Cov Cheebtsam hauv Cov Hluav Taws Xob Circuits
Nyob rau lub caij nyoog digital niaj hnub no, thev naus laus zis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Kev thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas vam khom ntau yam khoom siv los ua haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob circuits, ntau yam tseem ceeb tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob circuits thiab lawv ua haujlwm ua ke li cas los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
1. Resistor
Ib lub resistor yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov hluav taws xob circuits. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tswj cov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm kev muab qee qhov tsis kam. Tus nqi tsis kam ntawm lub resistor yog ntsuas hauv ohms (Ω). Cov resistors yog siv los tiv thaiv lwm cov khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau, tswj cov hluav taws xob, thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov teb zaus ntawm lub circuit.
Lub cev, cov resistors muaj cim nrog cov kab xim uas qhia lawv tus nqi tsis kam. Cov kab no ua raws li cov xim code ntawm resistor, pab cov kws kho tshuab txheeb xyuas tus nqi tshwj xeeb thiab kev kam rau ntawm resistor.
2. Tus Kws Kho Mob
Cov capacitors yog lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb heev. Lawv khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob. Cov capacitors muaj ob lub conductors sib cais los ntawm dielectric. Capacitance ntsuas hauv farads (F), tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov, microfarads (µF) lossis picofarads (pF) feem ntau siv.
Cov capacitors siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov suav nrog kev lim cov teeb liab, kev khaws cia lub zog ib ntus, thiab hauv cov oscillator circuits los tsim cov teeb liab hluav taws xob.
3. Induktor
Ib qho inductor yog ib qho khoom zoo ib yam li lub capacitor tab sis ua haujlwm rau txoj kev sib txawv. Ib qho inductor khaws lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog sib nqus thaum lub zog hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm nws. Inductance ntsuas hauv Henrys (H).
Kev siv cov inductors yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov ntawv thov xws li cov lim dej, kev tswj zaus, thiab hauv cov hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob ua ib feem ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob.
4. Diode
Ib lub diode yog ib qho khoom siv semiconductor uas tso cai rau cov hluav taws xob ntws mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Nws muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb los cuam tshuam lossis tso cai rau cov hluav taws xob ntws, nyob ntawm qhov polarity ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob siv rau nws cov terminals. Diodes siv dav hauv rectifiers los hloov cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC) mus rau cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC), nrog rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab cov teeb liab circuits.
5. Transistor
Cov transistors yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, ua haujlwm ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: ua cov amplifiers thiab ua cov switches. Muaj peb lub terminals: collector, emitter, thiab base, transistors tuaj yeem tswj cov dej ntws ntawm tus collector thiab emitter raws li lub zog lossis dej ntws ntawm lawv lub hauv paus.
Cov transistors raug muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) thiab field-effect transistors (FETs). Txawm hais tias lawv muaj cov ntawv thov sib txawv, ob hom txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm logic, RF amplification, thiab ntau lwm yam ntawv thov hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj mus rau xov tooj ntawm tes.
6. Lub Circuit Sib Koom Ua Ke (IC)
Ib lub voj voog sib xyaw ua ke, lossis IC, yog ib pob me me uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li transistors, resistors, thiab capacitors uas tsim los ntawm ib daim khoom siv semiconductor. ICs tso cai rau kev tsim cov voj voog hluav taws xob nyuaj hauv qhov chaw me me.
Cov integrated circuits (ICs) siv rau txhua yam los ntawm microprocessors hauv computer mus rau sensors hauv cov khoom siv kho mob. Lawv qhov tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem hais dhau, vim lawv tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb tsim thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
7. Hloov pauv
Lub qhov hloov yog ib qho khoom siv los qhib lossis kaw ib lub voj voog hluav taws xob. Nws tswj cov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv lub voj voog, thiab nws siv tau pom tseeb hauv kev siv txhua hnub, xws li lub pob ON/OFF ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Cov keyboards muaj ntau hom, xws li toggle switches, push-button switches, dip switches, rotary switches, thiab lwm yam. Txhua hom muaj cov kev siv tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm uas xav tau.
8. Relay
Ib lub relay yog ib lub qhov hloov hluav taws xob uas siv lub electromagnet los txav cov khoom sib txuas hauv ib lub voj voog. Cov relays tso cai rau kev tswj cov hluav taws xob siab lossis cov hluav taws xob siab nrog cov teeb liab hluav taws xob qis lossis cov teeb liab qis, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam automation thiab kev siv chaw taws teeb.
Muaj ntau hom relays sib txawv, suav nrog cov relays hluav taws xob, reed relays, thiab solid-state relays, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo.
9. Hloov pauv
Lub transformer yog ib qho khoom siv los hloov lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no los ntawm kev siv electromagnetic induction. Muaj ob lossis ntau lub kauj vuam rau ntawm lub hlau, cov transformers siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li kev faib hluav taws xob, lub suab circuits, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
Cov transformers tso cai rau kev hloov kho cov theem voltage kom haum rau qhov xav tau ntawm ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
10. Lub zog ntsuas
Lub potentiometer yog ib lub resistor uas hloov pauv tau uas siv los tswj lub zog hluav taws xob lossis tam sim no hauv ib lub voj voog. Lub potentiometer muaj peb lub qhov (terminals) thiab ib lub wiper uas txav mus raws lub resistive element, muab txoj hauv kev los hloov qhov resistance tas li.
Cov ntawv thov potentiometer suav nrog kev tswj lub ntim ntawm cov khoom siv suab, kev hloov kho qhov kaj ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab ntau yam kev siv uas xav tau kev tswj hwm sib txawv.
xaus
Cov voj voog hluav taws xob yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam khoom siv uas peb siv txhua hnub. Cov khoom sib tham saum toj no - resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, switches, relays, transformers, thiab potentiometers - txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov khoom siv no ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab txog cov haujlwm thiab kev siv ntawm cov khoom no yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim thiab kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhib lub qhov rooj rau kev tsim kho tshiab yav tom ntej thiab thev naus laus zis siab heev.
