Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Cov Chargers Kom Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb
Cov chargers yog cov khoom siv me me, zoo li yooj yim, tab sis lawv muaj lub kaw lus hluav taws xob ntom ntom thiab nyuaj. Ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub charger yog kev xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob - cov khoom siv uas coj hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv no yog siv rau hauv cov ntsaws ntsaws, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) cov hlau, cov cables, transformer coils, thiab txawm tias USB connectors. Yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug xaiv tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo, qhov kev pheej hmoo tsis yog tsuas yog tias lub charger yuav tawg sai sai, tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau overheating, luv luv circuits, thiab txawm tias hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyab xeeb yog tus qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm lub charger.
Vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv conductive thiaj cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub charger?
Hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm tus neeg coj hluav taws xob ib txwm tsim cua sov. Cov cua sov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov siab dua qhov tsis kam, qhov kub ntau dua uas tsim rau tib lub tam sim no. Hauv cov chargers niaj hnub - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chargers ceev - cov tam sim no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2-6 amperes lossis ntau dua, yog li qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg coj hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo conductive tuaj yeem ua rau:
1. Cov xov hlau, cov khoom sib txuas, lossis cov kab PCB kub dhau.
2. Lub zog hluav taws xob poob qis ua rau kev them qeeb thiab tsis ruaj khov.
3. Kev oxidation thiab corrosion uas ua rau cov hluav taws xob xoob thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv.
4. Cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm xws li cov ntsaws ntsaws yooj yim xoob, tawg, lossis xeb.
5. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov khoom sib txuas xoob lossis tsis zoo.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub charger tsis yog ib leeg xwb; nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv conductive, cov insulators, kev tsim thermal, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv conductive yog lub hauv paus uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv lub charger thiab nws cov yam ntxwv muaj kev nyab xeeb
1. Tooj liab rau cov cables thiab PCB lem
Tooj liab yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau vim nws muaj kev coj ua hluav taws xob siab thiab tus nqi sib piv. Hauv cov chaw them hluav taws xob muaj kev nyab xeeb, tooj liab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv:
- Cov xov hlau tseem ceeb (cov xov hlau tseem ceeb), suav nrog cov xov hlau USB-C/Lightning.
- Cov kab PCB, cov kab tooj liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm Circuit Court.
- Cov kauj hlau transformer/inductor, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hloov pauv adapters.
Cov kev xav tseem ceeb suav nrog kev ntshiab ntawm tooj liab thiab qhov tuab ntawm qhov hla. Cov xov hlau tooj liab ntshiab muaj qhov tsis kam qis dua li cov hlau tsis zoo. Hauv cov cables, qhov loj ntawm qhov hla (piv txwv li, AWG) txiav txim siab lawv lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no yam tsis muaj kev kub dhau. Ib txoj hlua uas me dhau rau kev them tam sim no sai yuav kub thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo rau lub connector puas tsuaj.
Ntawm cov PCBs, qhov tuab ntawm tooj liab feem ntau yog 1 oz lossis 2 oz (hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm tooj liab ib cheeb tsam). Rau cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, qhov tuab ntawm tooj liab thiab qhov dav ntawm cov kab yuav tsum txaus kom tiv thaiv kev kub dhau.
2. Tooj liab thiab tooj dag rau cov ntsaws ntsaws
Cov ceg ntsaws yuav tsum muaj zog thiab ruaj khov rau hluav taws xob. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv tooj dag lossis tooj liab vim tias:
- Muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim khoov.
- Conductivity zoo heev.
- Yooj yim rau kev siv rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion plating.
Txawm li cas los xij, tooj dag muaj qhov conductivity qis dua li tooj liab ntshiab, yog li tus qauv tsim yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias muaj thaj chaw sib cuag loj txaus thiab plating zoo kom tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv.
3. Kev plating kom muaj kev nyab xeeb: nickel, tin, lossis kub
Cov txheej txheej saum npoo tiv thaiv kev xeb thiab ua kom muaj kev sib cuag hluav taws xob tas li. Hauv lub charger zoo, koj yuav pom:
- Nickel (Nickel plating): muaj zog, tiv taus hnav, thiab tiv taus xeb heev.
- Tin (Tin plating): feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov connectors thiab solderable qhov chaw, kuj pheej yig.
– Kub (Kub plating): muaj kev coj ua hluav taws xob siab thiab tiv taus oxidation, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom sib txuas uas xav tau kev ruaj khov siab (txawm hais tias tus nqi kim dua).
Cov txheej txheej tsis zoo (nyias dhau los yog tsis sib npaug) tuaj yeem hnav sai. Thaum cov txheej txheej hnav, cov khoom siv hauv paus tuaj yeem oxidize, ua rau qhov sib cuag ntxhib, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv, thiab ua rau kub thiab muaj peev xwm arcing.
4. Txhuas: siv tau, tab sis yuav tsum tau tsim qauv kom zoo
Aluminium kuj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub teeb yuag, tab sis nws muaj kev tiv taus siab dua li tooj liab, thiab cov kev sib txuas aluminium feem ntau yuav muaj teeb meem yog tias tsis tsim kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, aluminium feem ntau siv rau hauv qee qhov chaw xws li cov cua sov lossis cov hlau casings, es tsis yog ua tus thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab hauv cov cables.
Yog tias siv txhuas ua tus neeg xyuas pib, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau:
- Kev tiv thaiv oxidation (aluminium oxide yog ib qho insulator).
