Lub Tswv Yim Kho Qhov Mob thiab Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb
Qhov txhab yog kev puas tsuaj rau cov nqaij ntawm lub cev, feem ntau yog los ntawm ib yam khoom ntse, kub hnyiab, kis kab mob, lossis lwm yam kev raug mob ntawm lub cev. Thaum muaj qhov txhab, lub cev siv cov txheej txheem kho mob uas nyuaj thiab tswj hwm zoo los kho cov nqaij uas puas lawm. Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no yog cov qe ntshav dawb (leukocytes), uas ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas thiab txhawb kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov txheej txheem kho mob. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho qhov txhab thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov txheej txheem no.
Cov Theem Kho Mob Qhov Ncauj
Kev kho qhov txhab muaj ntau theem sib law liag. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem kho qhov txhab tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm hom thiab qhov loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj, feem ntau muaj plaub theem tseem ceeb uas peb yuav tham txog:
1. Theem Hemostasis
Thaum muaj qhov txhab, lub cev tam sim ntawd sim ua kom cov ntshav tsis txhob ntws los ntawm kev hemostasis. Hauv ob peb feeb tom qab qhov txhab tshwm sim, cov hlab ntsha nyob ib puag ncig qhov txhab yuav nqaim (vasoconstriction) kom txo cov ntshav ntws. Cov platelets (thrombocytes) txav mus rau thaj chaw qhov txhab thiab sib sau ua ke los ua ib qho txhaws lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas thaiv cov ntshav ntws. Cov platelets kuj tso tawm ntau yam tshuaj uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntshav txhaws (coagulation), thaum kawg tsim cov fibrin network muaj zog dua los kaw qhov txhab.
2. Theem Mob
Thaum cov ntshav tsis txav mus los tau zoo lawm, lub cev yuav nkag mus rau theem mob, uas kav ntev li ob peb hnub mus txog ob peb lub lis piam. Qhov no yog thaum cov qe ntshav dawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neutrophils thiab macrophages, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Neutrophils yog thawj cov qe ntshav dawb uas tuaj txog ntawm qhov txhab, feem ntau yog li ntawm ob peb teev. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshem tawm thaj chaw txhab ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov kab mob los ntawm phagocytosis.
Tom qab ob peb hnub, cov macrophages hloov cov neutrophils ua cov hlwb tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw qhov txhab. Macrophages tsis yog tsuas yog txuas ntxiv ntxuav xwb tab sis kuj tso tawm ntau cov cim tshuaj lom neeg (cytokines) uas tswj kev o thiab txhawb cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev kho qhov txhab. Cov txheej txheem o no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws muab cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho tom qab, txawm hais tias kev o ntau dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev kho thiab ua rau cov nqaij puas tsuaj ntxiv.
3. Theem Proliferative
Thaum lub sijhawm no, uas kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam, lub cev pib tsim cov nqaij tshiab los hloov cov nqaij puas. Kev loj hlob ntawm fibroblast thiab kev tsim cov matrix sab nraud yog qhov tseem ceeb rau theem no. Fibroblasts yog cov hlwb uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tsim cov collagen thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov nqaij sib txuas. Cov hlwb Endothelial hauv cov hlab ntsha kuj pib loj hlob los tsim cov hlab ntsha tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua angiogenesis.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov hlwb epithelial ntawm ntug qhov txhab pib tsiv mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov txhab kom npog qhov txhab, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua re-epithelialization. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub so ntswg granulation, uas muaj cov hlab ntsha tshiab, fibroblasts, thiab extracellular matrix, puv qhov txhab. Cov qe ntshav dawb xws li macrophages tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw qhov txhab kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob mus zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.
