Cov Lus Nug Sib Tham Txog Tam Sim No Hloov Pauv
Pendahuluuan
Fais fab hloov pauv (AC) yog ib hom fais fab uas hloov pauv kev taw qhia tas li. Tsis zoo li fais fab ncaj qha (DC), uas ntws mus rau ib qho kev taw qhia, fais fab hloov pauv ntws ntawm ntau qhov ceev thiab kev taw qhia. AC siv dav hauv kev faib hluav taws xob vim nws qhov zoo hauv kev xa mus deb thiab muaj peev xwm hloov nws lub zog hluav taws xob yooj yim siv cov transformers. Tsab xov xwm no yuav muab ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev sib tham txog fais fab hloov pauv kom koj nkag siab tob txog cov ncauj lus no.
Piv txwv lus nug 1: Zaus thiab Lub Sijhawm ntawm Hloov Tam Sim No
Lo lus nug:
Ib qho hluav taws xob hloov pauv muaj zaus ntawm 50 Hz. Xam lub sijhawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.
Kev Sib Tham:
Qhov zaus (f) thiab lub sijhawm (T) ntawm alternating current muaj cov kev sib raug zoo hauv qab no:
\[ T = \frac{1}{f} \]
Nrog rau zaus (f) ntawm 50 Hz:
\[ T = \frac{1}{50} \]
\[ T = 0,02 vib nas this} \]
Yog li, lub sijhawm ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no yog 0,02 vib nas this.
Piv txwv lus nug 2: Kev Nyuaj Siab Siab Tshaj Plaws thiab Kev Nyuaj Siab Zoo
Lo lus nug:
Ib qho hluav taws xob alternating tam sim no muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage (Vmax) ntawm 311 V. Xam qhov hluav taws xob zoo (Veff) ntawm qhov tam sim no no.
Kev Sib Tham:
Qhov hluav taws xob zoo (Veff) ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm nws qhov hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog siv cov mis:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{V_{\text{max}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
Yog tias Vmax paub tias yog 311 V, ces:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \text{V}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
\[V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \text{V}}{1,414} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} \approx 220 \text{ V} \]
Yog li, qhov hluav taws xob zoo ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no yog 220 V.
Piv txwv lus nug 3: Lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub voj voog Resistive
Lo lus nug:
Hauv ib lub voj voog uas tsis muaj zog, qhov tam sim no (Ieff) uas ntws yog 5 A thiab qhov voltage (Veff) uas ntws yog 220 V. Xam lub zog hluav taws xob uas lub voj voog nqus tau.
Kev Sib Tham:
Lub zog hluav taws xob (P) uas nqus los ntawm lub voj voog tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev siv cov mis:
\[ P = V_{\text{eff}} \times I_{\text{eff}} \]
Nrog Veff ntawm 220 V thiab Ieff ntawm 5 A, ces:
\[ P = 220 \text{ V} \times 5 \text{ A} \]
\[ P = 1100 \text{ W} \]
Yog li, lub zog hluav taws xob uas lub voj voog nqus tau yog 1100 watts.
Piv txwv teeb meem 4: Impedance hauv LR Series Circuit
Lo lus nug:
Ib lub voj voog muaj ib lub resistor (R) ntawm 10 ohms thiab ib lub inductor (L) nrog lub inductance ntawm 0,1 H txuas ua ke. Yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob alternating nrog zaus ntawm 50 Hz ntws los ntawm lub voj voog, xam tag nrho impedance ntawm lub voj voog.
Kev Sib Tham:
Tag nrho cov impedance (Z) hauv ib qho series LR circuit tuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev siv cov mis:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
Qhov twg:
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
thiab \(\omega\) yog qhov zaus angular uas muab los ntawm:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Nrog f ntawm 50 Hz:
\[ \omega = 2\pi \times 50 \]
\[ \omega = 100\pi \text{ radians/ob vib nas this} \]
Inductance (L) ntawm 0,1 H:
\[ X_L = 100\pi \times 0,1 \]
\[ X_L = 10\pi \text{ ohm} \]
Yog li, tag nrho cov impedance (Z) yog:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
\[Z = \sqrt{10^2 + (10\pi)^2} \]
\[Z = \sqrt{100 + (100\pi^2)} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + 986.96} \]
\[ Z \approx \sqrt{1086.96} \]
\[ Z \approx 32.97 \text{ ohm} \]
Yog li, tag nrho cov impedance ntawm lub voj voog yog li 32,97 ohms.
Piv txwv teeb meem 5: Lub zog fais fab hauv Series RLC Circuits
Lo lus nug:
Muab ib lub voj voog RLC series nrog cov nqi ntawm R = 20 ohms, L = 50 mH, thiab C = 100 μF txuas nrog lub zog AC qhov chaw nrog zaus ntawm 60 Hz. Xam qhov fais fab hauv lub voj voog.
Kev Sib Tham:
Qhov fais fab hauv RLC Circuit yog txiav txim siab los ntawm
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog xam tag nrho cov impedance (Z) ntawm lub voj voog:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Qhov twg
\[ f = 60 \text{ Hz} \]
\[ \omega = 2\pi \times 60 \]
\[ \omega = 120\pi \text{ rad/s} \]
Tom qab ntawd xam qhov inductive (XL) thiab capacitive (XC) reactance:
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
\[ X_L = 120\pi \times 0,05 \]
\[ X_L = 6\pi \text{ ohm} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{120\pi \times 100 \times 10^{-6}} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{0,012\pi} \]
\[ X_C \kwv yees li 26,525 \text{ ohm} \]
Qhov sib txawv ntawm inductive thiab capacitive reactance \(X_L - X_C\):
\[ X = X_L – X_C \]
\[ X = 6\pi – 26,525 \]
\[ X \approx -7,903 \text{ ohm} \]
Tom qab ntawd xam tag nrho cov impedance (Z):
\[ Z = R^2 + X^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{20^2 + (-7,903)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{400 + 62,41} \]
\[ Z \approx \sqrt{462,41} \]
\[ Z \approx 21,51 \text{ ohm} \]
Ces qhov fais fab yam (cos(φ)):
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{20}{21,51} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) \approx 0,93 \]
Yog li, qhov fais fab fais fab hauv lub voj voog yog li 0,93.
Xaus
Tam sim no hloov pauv muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas sib txawv ntawm tam sim no ncaj qha, xws li zaus, lub sijhawm, thiab tus nqi zoo. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas AC circuit, peb xav txog cov khoom resistive, inductive, thiab capacitive. Ntxiv mus, kev xam impedance thiab lub zog tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub circuit. Los ntawm kev nkag siab cov piv txwv saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim dua txog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim ntawm tam sim no hloov pauv thiab nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob.