- Cov txheej txheem txuas (crimping thiab tshwj xeeb plating) kom tiv thaiv kev xoob.
Cov kev coj ua txaus ntshai hauv cov ntaub ntawv conductive hauv cov chargers pheej yig
Muaj ntau yam kev coj ua uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov chargers pheej yig thiab cov cables uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv:
1. Tooj liab-npog txhuas (CCA): lub xov hlau tooj liab-npog txhuas. Nws zoo li tooj liab, tab sis muaj kev tiv taus siab dua thiab kub yooj yim thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau. CCA feem ntau ua rau them qeeb, cov xov hlau kub, thiab lub neej luv luv.
2. Txo qhov seem ntawm tus neeg txuas hluav taws xob: Lub xov hlau zoo li tuab vim tias cov rwb thaiv tsev tuab, tab sis lub plawv ntawm tus neeg txuas hluav taws xob me. Qhov no ua rau lub xov hlau kub sai thaum lub sijhawm them ceev.
3. Lub txheej txuas nyias heev: nws sai sai tev tawm thiab xeb tshwm sim, ua rau cov kev sib txuas xoob.
4. Cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov pob qij txha tsis zoo: cov khoom siv vuam tsis zoo lossis cov khoom sib xyaw tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cuag siab thiab tawg yooj yim vim yog lub voj voog kub-txias.
Cov kev coj ua no tsis yog ib txwm pom tau tam sim ntawd los ntawm sab nraud, tab sis cov teebmeem yooj yim hnov: lub charger kub dhau, kev them tsis ruaj khov, lossis lub connector hloov xim thiab dub.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim qauv thermal thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev txawm tias cov khoom siv twb "zoo" conductive lawm
Cov ntaub ntawv conductive uas muaj kev nyab xeeb tseem yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tsim qauv, xws li:
- Kev sib cais ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob siab thiab cov kab teeb liab ntawm PCB kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm kev them nqi.
- Txias kom txaus, piv txwv li muab cov khoom tso rau hauv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov.
- Kev rwb thaiv tsev txheem ntawm sab hluav taws xob siab (AC mains) thiab sab hluav taws xob qis (USB output). Qhov no tseem ceeb vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ze rau cov khoom txaus ntshai yog tias kev rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm.
Hauv cov khoom siv them fais fab phab ntsa, cov hloov pauv transformers thiab qhov deb ntawm cov PCBs yog cov yam tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo conductive yuav tsis txaus yog tias qhov deb ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo.
Cov qauv thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ntsig txog kev ruaj ntseg
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub charger feem ntau yog ua pov thawj los ntawm kev ua raws li cov qauv kev xeem, xws li:
– IEC/EN 62368-1 (suab/yeeb yaj kiab, ICT thiab cov khoom siv zoo sib xws suav nrog cov khoom siv fais fab).
- Cov ntawv pov thawj hauv cheeb tsam xws li SNI (Indonesia), CE (Tebchaws Europe), UL (Asmeskas), lossis CCC (Tuam Tshoj) nyob ntawm kev ua lag luam.
- Rau cov cables thiab connectors, feem ntau muaj cov qauv ntxiv ntsig txog USB-IF (rau USB-C) thiab kev sim tam sim no.
Daim ntawv pov thawj tsis lav tias "zoo tag nrho," tab sis ua rau muaj feem ntau dua uas cov khoom yuav ua tau raws li cov khoom siv, qhov deb ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev, thiab cov kev cai tiv thaiv cua sov.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv cov chargers thiab cov cables nrog cov khoom siv conductive muaj kev nyab xeeb dua
Yog li ntawd cov neeg siv niaj hnub tsis tas yuav tsum disassemble lub charger, muaj ntau yam qhia tau tias yuav ua li cas:
1. Xaiv ib lub hom lag luam uas meej thiab tau ntawv pov thawj: nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv SNI/CE/UL thiab cov neeg faib khoom raug cai.
2. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tam sim no thiab lub zog: rau kev them ceev, lub cable yuav tsum txhawb nqa tam sim no siab (piv txwv li 3A lossis 5A ntawm USB-C nrog e-marker).
3. Xyuas qhov kub thaum siv: sov yog qhov ib txwm muaj, tab sis yog tias nws kub heev uas nws tsis xis nyob kov, tsum tsis txhob siv nws.
4. Saib xyuas lub qhov txuas: yog tias muaj cov cim qhia tias dub, xoob, lossis xeb, qhov no yog qhov qhia tias muaj kev tiv taus kev sib cuag ntau ntxiv.
5. Tsis txhob siv cov xov hlau uas "pheej yig dhau" rau lub zog siab: lawv feem ntau siv CCA me me lossis ntu hla.
Xaus
Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo hauv cov chargers tsis yog hais txog "cov khoom zoo xwb," tab sis yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, lub zog kho tshuab, qhov zoo ntawm plating, thiab kev tsim qauv raug rau qhov tam sim no uas raug nqa. Tooj liab zoo, cov hlau sib xyaw zoo rau cov pins, thiab plating kom raug tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis kam thiab cua sov, tswj kev them nqi ruaj khov, thiab txuas lub neej ntawm lub cuab yeej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom pheej yig xws li CCA, cov connectors nyias nyias, thiab cov kab hlau tsis loj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub dhau thiab kev ua tsis tiav.
Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv conductive thiab xaiv cov chargers thiab cov cables uas ua tau raws li cov lus qhia thiab daim ntawv pov thawj, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab txhim khu kev qha rau lub sijhawm ntev.