4. Theem Kho Dua Tshiab
Theem kawg ntawm kev kho qhov txhab yog theem kho dua tshiab lossis theem loj hlob, uas tuaj yeem kav ntev li ntau lub hlis mus rau ntau xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov collagen uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm proliferative raug rov tsim dua thiab hloov kho kom cov nqaij muaj zog thiab yooj ywm. Txoj kev no ua rau qhov caws pliav tsis tuab thiab tiv taus kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb hauv Kev Kho Mob Qhov Ncauj
Tam sim no peb yuav kawm tob dua txog seb cov qe ntshav dawb ua lub luag haujlwm li cas hauv txhua theem ntawm kev kho qhov txhab:
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Neutrophils
Raws li tau hais lawm, cov neutrophils yog cov thawj cov neeg teb hauv theem o. Lawv yuav luag ib txwm tuaj txog ntawm qhov txhab hauv ob peb teev tom qab raug mob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm neutrophils yog phagocytosis, cov txheej txheem uas lawv nqus thiab zom cov kab mob, cov hlwb puas tsuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom seem ntawm cov nqaij. Neutrophils kuj tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov enzymes uas tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob me me lossis rhuav tshem cov nqaij puas tsuaj.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Macrophages
Cov macrophages tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntxuav cov neutrophils xwb, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm dav dua thiab tob dua hauv kev kho qhov txhab. Lawv yog cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv lawv txoj haujlwm raws li lub cev xav tau. Piv txwv li, macrophages tuaj yeem txhawb kev o los pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev, lossis lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov o los pab txhawb kev kho mob.
Cov macrophages kuj tso tawm ntau yam cytokines thiab cov yam ntxwv loj hlob uas ua rau fibroblast loj hlob, tsim cov hlab ntsha tshiab, thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov hlwb epithelial. Qhov no piav qhia vim li cas macrophages tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj hwm theem proliferative thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua yam txheej txheem khiav mus zoo thiab sib npaug.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Lymphocytes
Txawm hais tias cov lymphocytes feem ntau paub txog lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov hlwb no kuj koom nrog kev kho qhov txhab. Piv txwv li, T lymphocytes tuaj yeem pab tswj kev o thiab txhawb kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv kuj tsim cov cytokines uas qhia lwm cov hlwb hauv cov nqaij kom loj hlob thiab tsiv mus rau thaj chaw raug mob.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Eosinophils thiab Basophils
Ob hom qe ntshav dawb no paub zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua xua thiab kev kis kab mob parasitic. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom muaj me me hauv cov qhov txhab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov txheej txheem kho mob cuam tshuam nrog kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob nyuaj dua. Eosinophils tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog fibroblasts thiab txhawb kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg, thaum basophils tuaj yeem tso tawm histamine, uas tswj cov ntshav ntws hauv thaj chaw qhov txhab.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Yam Sab Nraud thiab Cov Mob Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Tej yam sab nraud xws li kev noj haus, hnub nyoog, thiab kev mob ntev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev kho qhov txhab. Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau theem kev o thiab kev loj hlob vim yog cov ntshav ntws tsis zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo. Kev tsis noj zaub mov zoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb kev kho mob vim tias lub cev tsis muaj peev txheej los tsim cov hlwb tshiab thiab cov protein tsim nyog rau txoj kev kho mob.
Xaus
Kev kho qhov txhab yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj uas muaj ntau lub hlwb thiab cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev. Cov qe ntshav dawb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txhua theem ntawm kev kho, txij li kev tso tseg ntshav thaum lub sijhawm hemostasis, mus rau kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub sijhawm o, mus rau kev pab tsim cov nqaij tshiab thiab kev kho dua tshiab hauv theem proliferative thiab remodeling. Los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib cuam tshuam nyuaj thiab sib koom tes, cov qe ntshav dawb ua kom lub cev tuaj yeem rov zoo los ntawm cov qhov txhab.
Kev nkag siab tob txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hauv kev kho qhov txhab tsis yog tsuas yog pab peb nkag siab txog qhov nyuaj ntawm tib neeg lub cev xwb tab sis kuj qhib lub sijhawm rau kev kho mob zoo dua los kho cov qhov txhab thiab kev kis kab mob. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov kev kho mob zoo dua los txhawb thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem kho qhov txhab sai dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.
