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav muaj li ntawm 90–92% dej, thiab cov seem yog cov protein, ntsev, cov enzymes, cov pa roj, cov as-ham, thiab cov khoom pov tseg.
Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Plasma
Cov ntshav plasma ua haujlwm ua ib qho chaw thauj khoom. Nws pab nqa ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom mus rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev. Cov ntshav plasma ua haujlwm rau:
1. Thauj cov as-ham thiab cov tshuaj hormones thoob plaws lub cev.
2. Nqa cov khoom pov tseg hauv lub cev mus rau lub siab thiab lub raum kom tso tawm.
3. Pab tswj qhov kub ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev faib cua sov.
4. Muaj cov protein hauv cov ntshav xws li albumin uas pab tswj lub zog osmotic thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav.
5. Muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav txhaws xws li fibrinogen uas tseem ceeb heev rau cov txheej txheem hemostasis.
Kev Tsim Plasma
Cov ntshav plasma yog tau los ntawm cov ntshav tag nrho uas tau raug rub thiab tom qab ntawd cais tawm siv lub centrifuge. Lub centrifuge yog ib lub cuab yeej uas tig cov ntshav kuaj ntawm qhov ceev ceev, cais nws cov khoom raws li lawv qhov ceev. Cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov qe ntshav dawb sib sau ua ke hauv qab ntawm lub raj, thaum cov plasma sib dua tseem nyob rau sab saum toj.
Cov ntshav ntshav
Kev Txhais thiab Cov Khoom Xyaw ntawm Serum
Cov kua ntshav yog cov kua uas tseem nyob tom qab cov ntshav tau khov thiab cov yam ntxwv khov xws li fibrinogen tau raug tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem no tshem tawm qee cov khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav, tab sis khaws cov tshuaj xws li cov tshuaj hormones, electrolytes, antigens, thiab cov protein.
Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Ntshav
Cov serum tseem muaj ntau yam tshuaj tseem ceeb uas siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev tshawb fawb. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm serum suav nrog:
1. Muab cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob los ntawm ntau yam kev kuaj ntshav.
2. Muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev teb ntawm lub cev.
3. Siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom kho mob thiab kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
4. Siv rau hauv kev sim tshuaj kho mob los saib xyuas cov mob lossis nkag siab txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob.
Kev Tsim Tshuaj Serum
Cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov serum zoo ib yam li cov plasma, tab sis muaj ib kauj ruam ntxiv. Tom qab sau cov ntshav tag nrho, cov qauv yuav tsum tau tso tseg lossis ntxiv cov tshuaj clotting kom coagulate. Thaum cov ntshav txhaws, ob qho tib si plasma thiab cov khoom ntawm lub cev xws li cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets raug tshem tawm, tawm hauv cov serum nyob rau sab saum toj.
Kev Sib Piv Txog Cov Plasma Thiab Serum
Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem
1. Cov Protein thiab Cov Yam Uas Ua Rau Cov Ntshav Txhaws:
- Cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav muaj cov yam ntxwv ua rau cov ntshav khov (xws li fibrinogen) uas tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem hemostasis.
- Cov ntshav tsis muaj cov tshuaj no li, vim nws tau dhau los ua cov ntshav txhaws.
2. Cov Electrolytes, Cov Hormones, thiab Cov Enzymes:
– Ob qho tib si plasma thiab serum muaj electrolytes (xws li sodium, potassium, calcium), cov tshuaj hormones, thiab cov enzymes hauv qhov sib npaug zos, tab sis ob qho tib si tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhaws.
Kev Siv Hauv Chaw Kho Mob thiab Chaw Kuaj Mob
1. Kev Kuaj Mob:
– Feem ntau siv cov ntshav hauv kev kuaj mob uas xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas coagulation xws li PT (Prothrombin Time) lossis aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time).
- Cov ntshav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kev kuaj ntshav xws li kev kuaj ntshav qabzib, kev kuaj mob siab, thiab ntau yam kev kuaj mob tiv thaiv kab mob.
2. Cov Kev Xav Tau Tshwj Xeeb:
- Plasma siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej kho mob uas xav tau kev hloov ntshav los kho cov teeb meem los ntshav lossis cov ntshav txhaws.
- Cov tshuaj serum siv rau hauv cov chaw soj nstuam tshawb fawb rau ntau yam kev sim biochemical.
Txoj Kev Npaj
1. Siv Cov Tshuaj Anticoagulants:
- Cov ntshav tau los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj anticoagulants xws li EDTA, heparin, lossis sodium citrate, uas tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws thaum lub sijhawm sib cais.
- Cov ntshav serum tau txais yam tsis siv cov tshuaj anticoagulants thiab yuav tsum muaj cov ntshav khov ua ntej cais.
2. Txheej Txheem Centrifugation:
- Plasma tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem centrifugation ncaj qha tom qab ntxiv cov tshuaj anticoagulant.
- Cov ntshav tau txais los ntawm kev centrifugation tom qab cov ntshav tau clotted thiab tsim ib lub stratum.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Khaws Cia
- Kev Ruaj Ntseg:
- Cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav (serum) raug suav hais tias ruaj khov dua li cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav vim nws tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau cov ntshav txhaws hloov pauv tau thiab tiv taus cua sov.
- Kev Khaws Cia:
- Plasma xav tau khaws cia rau qhov kub qis thiab feem ntau xav tau kev tuav pov hwm ntau dua kom tswj tau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom txhaws.
- Cov tshuaj serum tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev dua ntawm qhov kub txias lossis khov tsis cuam tshuam nws qhov kev ua tiav.
Xaus
Kev nkag siab txog qhov txawv ntawm plasma thiab serum yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb. Plasma ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhaws ntshav thiab kev tswj hwm osmotic siab thiab cov ntshav ntim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, serum siv dav hauv kev kuaj mob vim tias nws tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv txhaws, ua rau muaj cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov dua dhau sijhawm. Ob qho tib si muaj kev siv sib txawv tab sis tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob thiab chaw kuaj mob. Kev siv ob yam khoom no kom zoo dua tuaj yeem pab tau zoo hauv kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau yam mob. Kev nkag siab zoo txog plasma thiab serum kuj tseem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb kho mob.
