Lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov roj

Lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov roj

Ntxiv rau qhov siab, ib qho ntawm cov nqi uas qhia txog cov khoom macroscopic ntawm cov roj yog qhov kub (T). Cov qauv siab ntawm cov roj tau muab los ntawm lub ncauj lus Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kinetic ntawm Cov Pa sau dua:

Cov qauv ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj Ideal Gas uas tau muab los ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj Ideal Gas tau sau dua:

PV = NkT → Kab zauv b

Xav txog kab zauv a thiab kab zauv b. Cov sab laug yog sib npaug, thaum cov sab xis yog yuav luag sib npaug. Vim tias cov sab laug yog sib npaug, ob kab zauv no tuaj yeem ua ke tau:

Yog tias peb muab sab laug thiab sab xis sib npaug los ntawm 3/2 ces qhov kev sib npaug no yuav hloov nws daim ntawv mus rau:

Qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov sib piv ncaj qha rau lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov roj molecules. Qhov kub siab dua, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog kinetic hloov pauv ntau dua, thiab qhov sib piv, qhov kub qis dua, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog kinetic hloov pauv me dua. Peb tuaj yeem xaus lus tias qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog kinetic hloov pauv nruab nrab ntawm cov molecules.

Cov qauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vs lub zog kinetic translational 2 tuaj yeem sau ua lwm daim ntawv:

Ua ntej, Lub zog kinetic hloov pauv yog lub zog kinetic uas ib yam khoom lossis molecule muaj thaum nws tab tom txav mus los. Kev txav mus los tuaj yeem yog linear, oblique, lossis parabolic. Nws cov counterpart yog lub zog kinetic tig. Lub zog kinetic tig yog lub zog kinetic uas ib yam khoom lossis molecule muaj thaum nws tab tom txav mus los.

Qhov thib ob, Lub zog kinetic nruab nrab hauv kab zauv saum toj no tsuas yog siv rau cov pa roj monatomic xwb. Piv txwv ntawm cov pa roj monatomic yog He (helium), Ar (argon), thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau cov pa roj monatomic, kuj muaj cov pa roj diatomic. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pa roj diatomic yog O₂ (pa oxygen), N₂ (nitrogen), CO (carbon monoxide), thiab lwm yam. Kuj tseem muaj cov pa roj polyatomic. Piv txwv li, CO₂ (carbon dioxide) thiab lwm yam. Cov pa roj monoatomic tsuas muaj ib lub atom xwb, cov pa roj diatomic muaj ob lub atoms thiab cov pa roj polyatomic muaj ntau lub atoms.

Qhov thib peb, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv Klevin nplai (K). Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tseem nyob rau hauv Celsius nplai (^oC), hloov nws ua ntej mus rau Kelvin (K) nplai.

Qhov thib plaub, Kab zauv 1 thiab kab zauv 2 saum toj no tsis yog siv rau cov khoom siv roj xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau cov kua thiab cov khoom siv roj.

Piv txwv teeb meem:

Lub zog kinetic nruab nrab ntawm cov molecules hauv cov roj ntawm 40 ° C yog dab tsi? ^oC?

Kev Sib Tham